集约经营对毛竹林土壤碳氮库及酶活性的影响

为探明集约经营对毛竹林土壤碳库、氮库以及酶活性的影响,在浙江省临安市选取相邻的粗放经营毛竹林和集约经营毛竹林(经营年限为15年),测定表层(0～20 cm)与亚表层(20～40 cm)土壤不同形态碳氮和蔗糖酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶和酸性磷酸酶的活性.结果表明: 长期集约经营显著降低毛竹林土壤有机碳含量和储量,表层和亚表层土壤有机碳储量分别下降13.2%和18.0%;集约经营15年后,毛竹林表层和亚表层土壤水溶性碳、热水溶性碳、微生物生物量碳和易氧化碳含量均显著降低;与粗放经营毛竹林相比,集约经营毛竹林表层和亚表层土壤氮储量分别增加50.8%和36.6%;集约经营显著增加毛竹林土壤硝态氮和铵态氮含量,显著降低土壤水溶性氮和微生物生物量氮含量;集约经营15年后,毛竹林表层土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶和酸性磷酸酶活性均显著下降,亚表层土壤酸性磷酸酶活性显著下降,而其他酶活性均无显著变化.长期集约经营导致毛竹林土壤碳储量、活性碳库和微生物活性显著下降,在以后的经营过程中要注意化肥与有机肥配合使用,以保证毛竹林的可持续经营.     

荒漠草原典型植物群落土壤活性有机碳组分特征及其与酶活性的关系

以宁夏荒漠草原典型植物柠条(Caragana korshinskii)、沙蒿(Artemisia ordosica)、短花针茅(Stipa breviflora)和蒙古冰草(Agropyron mongolicum)群落为研究对象,分析不同植物群落不同土层深度(0~5、5~10和10~15cm)土壤活性有机碳组分土壤微生物量碳(MBC)、可溶性有机碳(DOC)和易氧化有机碳(EOC)特征及其与土壤酶(蔗糖酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶)活性之间的关系。结果表明:(1)4种典型植物群落土壤SOC、MBC、EOC含量均随土层深度的增加而减少,且表层(0~5cm)土壤显著高于亚表层(5~10cm)和深层(10~15cm)土壤(P0.05),而土壤DOC含量随土层深度的增加呈先增加后减少的趋势。在同一土层深度,灌木(柠条和沙蒿)群落土壤活性有机碳组分含量高于禾本科植物(短花针茅和蒙古冰草)。(2)4种典型植物群落土壤酶(蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶)活性整体上随土层深度的增加而降低,局部土层深度表现出波动性;同一土层不同植被群落土壤酶活性未表现出一定的变化规律。(3)4种典型群落土壤活性有机碳各组分除DOC外,其余均与SOC呈显著正相关关系,与土壤酶活性、微生物量熵以及有机碳活度具有一定的相关关系,表明土壤活性有机碳不仅依赖于总有机碳,也与土壤酶活性密切相关。     

三江平原不同湿地类型土壤活性有机碳组分及含量差异

土壤活性有机碳对土壤干扰的反应较快,是土壤有机碳早期变化的敏感性指标。近50年来,三江平原湿地土壤有机碳库受农事活动影响较大。为了探讨不同湿地类型土壤活性有机碳主要组分土壤可溶性有机碳(Dissolved organic carbon,DOC)、微生物量碳(Microbial biomass carbon,MBC)和易氧化有机碳(Easily oxidized organic carbon,EOC)的分布差异及主要影响因子,选择了三江平原洪河自然保护区4种典型的湿地类型(小叶章+沼柳湿地、小叶章湿地、毛苔草湿地和芦苇湿地)为研究对象。分析了不同湿地类型土壤可溶性有机碳,微生物量碳和易氧化有机碳在0—30 cm土层内的分布特征和分配比例及其与有机碳、土壤养分和酶活性指标(蔗糖酶、纤维素酶和过氧化氢酶)之间的相关关系。结果表明:(1)4种湿地类型土壤DOC、MBC和EOC含量均随土层深度的增加而减少。不同湿地类型之间土壤活性有机碳含量在0—30 cm土层内存在显著性差异(P0.05),相对于长期淹水的毛苔草湿地和芦苇湿地而言,未淹水的小叶章+沼柳湿地和小叶章湿地具有较高的DOC,MBC和EOC含量。(2)土壤DOC、MBC和EOC占有机碳比例分别为0.27%—0.63%,1.27%—5.94%和19.63%—41.25%。土壤DOC所占比例呈先增后减的变化趋势,最大的比例均出现在10—20 cm。MBC所占比例在土壤剖面上则未表现出一致的变化规律,而EOC所占比例则随土层深度的增加而逐渐减少。(3)土壤DOC占SOC比例以小叶章湿地最高,MBC和EOC占SOC的比例则以小叶章+沼柳湿地最高。而长期淹水的毛苔草湿地和芦苇湿地则具有更低的DOC,MBC和EOC比例。(4)综合分析表明,4种湿地类型土壤DOC,MBC和EOC两两之间存在极显著相关性关系,它们除了与碳氮比相关性不显著外,与土壤有机碳,全氮,全磷养分和酶活性指标间相关性均达到极显著水平,尤其是与有机碳和全氮的相关性系数更高,此外DOC与纤维素酶,MBC与过氧化氢酶相关性更大。由此可见,土壤碳氮磷养分和酶活性是影响土壤活性有机碳组分分布的重要因素。     

三江平原4种典型湿地土壤碳氮分布差异和微生物特征

选择三江平原洪河湿地保护区4种典型湿地类型：小叶章+沼柳湿地、小叶章湿地、毛苔草湿地和芦苇湿地作为研究对象,分析了不同湿地土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)含量和微生物活性指标(土壤蔗糖酶、纤维素酶、过氧化氢酶、微生物生物量碳MBC、微生物生物量氮MBN、微生物呼吸速率MBR、微生物商q_MB和代谢商q CO₂)的变化及其相互关系.结果表明： SOC和TN含量均随土层深度增加而减少,不同湿地类型之间具有极显著性差异(P<0.01).各湿地土壤酶活性(除过氧化氢酶)、MBC、MBN含量和MBR均以表层(0～10 cm)最高,并随着土层深度的增加而降低.在0～30 cm土层内,小叶章+沼柳湿地和小叶章湿地SOC、TN含量、土壤酶活性、MBC、MBN含量、MBR、q_MB和qCO₂均高于淹水区的毛苔草湿地和芦苇湿地.统计分析表明,SOC、TN与微生物活性指标(qCO₂除外)均存在极显著正相关关系(P<0.01).表明研究区土壤微生物特征对SOC、TN的变化具有重要的影响和指示作用.     

套作糯玉米对西兰花连作田土壤微生物量及酶活性的影响

本文研究了套作糯玉米(Zea mays L.sinensis Kulesh)及其秸秆还田的种植模式下土壤生物活性的变化,以明确套作模式和秸秆还田减缓西兰花连作田连作障碍的效果。以西兰花单作为对照,设置西兰花套作糯玉米且糯玉米秸秆还田-西兰花(B/MR-B)、西兰花套作糯玉米且糯玉米秸秆不还田-西兰花(B/M-B)、西兰花-西兰花(B-B),共3个处理,分别测定土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC)、氮(MBN)以及脲酶、蔗糖酶、中性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性。结果表明:套作并秸秆还田有效提升MBC和MBN,玉米和西兰花共生阶段后期MBC和MBN较高;套作并秸秆还田可有效提高土壤脲酶、中性磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性,促进有机养分的转化和有效化;秸秆还田前期胁迫作物分泌过氧化氢,导致土壤过氧化氢酶活性升高,套作处理可有效减缓土壤中过氧化氢的累积。相关分析表明,MBC与脲酶、蔗糖酶、中性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶显著相关或极显著正相关,MBN与脲酶、蔗糖酶、中性磷酸酶极显著正相关。套作并秸秆还田可改善西兰花连作田土壤生态环境,在一定程度上有效缓解西兰花连作障碍。     

松材线虫对马尾松林土壤微生物生物量及酶活性的影响

以感染松材线虫病的马尾松林土壤作为研究对象,探索不同程度松材线虫病感染对马尾松林土壤理化性质、微生物生物量和土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明:随松材线虫病危害程度的加重,总碳、总磷、总钾、可溶性有机碳、铵态氮、硝态氮、有效磷和含水量呈现升高趋势,而p H、Ca、Mg、可溶性有机氮、微生物生物量碳(MBC)和微生物生物量氮(MBN)显著降低;同时,蔗糖酶、脲酶、纤维素酶和多酚氧化酶酶活性随着感染程度的加重而趋于下降,而酸性磷酸酶和蛋白酶活性则显著升高。结果表明:土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、纤维素酶和多酚氧化酶4种酶活性与含水量、铵态氮、硝态氮、可溶性有机碳、总磷、总钾、有效磷、总碳等理化指标呈显著负相关,而与可溶性有机氮、p H、Mg、Ca含量呈显著正相关;酸性磷酸酶和蛋白酶酶活性与含水量、铵态氮、硝态氮、可溶性有机碳、总钾呈显著正相关,而与可溶性有机氮、p H、Mg和Ca呈显著负相关;另外,MBC和MBN与酸性磷酸酶或蛋白酶呈显著负相关,而MBC和MBN与蔗糖酶、纤维素酶或多酚氧化酶呈显著正相关;因此,松材线虫的侵染改变了松林土壤的理化性质,引起土壤微生物群落结构、生物量和土壤酶活性的变化,这些指标可用于指示和评价松材线虫侵染对土壤质量的影响。     

冻融作用对三江平原湿地土壤活性有机碳及酶活性的影响

为了研究冻融作用对不同类型土壤活性有机碳组分及酶活性的影响,选取三江平原未受干扰小叶章湿地（UDAW）,干扰小叶章湿地（DDAW）和水稻田（RP）土壤（0-10 cm,10-20 cm和20-30 cm）进行室内冻融模拟实验。实验设置（-10-10℃）和（-5-5℃）两个冻融幅度。将经过3次、6次、10次和15次冻融循环处理后的土壤活性有机碳和酶活性分别与未经过冻融处理的FTC（0）对比。结果表明：冻融循环增加了3种湿地土壤可溶性有机碳（Dissolved Organic Carbon,DOC）浓度。随着活动层深度的增加,同一类型土壤DOC增量降低,不同类型土壤DOC增量为UDAW最高,其次是DDAW,RP增量最低。与此相反,冻融循环均降低了土壤微生物量碳（Microbial Biomass Carbon,MBC）浓度和纤维素酶、蔗糖酶和淀粉酶的活性。随着土壤深度的增加,冻融循环对MBC和3种酶活性的影响逐渐减弱,不同类型间MBC浓度和3种酶活性降低幅度为UDAW高于DDAW,RP降低幅度最小。冻融幅度对DOC浓度的影响为-5-5℃大于-10-10℃,而对MBC浓度和3种酶活性的影响则是-10-10℃大于-5-5℃。冻融次数显著影响土壤活性有机碳组分（DOC与MBC）及3种酶活性（P < 0.05）。随着冻融次数的增加,DOC浓度先升高后降低,MBC浓度和3种酶活性则先降低后升高。此外,UDAW和DDAW土壤活性有机碳组分和土壤酶活性显著正相关（P < 0.01）,暗示DOC浓度的增加,MBC起着重要作用。而在RP土壤中,二者的相关性降低,或许与人类的强烈干扰有关。     

不同施氮量对桑园红壤耕层酶活性的影响

在广西红壤典型气候区研究施用氮肥对桑园土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶和转化酶酶活性的影响,为广西红壤区桑园合理施氮和耕地保育提供科学依据。试验设置3个施氮量水平(N1:120.75 kg N/hm2,N2:172.5 kg N/hm2,N3:207 kg N/hm2),在冬季测定不同氮肥处理下耕层土壤酶活性,并与桑叶产量进行相关分析。结果表明,土壤脲酶和转化酶活性均随着施氮量的增加而增加,过氧化氢酶和酸性磷酸酶活性在中等施氮量(N2处理)下较大。土壤转化酶和脲酶活性呈显著的正相关关系、转化酶和磷酸酶活性呈显著的正相关关系,土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、转化酶活性与桑叶产量呈极显著相关。合理施用氮肥能提高桑园土壤转化酶、磷酸酶、脲酶活性,土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶活性可作为评价桑园土壤肥力质量的指标之一。     

不同水位时期东洞庭湖湿地土壤微生物生物量碳氮和酶活性变化

为从土壤微生物的角度分析东洞庭湖不同植被类型湿地土壤质量状况,本研究选取了苔草、芦苇和柳树3种典型植被类型为对象,在平水期、丰水期和枯水期对其土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC)、氮(MBN)和酶活性进行监测,并分析其主要影响因子。结果表明: 1)3个水位时期,各植被类型湿地土壤MBC、MBN、蔗糖酶和纤维素酶活性(枯水期纤维素酶除外)均表现为0～10 cm高于10～20 cm,而土壤过氧化氢酶活性则相反。2)各植被类型湿地0～20 cm土层土壤MBC、MBN和MBC/TOC(总有机碳)、MBN/TN(总氮)皆以丰水期最低。3)各植被类型湿地0～20 cm土层土壤蔗糖酶活性峰值均出现在枯水期,而纤维素酶活性峰值出现在平水期,过氧化氢酶活性季节性波动较小,以丰水期稍高。4)不同植被类型间比较:平水期和丰水期,芦苇湿地土壤蔗糖酶活性显著高于其他植被类型,而其土壤纤维素酶活性最低,枯水期不同湿地间两种酶活性差异不显著。土壤过氧化氢酶活性在平水期以苔草湿地最高,枯水期以柳树湿地最高,丰水期以芦苇湿地最低。5)相关性分析表明,土壤MBC、MBN和蔗糖酶与TOC、TN、总磷(TP)呈显著正相关,而与pH值呈显著负相关。土壤纤维素酶和过氧化氢酶与TOC、TN、TP呈显著负相关,与pH值呈显著正相关。表明季节性水位波动影响土壤C、N、P和pH值,并对土壤微生物生物量碳、氮和酶活性产生显著影响,使其呈现明显的季节性变化特征。     

稻草覆盖、间作三叶草茶园土壤酶活性与养分的关系

通过小区实验,分析了稻草覆盖与间作三叶草后的丘陵茶园土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶活性变化,并采用相关分析、通径分析、主成分分析探讨了酶活性和土壤养分的关系。结果表明：稻草覆盖与间作三叶草能显著提高丘陵茶园土壤有机质、全N及速效P、速效K含量,间作三叶草明显增加土壤过氧化氢酶、转化酶含量,而稻草覆盖明显增加磷酸酶和脲酶活性。相关分析表明,土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶均与全氮、有机质、速效N呈极显著或显著正相关。通径分析表明,与4种酶关系最直接的是有机质或全N。主成分分析表明,土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶活性在第1主成分内的权重分别为0.842、0.937、0.873和0.847,可见,过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶活性可用于评价丘陵茶园土壤C、N肥力。     

中国森林植被碳库的动态变化及其意义

利用1949年至1998年间7次森林资源清查资料,结合使用森林生物量实测资料,采用改良的生物量换算因子法,推算了中国50年来森林碳库和平均碳密度的变化,分析了中国森林植被的CO2源汇功能,结果表明,70年代中期以前,主要由于森林砍伐等人为作用,中国森林碳库和碳密度都是减少的,碳储量减少了0．62PgC（Pg＝10^15g),年均减少约0．024PgC。之后,呈增加趋势。在最近的20多年中,森林碳库由70年代末期的4．38PgC增加到1998年的4．75PgC,共增加0．37PgC,年平均增加0．022PgC。这种增加主要由人工造林增加所致。20多年来,由于人工林增加导致碳汇增加0．45PgC,年平均增加吸收0．021PgC／a。人工林的平均碳密度也显增加,共增加了约一倍。这除了人工成林增多外,气温上升和CO2浓度施肥也可能是促进森林生长的重要因子。     

Effects of water gradients on soil enzyme activity and active organic carbon composition under Carex lasiocarpa marsh

The responses of soil enzyme activity of freshwater marsh, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and aboveground biomass to water gradients were studied with Carex lasiocarpa pot culture experiment. The relationships between soil enzyme activity and MBC, DOC and aboveground biomass were discussed. The water gradients were W1, 15 cm; W2, ?5 cm; W3, ?5–5 cm; W4, submerged. The results indicated that acid phosphatase, invertase and urease activities were decreased with the increase of water level, while catalase activity was increased with moisture content increasing. Drying-wetting alternation (W3) increased soil enzyme activities if compared with W1. MBC content followed the order of W3 > W1 > W2 > W4, and the activities of invertase, urease and catalase were significantly positively correlated with MBC (p < 0.05). DOC content presented the order of W4 > W1 > W3 > W2, and the activities of urease and acid phosphatase were most significantly negatively correlated with DOC (p < 0.01). In addition, drying-wetting alternation promoted the growth of Carex lasiocarpa. When water submerged plants, the growth of Carex lasiocarpa was significantly inhibited. The aboveground biomass was positively related to soil enzyme activities. There were close relationships between the activities of invertase, urease and catalase and the growth situation of Carex lasiocarpa.     

Spatial heterogeneity of soil nutrients and aboveground biomass in abandoned old-fields of Loess Hilly region in Northern Shaanxi, China

The responses of soil enzyme activity of freshwater marsh, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and aboveground biomass to water gradients were studied with Carex lasiocarpa pot culture experiment. The relationships between soil enzyme activity and MBC, DOC and aboveground biomass were discussed. The water gradients were W1, 15 cm; W2, ?5 cm; W3, ?5–5 cm; W4, submerged. The results indicated that acid phosphatase, invertase and urease activities were decreased with the increase of water level, while catalase activity was increased with moisture content increasing. Drying-wetting alternation (W3) increased soil enzyme activities if compared with W1. MBC content followed the order of W3 > W1 > W2 > W4, and the activities of invertase, urease and catalase were significantly positively correlated with MBC (p < 0.05). DOC content presented the order of W4 > W1 > W3 > W2, and the activities of urease and acid phosphatase were most significantly negatively correlated with DOC (p < 0.01). In addition, drying-wetting alternation promoted the growth of Carex lasiocarpa. When water submerged plants, the growth of Carex lasiocarpa was significantly inhibited. The aboveground biomass was positively related to soil enzyme activities. There were close relationships between the activities of invertase, urease and catalase and the growth situation of Carex lasiocarpa.     

Effects of water gradients on soil enzyme activity and active organic carbon composition under Carex lasiocarpa marsh

The responses of soil enzyme activity of freshwater marsh, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and aboveground biomass to water gradients were studied with Carex lasiocarpa pot culture experiment. The relationships between soil enzyme activity and MBC, DOC and aboveground biomass were discussed. The water gradients were W1, 15 cm; W2, ?5 cm; W3, ?5–5 cm; W4, submerged. The results indicated that acid phosphatase, invertase and urease activities were decreased with the increase of water level, while catalase activity was increased with moisture content increasing. Drying-wetting alternation (W3) increased soil enzyme activities if compared with W1. MBC content followed the order of W3 > W1 > W2 > W4, and the activities of invertase, urease and catalase were significantly positively correlated with MBC (p < 0.05). DOC content presented the order of W4 > W1 > W3 > W2, and the activities of urease and acid phosphatase were most significantly negatively correlated with DOC (p < 0.01). In addition, drying-wetting alternation promoted the growth of Carex lasiocarpa. When water submerged plants, the growth of Carex lasiocarpa was significantly inhibited. The aboveground biomass was positively related to soil enzyme activities. There were close relationships between the activities of invertase, urease and catalase and the growth situation of Carex lasiocarpa.     

Effects of water gradients on soil enzyme activity and active organic carbon composition under Carex lasiocarpa marsh

The responses of soil enzyme activity of freshwater marsh, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and aboveground biomass to water gradients were studied with Carex lasiocarpa pot culture experiment. The relationships between soil enzyme activity and MBC, DOC and aboveground biomass were discussed. The water gradients were W1, 15 cm; W2, ?5 cm; W3, ?5–5 cm; W4, submerged. The results indicated that acid phosphatase, invertase and urease activities were decreased with the increase of water level, while catalase activity was increased with moisture content increasing. Drying-wetting alternation (W3) increased soil enzyme activities if compared with W1. MBC content followed the order of W3 > W1 > W2 > W4, and the activities of invertase, urease and catalase were significantly positively correlated with MBC (p < 0.05). DOC content presented the order of W4 > W1 > W3 > W2, and the activities of urease and acid phosphatase were most significantly negatively correlated with DOC (p < 0.01). In addition, drying-wetting alternation promoted the growth of Carex lasiocarpa. When water submerged plants, the growth of Carex lasiocarpa was significantly inhibited. The aboveground biomass was positively related to soil enzyme activities. There were close relationships between the activities of invertase, urease and catalase and the growth situation of Carex lasiocarpa.     

鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林土壤微生物量碳和有机碳对模拟酸雨的响应

在鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林设置人工模拟酸雨实验,研究土壤总有机碳含量、微生物量碳含量、土壤p H值和土壤呼吸速率几个指标对不同酸处理梯度(CK:p H值4.5的天然湖水;T1:p H值4.0;T2:p H值3.5;T3:p H值3.0)的响应。结果表明,在模拟酸雨的持续作用下,样地土壤酸化有加剧趋势。2011年的6月(CK:(603.76±46.18)mg/kg,T1:(565.41±44.48)mg/kg,T2:(521.58±30.92)mg/kg,T3:(509.49±19.40)mg/kg)、12月(CK:(488.92±22.71)mg/kg,T1:(379.65±49.46)mg/kg,T2:(346.08±33.81)mg/kg,T3:(318.00±52.35)mg/kg)和2012年6月(CK:(540.48±39.11)mg/kg,T1:(492.30±43.15)mg/kg,T2:(489.65±51.39)mg/kg,T3:(428.53±49.66)mg/kg)3次测定的土壤微生物量碳含量有随模拟酸雨强度增加而显著降低的趋势,高强度的酸处理T3显著低于CK值(P0.05);土壤呼吸速率在各处理中的响应与土壤微生物量碳含量变化一致。由于旱季和湿季的土壤温湿度相差较大,以上各指标在旱湿两季的差异明显,表现为湿季大于旱季。由于土壤总有机碳含量变化缓慢,其在各酸梯度处理下无显著差异(P0.05)。以上结果显示,长期酸雨作用使土壤酸化不断加剧,并降低了土壤微生物量碳的含量,抑制了土壤的呼吸速率,有利于土壤碳的累积,但对土壤总有机碳的影响仍需长期实验研究。     

凋落物化学组成对土壤微生物学性状及土壤酶活性的影响

通过模拟试验的方法研究了单一施加杉木(Cunn inghan ia lancceola ta(L am b)Hook.)叶凋落物,杉木(C.lancceola ta)和桤木(A lnus crem astogyne Burk ill)混合凋落物,杉木(C.lancceola ta)和枫香(L iqu id am ba f orm osana H ance)混合凋落物,杉木(C.lancceola ta)、桤木(A.crem astogyne)、枫香(L.f orm osana)混合凋落物对土壤化学性状和土壤微生物量碳、代谢熵(qCO2)、土壤酶活性的影响。研究结果表明,土壤微生物学性状比土壤化学性状对不同凋落物处理的效应反应更敏感;与单一杉木叶凋落物比较,混合凋落物处理的土壤微生物量碳明显增加,土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、脱氢酶活性升高;土壤代谢熵(qCO2)和土壤多酚氧化酶活性有下降趋势;另外,研究结果也表明,不同树种的叶凋落物混合对土壤质量的影响存在差异,有桤木叶的混合凋落物对土壤质量的改善效果似乎更明显。     

青海高原复种绿肥毛叶苕子对土壤微生物生物量碳、氮的影响

通过在小麦收获后复种绿肥毛叶苕子研究绿肥的培肥效应。在复种绿肥毛叶苕子的情况下,研究后茬作物小麦生育期土壤微生物生物量碳、氮的时空变化。结果表明,小麦生育期0～20 cm土层土壤微生物生物量碳、氮均表现为有毛叶苕子处理高于无毛叶苕子处理,其中施肥70%化肥+毛苕子翻压还田处理的土壤微生物生物量碳、氮最高。小麦苗期土壤微生物生物量碳、氮含量最低,至抽穗期土壤微生物生物量碳、氮含量达到最高,成熟期又有所降低。微生物熵在各时期的变化与微生物生物量碳一致,绿肥处理表现出明显较高的微生物熵。     

Potential impacts of climate warming on active soil organic carbon contents along natural altitudinal forest transect of Changbai Mountain

Understanding soil carbon fractions and their responses to the global warming is important for improving soil carbon management of natural altitudinal forest ecosystem. In this study, the contents of soil total organic carbon (SOC), soil labile organic carbon (LOC), and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) in soil upper layers (0–20 cm) were measured along a natural altitudinal transect in the north slope of Changbai Mountain. The results showed that under natural conditions the contents of SOC and LOC were largest in Betula ermanii forest (altitude 1996 m), moderate in spruce-fir forest (altitude 1350 m), and smallest in Korean pine mixed broad-leaf tree forest (altitude 740 m). MBC contents in different forest ecosystems decreased in the order of Betula ermanii forest, Korean pine mixed broad-leaf tree forest, and dark coniferous forest. In addition, the responses of SOC, LOC, and MBC to soil warming were conducted by relocating intact soil cores from high- to low-elevation forests for one year. As expected, the soil core relocation caused significant increase in soil temperature but made no significant effect on soil moisture. After one year incubation, soil relocation significantly decreased SOC contents, whereas the contents of LOC, MBC, and the ratios of LOC to SOC and MBC to SOC increased.     

Potential impacts of climate warming on active soil organic carbon contents along natural altitudinal forest transect of Changbai Mountain

Understanding soil carbon fractions and their responses to the global warming is important for improving soil carbon management of natural altitudinal forest ecosystem. In this study, the contents of soil total organic carbon (SOC), soil labile organic carbon (LOC), and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) in soil upper layers (0–20 cm) were measured along a natural altitudinal transect in the north slope of Changbai Mountain. The results showed that under natural conditions the contents of SOC and LOC were largest in Betula ermanii forest (altitude 1996 m), moderate in spruce-fir forest (altitude 1350 m), and smallest in Korean pine mixed broad-leaf tree forest (altitude 740 m). MBC contents in different forest ecosystems decreased in the order of Betula ermanii forest, Korean pine mixed broad-leaf tree forest, and dark coniferous forest. In addition, the responses of SOC, LOC, and MBC to soil warming were conducted by relocating intact soil cores from high- to low-elevation forests for one year. As expected, the soil core relocation caused significant increase in soil temperature but made no significant effect on soil moisture. After one year incubation, soil relocation significantly decreased SOC contents, whereas the contents of LOC, MBC, and the ratios of LOC to SOC and MBC to SOC increased.