麦绿素加工专用大麦产量与气象因子的关系

以两个大麦品种为材料,在杭州条件下分7期播种,研究了麦绿素加工专用大麦产量与气象因子的关系．结果表明,第一收获期产量与播种后第1旬平均温度呈显著正相关,与第1、2旬的累积雨量显著负相关;第二收获期产量与第一次刈青后第2旬平均温度、第3旬降雨量显著正相关;三期总产量与播种后第2旬的平均温度呈极显著正相关,与第6旬平均温度呈极显著负相关．分别建立了第一收获期产量、三期总产量与生长天数、积温、降雨量及播种后第1、2、3旬平均温度的一元二次回归模型,寻优获得了在第一收获期高产基础上获较高总产量的适宜气象生态条件．     

近20年藏北地区AVHRR NDVI与气候因子的关系

利用藏北那曲地区1981~2001年NOAA/AVHRR的旬合成NDVI资料和6个站的逐日气象资料,分析了(归一化指数NDVI)的年内和年际变化规律以及NDVI与8个气候要素的相关关系,主要结论:影响NDVI年变化最显著的气候因子是温度,其中水汽压与NDVI的相关程度明显大于降水量;日照时数与NDVI呈负相关;NDVI与日照时数的滞后时间约0~10d,与风速没有滞后现象,与潜在蒸散、温度、水汽压和降水约20~40d;影响NDVI年际变化最显著的气候因子是潜在蒸散量。     

杭州湾滩涂Na元素含量对植物多样性和优势度的影响

钠元素是滩涂湿地土壤盐分的最主要成分。利用样方法调查了杭州湾滩涂湿地的植物多样性及其分布,以及土壤钠含量对植物多样性和优势度的影响,用相关回归方法对数据进行分析处理。结果表明：（1）海塘内的物种多样性要高于海塘外,有11种植物,优势植物是芦苇（Phragmites australis）和互花米草（Spartina alterniflora）,且互花米草的优势度要高于芦苇;但是在海塘外的自然滩涂,则只出现3种植物,主要优势植物是互花米草和海三棱藤草（Scirpus xmariqueter）,芦苇则较为少见。在海塘外的海三棱藤草-互花米草混合群落中,海三棱藤草的优势度要高于互花米草。（2）物种丰富度指数（Margalef指数）和物种多样性（Simpson指数）指数均与土壤钠含量呈极显著负相关关系,通过回归分析得回归方程分别为y（Margalef指数）=-0．05x＋1．608（R^2=0．732,P〈0．01,n=10）,y（Simpson指数）=-0．038x＋1．214（R^2=0．926,P〈0．01,n=10）。（3）海塘内互花米草的重要值与土壤钠含量呈极显著正相关,y=0．033x-0．007（R^2=0．802,P〈0．01,n=10）;而芦苇重要值则与其呈极显著负相关,y=-0．013x＋0．419（R^2=0．607,P〈0．01,n=10）。在海塘外的混合群落中,互花米草和海三棱藤草的重要值与土壤钠含量之间没有明显的相关关系。（4）随着（海塘）围垦时间的延长,其物种多样性呈现增大的趋势,中生植物更为丰富,而盐生植物逐渐萎缩。     

桃园节肢动物群落的多样性、均匀度和相对稳定性季节动态

对桃园节肢动物群落进行了系统调查,并对数据进行了数学分析．结果表明,群落与植食动物亚群落的多样性指数相关系数为0．9480,两者极显著相关;群落与捕食动物亚群落的多样性指数相关系数为0．7855,两者极显著相关;两个亚群落的多样性均与群落多样性有关,两个亚群落多样性指数间相关系数为0．6741,两者显著相关;群落多样性指数与群落均匀度指数问相关系数为0．7870,两者极显著相关;群落多样性指数与两个亚群落均匀度指数之间均不相关．群落多样性指数(H’),与捕食性动物个体数(Sd)和植食性动物个体数(Sz)之比值(Sd／Sz)相关系数为0．8112,两者极显著相关;与群落物种数(Sz)和个体数(Si)之比值(Sz／Si)相关系数为0．9188,两者极显著相关;与捕食动物类群(科)数(Spl)和植食动物类群(科)数(Szl)之比值(Spl／Szl)不相关。     

杉木半同胞子代林的遗传测定和综合指数选择

本研究对四年生杉木半同胞子代林49个家系的遗传测定结果表明：树高、胸径、冠幅等性状呈高度遗传;枝粗、枝数等性状呈弱度遗传;枝数与大多性状间呈不显著遗传负相关;树高、胸径之间遗传相关显著;冠幅、年轮盘数、枝粗及枝长四者之间遗传相关极显著;该四性状与高、径之间呈极显著遗传相关．采用综合指数选择摸式得指数方程为I=1.647P1 2.993P2 1.522P3 0.086P4-0.ll7P5-1.779P6-1.995P7,据此选出遗传型最佳家系,并分析了综合指数选择法的合理性和有效性．     

蚤数量与宿生数量和气象因子的关系

根据内蒙古自治区鄂托克旗和鄂托克前旗１９７５—１９８９年长爪沙鼠密度、蚤指数监测数据和本地区气象站的７项气象因子资料,分别求出了蚤指数与鼠密度的直线和曲线的回归模型,与气象因子的最优回归子集模型和标准回归模型,给出了鼠蚤因子和气象因子间的典型相关分析。结论：宿主数量变化导致蚤指数变化;气象因子综合影响蚤指数湘对湿度和地表温度是影响蚤数量变动的重要因子;气象因子对蚤指数的影响大于对鼠密度的影响。     

黄土高原典型区植被冗亏

选择了黄土高原中部典型区——泾河流域为研究区域。采用Holdridge潜在蒸发方法计算出了泾河流域的气候干燥度指数,构建了遥感植被指数与气候干燥度指数之间的回归模型。通过该模型反衍出了泾河流域潜在植被指数,提出以该指数为基础的植被冗亏格局的评价新方法。通过该评价方法发现,在泾河流域西北部的大部分子流域的植被冗亏指数小于-0.2,植被亏缺较为严重;在自然环境较差的流域北部,植被冗亏指数介于-0.20到-0.10之间,植被亏缺较轻;而流域东南部山区的大部分子流域的植被冗亏指数介于-0.10到0.10之间,植被亏缺最轻。从植被冗亏的时间尺度上分析,植被亏缺主要发生在植被生长旺盛的6~9月份,其中农田植被亏缺最大,冗亏指数在7月份可达到-0.51;稀疏草原植被亏缺较小,其冗亏指数最小值在-0.18左右;森林植被的冗亏指数接近于0。     

气候和放牧对锡林郭勒地区植被覆盖变化的影响

基于锡林郭勒盟15个气象站点1981-2007年的逐月气温、降水量数据及各旗县的牲畜头数,在ArcGIS软件的支持下,分析气候干燥度和牲畜密度的空间分布,结合1981-2007年的逐旬归一化植被指数（NDVI）数据,对研究区植被覆盖变化的驱动因素进行分析.结果表明： 研究期间,锡林郭勒盟气候干燥度与植被覆盖状况之间存在良好的线性回归关系;NDVI与牲畜密度之间存在良好的二项式回归关系,随着NDVI值的升高,牲畜密度先增加后降低;植被覆盖状况与干燥度和牲畜密度呈复线性相关关系,其中,NDVI与干燥度呈正相关,与牲畜密度呈负相关,且干燥度对NDVI的影响远大于牲畜密度对NDVI的影响.     

1961-2010年陇东参考作物蒸散量时空变化及气候影响因子

基于陇东地区15个气象站点1961-2010年的逐日气象资料,采用气候倾向率、偏相关分析、线性回归分析等方法,结合GIS空间分析技术中的反距离权重法(IDW),对各站不同时间和空间尺度的参考作物蒸散量(ET0)进行定量化分析,并研究其时空变化特征及气候影响因子.结果表明:近50年陇东地区年均ET0呈微弱下降趋势;夏季ET0显著减少,是造成年均ET0下降的主因,春季ET0明显增加,秋、冬季变化趋势不明显;各站点月均ET0变化趋势呈一致的单峰型;本区北部和中部年均ET0较大,西部较小;春季大部分地区ET0呈增加趋势,夏季全区ET0呈减少趋势,秋、冬季各站变化趋势不明显;ET0的变化与相对湿度和降水量呈负相关,与温度、日照时数和风速呈显著正相关;日照时数、风速和相对湿度为影响本区ET0的主要气象因子.     

气候和放牧对锡林郭勒地区植被覆盖变化的影响

基于锡林郭勒盟15个气象站点1981-2007年的逐月气温、降水量数据及各旗县的牲畜头数,在ArcGIS软件的支持下,分析气候干燥度和牲畜密度的空间分布,结合1981-2007年的逐旬归一化植被指数(NDVI)数据,对研究区植被覆盖变化的驱动因素进行分析.结果表明:研究期间,锡林郭勒盟气候干燥度与植被覆盖状况之间存在良好的线性回归关系;NDVI与牲畜密度之间存在良好的二项式回归关系,随着NDVI值的升高,牲畜密度先增加后降低;植被覆盖状况与干燥度和牲畜密度呈复线性相关关系,其中,NDVI与干燥度呈正相关,与牲畜密度呈负相关,且干燥度对NDVI的影响远大于牲畜密度对NDVI的影响.     

壳聚糖酶的克隆表达与壳寡糖的制备分析

目的:克隆壳聚糖酶基因于大肠杆菌中实现高表达,制备壳寡糖。方法:以枯草芽孢杆菌总DNA为模板扩增壳聚糖酶基因(CSN),克隆至载体pET23a(+)上,转化菌株BL21(DE3)。重组子经0.5 mmol/L IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE和质谱检测与鉴定重组酶。酶纯化后水解壳聚糖,薄层色谱分析其水解产物。结果:质谱证明壳聚糖酶(31.5kDa)成功表达,表达量占菌体总蛋白的45%左右。纯化后重组酶浓度为900 mg/L,纯度95%、回收率85%,酶活力为10 000 U/mg。壳聚糖降解产物为壳二糖至壳四糖。结论:原核表达载体pET23a(+)-CSN构建正确,壳聚糖酶表达量与活性高,适用于水解壳聚糖制备壳寡糖。     

国内外蝗害治理技术现状与展望

本文首先概述了国内外蝗虫发生与为害的态势,总结了现阶段我国蝗虫发生与为害的主要特点:即农田飞蝗暴发频繁而且严重,草原土蝗的发生时常造成严重的经济损失,而且侵入城市干扰市民生活,我国与周边国家之间蝗虫过境迁移频繁,使用化学农药污染环境和农产品;分析了国内外蝗虫防治对策与技术的发展现状,重点介绍了应急防治和可持续治理对策、...     

Molecular characterisation of species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia and assessment of zoonotic transmission

The molecular characterisation of species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia is essential for accurately identifying organisms and assessing zoonotic transmission. Results of recent molecular epidemiological studies strongly suggest that zoonotic transmission plays an important role in cryptosporidiosis epidemiology. In such cases the most prevalent zoonotic species is Cryptosporidium parvum. Genotyping and subtyping data suggest that zoonotic transmission is not as prevalent in the epidemiology of giardiasis. Molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium and Giardia is a relatively recent application that is evolving as new genes are found that increase the accuracy of identification while discovering a greater diversity of species and yet unnamed taxa within these two important genera. As molecular data accumulate, our understanding of the role of zoonotic transmission in epidemiology and clinical manifestations is becoming clearer.     

Comparison of BMI and percentage of body fat of Indian and German children and adolescents

Today, serious health problems as overweight and obesity are not just constricted to the developed world, but also increase in the developing countries (Prentice 2006, Ramachandram et al. 2002). Focusing on this issue, BMI and percentage of body fat were compared in 2094 schoolchildren from two cross-sectional studies from India and Germany investigated in 2008 and 2009. The German children are in all age groups significantly taller, whereas the Indian children show higher values in BMI (e.g. 12 years: Indian: around 22 kg/m2; German: around 19 kg/m2) and in the percentage of body fat (e.g. 12 years: Indian: around 27%; German: around 18-20%) in most of the investigated age groups. The Indian children have significantly higher BMI between 10 and 13 (boys) respectively 14 years (girls). Indian children showed significant higher percentage of body fat between 10 and 15 years (boys) and between 8 and 16 years (girls). The difference in overweight between Indian and German children was strongest at 11 (boys) and 12 (girls) years: 70% of the Indian but 20% of the German children were classified as overweight. In countries such as India that undergo nutritional transition, a rapid increase in obesity and overweight is observed. In contrast to the industrialized countries, the risk of overweight in developing countries is associated with high socioeconomic status. Other reasons of the rapid increase of overweight in the developing countries caused by different environmental or genetic factors are discussed.     

Carnitine and creatine content of tissues of normal and alloxan-diabetic sheep and rats

The concentration of carnitine in liver increased 28-fold and urinary carnitine excretion 5-fold in alloxan-diabetic sheep. In contrast there were no similar increases in alloxan-diabetic rats. The creatine content of liver decreased 3-fold and creatine excretion decreased 2-fold in diabetic sheep. In contrast the creatine content of liver increased nearly 4-fold in diabetic rats with no change in creatine excretion. The marked increased in production of carnitine by the liver of the diabetic sheep appears possible because of decreased production and excretion of creatine.     

Coiled-coil nanomechanics and uncoiling and unfolding of the superhelix and alpha-helices of myosin

The nanomechanical properties of the coiled-coils of myosin are fundamentally important in understanding muscle assembly and contraction. Force spectra of single molecules of double-headed myosin, single-headed myosin, and coiled-coil tail fragments were acquired with an atomic force microscope and displayed characteristic triphasic force-distance responses to stretch: a rise phase (R) and a plateau phase (P) and an exponential phase (E). The R and P phases arise mainly from the stretching of the coiled-coils, with the hinge region being the main contributor to the rise phase at low force. Only the E phase was analyzable by the worm-like chain model of polymer elasticity. Restrained molecular mechanics simulations on an existing x-ray structure of scallop S2 yielded force spectra with either two or three phases, depending on the mode of stretch. It revealed that coiled-coil chains separate completely near the end of the P phase and the stretching of the unfolded chains gives rise to the E phase. Extensive conformational searching yielded a P phase force near 40 pN that agreed well with the experimental value. We suggest that the flexible and elastic S2 region, particularly the hinge region, may undergo force-induced unfolding and extend reversibly during actomyosin powerstroke.     

Synthesis and turnover of cerebrosides and phosphatidylserine of myelin and microsomal fractions of adult and developing rat brain.

The synthesis and turnover of cerebrosides and phospholipids was followed in microsomal and myelin fractions of developing and adult rat brains after an intracerebral injection of [U-14C]serine. The kinetics of incorporation of radioactivity into microsomal and myelin cerebrosides indicate the possibility of a precursor-product relationship between cerebrosides of these membranes. The specific radioactivity of myelin cerebrosides was corrected for the deposition of newly formed cerebrosides in myelin. Multiphasic curves were obtained for the decline in specific radioactivity of myelin and microsomal cerebrosides, suggesting different cerebroside pools in these membranes. The half-life of the fast turning-over pool of cerebrosides of myelin was 7 and 22 days for the developing and adult rat brain respectively. The half-life of the slowly turning-over pool of myelin cerebrosides was about 145 days for both groups of animals. The half-life of the rapidly turning-over microsomal cerebrosides was calculated to be 20 and 40 h for the developing and adult animals respectively. The half-life of the intermediate and slowly turning-over microsomal cerebrosides was 11 and 60 days respectively, for both groups of animals. The amount of incorporation of radioactivity into microsomal cerebrosides from L-serine was greatly decreased in the adult animals, and greater amounts of the precursor were directed towards the synthesis of phosphatidylserine. In the developing animals, considerable amounts of cerebrosides were synthesized from L-serine, besides phosphatidylserine. The time-course of incorporation indicated that a precursor-product relationship exists between microsomal and myelin phosphatidylserine. The half-life of microsomal phosphatidylserine was calculated to be about 8 h for the fast turning-over pool in both groups of animals.