一株种间融合的三倍体杂种酵母减数分裂产物的遗传学分析

通过原生质体融合技术将二倍体酿酒酵母（Ｓａｃｃｈａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓｃｅｒｅｖｉｓｉａｅｖａｒ．ｅｌｌｏｐｓｉｏｄｅｕｓ）与单倍体糖化酵母（Ｓａｃｃｈａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓｄｉａｓｔａｔｉｃｕｓ）构建成遗传上稳定的种间三倍体融合杂种。实验结果表明,这种融合杂种象有性杂种一样能诱导产孢;对其完整和非完整四分子的遗传分析,证明了通过遗传标记互补选择法获得的种间三倍体融合杂种ＨＵ－ＫＤＦ－２４０在产孢过程中,标记基因发生了分离和交换,出现了亲二型和重组类型;四分子对可溶性淀粉的发酵和不发酵分离比为１∶２,而原养型与营养缺陷型的分离比是１∶１。     

清酒酵母与酿酒醇母原生质体融合的研究

清酒酵母（ＳａｃｃｈａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓｓａｋｅＹａｂｅ）是日本清酒的生产菌株．耐酒精能力强;Ｋ氏酿酒酵母（ＳａｃｃｈａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓｃｅｒｅｖｉｓｉａｅＫ）是酒精生产的常用菌株,发酵力强。本文应用原生质体融合技术进行了二菌株原生质体融合的研究。通过硫酸二乙酯（ＤＥＳ）诱变得到营养缺隐型菌株Ｑ（ａｒｇ－）和Ｋ（ｌｙｓ－,ρ－）,其融合率为１．２５×１０－５。检出的融合子其酒精发酵特性、细胞形态、体积大小都不同于双亲菌株。比较了在２８℃培养条件下,出发余株清酒酵母,Ｋ氏酿酒酵母和融合子Ｆ１、Ｆ２的发酵速度曲线、乙醇产量和酒精耐量等,得到一株在２８℃培养条件下,乙醇产量为７．４％（Ｖ／Ｖ）,酒精耐量为１５％的融合株Ｆ１。     

酵母属间原生质体融合改进菌株木糖发酵性能

通过单倍体分离和紫外诱变,获得了１４株树干毕赤酵母（Ｐｉｃｈｉａｓｔｉｐｉｔｉｓ）７１２４和酿酒酵母（Ｓａｃｈａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓｃｅｒｅｖｉｓｉａｅ）１３００的营养缺陷型突变株。用聚乙二醇（ＰＥＧ）和电诱导融合及致死融合等方法,实现了树干毕赤酵母和酿酒酵母的属间原生质体融合。融合子能发酵木糖产生酒精,其厌氧发酵木糖和木糖葡萄糖混合液的能力明显优于亲株,耐酒精的性能也比亲株树干毕赤酵母７１２４有所提高。融合子经ＤＮＡ含量、细胞体积测定和稳定性能实验证明为稳定融合子。     

耐温酵母与酿酒酵母的属间融合及融合株的高温乙醇发酵

利用原生质体融合技术进行耐温的克鲁维酵母（Ｋｌｕｙｖｅｒｏｍｙｃｅｓ Ｙ０３４）与酿酒酵母（Ｓａｃｃｈａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓ ｃｅｒｅｕｉｓｉａｅ Ａ００１） 的属间融合,获得属间隔合子ＡＹ０６８。该融合株在４５℃下进行高温乙酵发酵,结果表明融合株表达了双亲耐温和产酒率高的特性。通过正交试验优化培养基成分,表明蛋东用量对菌体热抗性差异显著。比较了不同温度条件下,菌体生物量、糖利用率、ｐＨ因素与酒精产率的     

外源钙调素对粟酒裂殖酵母细胞增殖的影响

外源钙调素（ＣａＭ）对粟酒裂殖酵母（Ｓｃｈｉｚｏｓａｃｃｈａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓ ｐｏｍｂｅ）细胞增殖的影响。实验结果表明外源ＣａＭ能明显抑制粟酒裂殖酵母细胞的增殖,其作用方式是延长了粟酒裂殖酵母细胞生长的延滞期,抗粟酒裂殖酵母ＣａＭ抗体,ＴＦＰ及Ｐｈｅｎｙｌ－ＳｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅＣＬ－４Ｂ能降低ＣａＭ对细胞生长的抑制作用,而Ｃａ＾２＋及Ｃａ＾２＋螯合剂ＥＧＴＡ对ＣａＭ的抑制作用均无影响。以上结果提示,外     

黑木耳电泳核型分析

采用等高锁状均质电场（ＣＨＥＦ）凝胶电泳技术,对黑木耳（Ａｕｒｉｃｕｌａｒｉａ ａｕｒｉｃｕｌａ）电泳核型进行分析,以酿酒酵母（Ｓａｃｃｈａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓ ｃｅｒｅｖｉｓｉａｅ）菌株ＹＰＨ７５５和粟酒裂殖酵母（Ｓｃｈｉｚｏｓａｃｃｈａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓ ｐｏｍｂｅ）菌株ＡＳ２．２１４的染色体ＤＮＡ大小作为分子量标记,估计黑木耳基因组中至少包含９条ＤＮＡ分子量在８５０ｋｂ至５８００ｋｂ之间的染色体,     

干旱诱导性启动子驱动的海藻糖—6—磷酸合酶基因载体的构建及转？…

通过ＰＣＲ程序克隆拟南芥（Ａｒａｂｉｄｏｐｓｉｓ ｔｈａｌｉａｎａ（Ｌ．）Ｈｅｙｎｈ．）的干旱诱导性启动子Ｐｒｄ２９Ａ及来自酿酒酵母（Ｓａｃｃｈａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓ ｃｅｒｅｖｉｓｉａｅ Ｈａｎｓｅｎ）的海藻糖－６－磷酸合酶基因（ＴＰＳ）,并将它们组成可在植物中表达的载体ＲＴ。通过根癌土壤杆菌（Ａｇｒｏａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍ ｔｕｎｅｆａｃｉｅｎｓ（Ｓｍｉｔｈ ｅｔ Ｔｏｗｎｓｅｎｄ）Ｃｏｎｎ）ＬＢＡ４４０     

蛋白质的磷酸化作用和泛肽化降解作用与芽殖酵母细胞周期的调控

在芽殖酵母（Ｓａｃｃｈａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓｃｅｒｅｖｉｓｉａｅ）细胞中,Ｇ１期的三种ｃｙｃｌｉｎｓ和Ｓ、Ｍ期的五种ｃｙｃｌｉｎｓ之周期性的合成和分解调节着Ｃｄｃ２８的活性,驱动细胞周期的正常运转。除了ＣＤＫ的磷酸化作用外,蛋白质的泛肽化降解作用间接或直接调控细胞周期：ＣＤＣ３４泛肽化途径通过降解Ｃｄｃ２８的专一抑制子而起始ＤＮＡ复制;ＡＰＣ泛肽化途径通过降解Ｍ期后期的抑制子和Ｍ期ｃｙｃｌｉｎｓ,使姐妹染色体分离和Ｍ期终止。     

多菌种混合发酵无醇饮料的研究

以大麦芽、大麦和大米为主料,优质红茶为辅料,依据微生物生理代谢与生态的基本原理,选择了三个菌种混合发酵,开发了一种新型发酵无醇饮料。采用的三个菌种是：酵母菌（Ｓａｃｃｈａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓｃｅｒｉｖｉｓｉａｅ）,嗜酸乳酸菌（Ｌａｃｔｏｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓａｃｉｄｏｐｈｉｌｕｓ）,弱氧化醋酸单胞菌（Ａｃｅｔｏｍｏｎａｓｓｕｂｏｘｙｄａｎｓ）。将上述菌种按一定比例（１：１：２）接种,接种总量为发酵基质的１０％,控制发酵温度２０－２５℃,发酵时间５天,即可制成风格独特、口味纯正的新型发酵无醇饮料（含醇量＜１％）。     

酿酒酵母属的分类学研究进展

由于酵母菌的巨大经济价值,国内外对这类微生物从基础到应用各方面的研究一直都非常活跃,而其中最基础的学科,酵母菌分类学,亦经历了巨大变化。了解当前最具有经济重要性的酿酒酵母菌的属种概念及其分类方法,无疑对更好地掌握和利用这类酵母菌具有重要意义。１酿酒酵母属的建立及其早期分类学研究 酿酒酵母属（Ｓａｃｃｈａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓ　Ｍｅｙｅｎ　ｅｘ　Ｒｅｅｓｓ）的分类学研究历史可追溯到一个半世纪以前,Ｍｅｙｅｎ于１８３８年首次提出了Ｓａｃｃｈａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓ这一属名,并将啤酒酵母命名为Ｓａｃｃｈａｒｏｍｙｃｅ…     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.