藕莲根状茎表面的铁膜特性和成分分析

以10个藕莲(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.)品种为材料,比较分析了其根状茎表面的铁膜厚度及化学组成。结果显示:总Fe含量最高的是‘尖头白荷’,其次是‘鄂莲6号’和‘温州山东藕’,最低的是‘鄂莲7号’和‘苏州花藕’;根状茎表面的铁膜中Fe(Ⅲ)和Fe(Ⅱ)分别占总Fe含量的64.1%~85.8%和14.2%~35.9%。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察发现,铁膜表面呈絮状或颗粒状;能谱分析(EDX)检测到铁膜中存在Fe、C、O、Al、Si,随着铁膜增厚还在‘尖头白荷’根状茎表面的铁膜中检测到K、P和Ca。本研究通过对藕莲根状茎表面的铁膜特性及成分比较,发现供试的10个品种中‘鄂莲7号’和‘苏州花藕’属于铁膜低沉积品种。     

藕莲种质资源形态与农艺性状的遗传变异分析(英文)

藕莲是莲(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.ssp.nucifera)的3种类型之一,在我国作为水生蔬菜栽培的历史愈两千年。对国家种质资源圃中来自17个省和直辖市的68份藕莲资源的19个形态和农艺性状进行了观察,并对其遗传变异进行了分析。结果发现整藕重与主藕重、主藕长和第三节粗成极显著正相关。通径分析结果表明主藕重对整藕重的正向效应最高(0.982)。主成分分析结果显示前4个成分占总变异的77.33%。结果还显示对整藕重负效应最高的是主藕重/整藕重(-0.296)。聚类分析发现所有藕莲资源可分为5组。     

茎椰菜试管苗繁殖的初步研究

茎椰菜(Brassia oleracea var.italica)是国际市场上畅销的高级蔬菜。目前,上海地区生产用种都是从国外进口的F_1种子,不能留种应用。在培育我国自己的品种中,为了利用组织培养技术来加快自交系、自交不亲和系的繁殖和进行春季单株留种,同时对大量繁殖F_1试管苗的方法作些探索,进行了茎椰菜试管苗繁殖的初步研究,探索了生长素和细胞分裂素种类、浓度和配比对花器官的愈伤组织分化的影响及加速试管苗繁殖的方法。     

河内蔬菜基地冬季主要蔬菜上昆虫群落组成

应越南国家植物保护研究院的邀请 ,受我国科技部的委派 ,我们于 2 0 0 1年 1 1～ 1 2月赴越进行“小菜蛾化学信息素的分离鉴定及应用研究”。河内地处热带 ,光照充足 ,雨量充沛 ,气候湿润 ,郊区拥有数百平方公里的蔬菜基地 ,种植着各式各样的蔬菜 ,长势旺盛 ,所产各类蔬菜主要用于出口 ,但虫害较重。在进行小菜蛾PlutellaxylostellaL .化学信息素研究[1] 的同时 ,我们对主要蔬菜品种上的昆虫群落的组成及优势种昆虫进行了考查和分析。1　材料与方法选取 1 0多种蔬菜作为调查对象 ,每种蔬菜样地面积≥ 6 6 6× 2m2 ,以五点取样法选取 5个样…     

藕莲种质资源形态与农艺性状的遗传变异分析

藕莲是莲（Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.ssp.nucifera）的3种类型之一,在我国作为水生蔬菜栽培的历史愈两千年。对国家种质资源圃中来自17个省和直辖市的68份藕莲资源的19个形态和农艺性状进行了观察,并对其遗传变异进行了分析。结果发现整藕重与主藕重、主藕长和第三节粗成极显著正相关。通径分析结果表明主藕重对整藕重的正向效应最高（0.982）。主成分分析结果显示前4个成分占总变异的77.33%。结果还显示对整藕重负效应最高的是主藕重/整藕重（-0.296）。聚类分析发现所有藕莲资源可分为5组。     

莲藕主要营养品质和农艺性状的遗传分析

莲藕(NelumbonuciferaGaertn.)原产中国,品种资源丰富,在我国各地均有栽培,特别是黄河以南地区栽培更为广泛。黄国振〔1〕、王宁珠〔2〕等对莲藕细胞学及花莲的部分质量性状进行了遗传研究。武汉市蔬菜科学研究所在藕莲品种的改良中做了大量工作〔3〕,育成新品种8个。但对藕莲主要性状的遗传规律研究国内外未见报道。莲藕繁殖虽为无性繁殖,但可以通过有性杂交育种,实生苗播种后,无性繁殖一代即将性状固定。因此,对主要性状进行遗传分析,对有目的地进行杂交育种有特别重要的意义。为此,我们于1998年对17个藕莲品种的5个营养品质性状、15个农…     

低温等因素对枇杷种质离体保存的影响

初步研究了低温条件下枇杷(Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.)试管苗离体保存的效果.结果表明:在常温(25℃)条件下,枇杷试管苗生长速度快,保存时间短,10个月后全部死亡;而在低温条件下,试管苗生长缓慢,保存时间较长.在11℃和15℃条件下,品种‘解放钟'和‘早钟6号'1 a后的死亡率分别为20%、25%和15%、20%,表明低温有利于枇杷种质资源的离体保存.在试管包扎物的选择中,白纸 塑料薄膜和锡箔纸等材料封口对保存有利,而棉花、软木塞、橡皮塞等封口材料不利于试管苗的保存.     

汞污染对芡实、菱根部过氧化物酶活性的影响

过氧化物酶是植物体内常见的氧化还原酶 ,它可催化有毒物质氧化分解 ,又是一种对环境因子十分敏感的酶 ,环境被污染时 ,其活性和同工酶均发生急剧变化 〔1〕。国内外学者曾对重金属离子污染对植物过氧化物酶活性的影响作过研究〔1～ 3〕,但大多数选用旱生植物作为研究对象。笔者对汞污染造成的芡实、菱根部过氧化物酶活性的动态变化作了初步的研究 ,并进行了比较分析 ,以期为水生经济植物重金属水污染的生理学效应研究增添新的内容。1 　材料与方法1 .1　材料( 1 )实验材料 :芡实 ( Eurysle ferox Salisb)采自苏州市娄葑乡群力村大田和南京…     

水稻试管受精的研究

自从1962年 Kanta 等人首次报道了罂粟(Papaver somniferum)胚珠试管受精研究以来,国外对烟草等的试管受精研究已有很多报道,特别是通过试管受精获得了烟草的远缘杂种。到目前为止,试管受精只有少数植物取得成功。至于水稻的试管受精尚未见有取得成功的报道。材料和方法试验材料用水稻(Oryza sativa L.)秈稻品种“二九青”、“广陆矮四号”(叶片、颖尖无紫色)、“紫稻”(紫色叶片、颖尖紫色)。     

PP333对怀地黄试管苗生长和一些生理指标的影响

针对怀地黄试管苗细弱和移栽成活率较低的问题,本文研究了PP333对其生长发育和一些生理指标的影响.以怀地黄[Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch.f. hueichingensis(Chao et Sbhih)Hsiao]品种"9302"的无菌试管苗为材料,MS为基本培养基并附加不同浓度的PP333(0、0.01、0.05、0.1、2.0 mg·L-1),蔗糖浓度3%,琼脂浓度0.6%,pH5.8～6.2,培养容器为2.5 cm×20 cm的大试管,每个试管装20 mL培养基,加盖封口膜,在1.1kg·cm-2的压力下灭菌20 min.     

美国加州Modesto莲园及其莲花品种介绍

介绍了美国加利福尼亚州Modesto莲园的基本情况和现有的莲花栽培品种名录。     

Efficacy of Multiple Applications of Oxamyl and Phenamiphos for Controlof Pratylenchus penetrans in Birdsfoot Trefoil

Preplant soil applications of granular phenamiphos effectively reduced Pratytenchus penetrans in soil during the seeding year and 1 year after, and in the roots of birdsfoot trefoil 2 years after seeding. Forage yields were increased in the season following application of phenamiphos, but stands of plants/m² were not greater (P = 0.05) than those in the checks 1 and 2 years after treatment. Additional spring applications of phenamiphos 1 and 2 years after seeding further reduced numbers of nematodes in the soil but did not improve forage yields or plant stand over that of a single application. Broadcast preplant soil sprays of oxamyl followed by several foliar sprays at different rates and frequencies of application over a 3-year period restricted populations of P. penetrans in the soil and roots of birdsfoot trefoil but did not consistently result in increased forage yields. Stands of birdsfoot trefoil continued to decline each year even with oxamyl treatments.     

应用SRAP标记对莲藕资源的聚类分析

利用一种新的分子标记SRAP技术对17个莲藕品种进行了DNA多态性分析。选取7对引物扩增基因组DNA,共获得168条带,其中159条为多态性条带,每对引物平均提供24个标记信息。由UPMGA方法得到的聚类分析结果表明了17个品种间的遗传关系:(1)亚洲莲与美洲莲之间有明显的差异;(2)在亚洲莲内部,藕莲和花莲有明显的遗传分化,在花莲内部亚洲莲与美洲莲的杂交后代和其它花莲品种之间存在明显的差异;(3)SRAP标记是作分子图谱的好标记,但很难区分遗传关系较近的品种。     

Establishment of a Lotus japonicus gene tagging population using the exon-targeting endogenous retrotransposon LORE1

We established a gene tagging population of the model legume Lotus japonicus using an endogenous long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposon Lotus Retrotransposon 1 (LORE1). The population was composed of 2450 plant lines, from which a total of 4532 flanking sequence tags of LORE1 were recovered by pyrosequencing. The two-dimensional arrangement of the plant population, together with the use of multiple identifier sequences in the primers used to amplify the flanking regions, made it possible to trace insertions back to the original plant lines. The large-scale detection of new LORE1 insertion sites revealed a preference for genic regions, especially in exons of protein-coding genes, which is an interesting feature to consider in the interaction between host genomes and chromoviruses, to which LORE1 belongs, a class of retrotransposon widely distributed among plants. Forward screening of the symbiotic mutants from the population succeeded to identify five symbiotic mutants of known genes. These data suggest that LORE1 is robust as a genetic tool.     

Chromosomal Variation in Lotus alpinus (Fabaceae)

Abstract An accession of Lotus alpinus Schleich. (2n=2x=12) from Turkey in which B chromosomes have been found was studied morphologically and karyologically. Chromosome numbers were observed in 519 cells from nine plants which all exhibited mixoploidy (2n=11, 12, 12 + 1B, 12 + 2B and over 20). Keel tip color, stem pubescence, and inflorescence size differed from a collection of this species from Switzerland. While the percentage of total lengths of the chromosome complements and the relative chromosome lengths in the two accessions were very similar, the total complement lengths differed considerably (23.14μm Turkey vs. 29.46μm Switzerland). This karyological difference is not considered to be the result of the presence of B chromosomes, but probably the result of hybridization between different genotypes. Aborted seed pods were observed which lent credibility to this hypothesis. Plants of this accession may have arisen as a result of hybridization between Lotus corniculatus and/or L. alpinus as both diploid and tetraploid cytotypes are reported in the Turkey collection for these species. The data would lend support for their hybrid origin.     

荷花分蔤栽培繁殖研究

在正常栽培条件下,钵或缸栽荷花的花期是从6月中旬到8月。但用分蔤栽培繁殖技术,可使花期延长到10月上旬。这是延长花期的一种栽培繁殖方法。本文介绍了这一技术的要点和试验结果。     

Lotus burttii takes a position of the third corner in the lotus molecular genetics triangle.

In order to consolidate molecular genetic system in Lotus japonicus and to further access the biological diversity in Lotea, we introduce here Lotus burttii B-303 derived from West Pakistan as the third crossing partner of the Gifu ecotype (B-129-S9) for a genetic analysis. L. burttii is a relatively small and early flowering plant with non-shattering behavior. The general chromosome morphology is very similar to Gifu, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis revealed that the short arm of chromosome 1 in L. burttii is comparable to that of Gifu, indicating that the translocation event involving chromosomes 1 and 2, which was observed in L. japonicus Miyakojima MG-20, is not present in L. burttii. In addition L. burttii has a higher level of DNA polymorphism compared to Gifu and MG-20 enabling design of codominant markers such as SSR, CAPS and dCAPS. Using an F2 population from a cross between Gifu and L. burttii, codominant makers that co-segregated at the translocation site could be expanded. In order to normalize the genetic background, L. burttii was inbred for nine generations and the germplasm L. burttii B-303-S9 was established.     

百脉根嫁接方法的优化及其在结瘤自调控研究中的应用

嫁接试验是研究结瘤自调控的有效方法。本文优化了百脉根的嫁接方法,并应用该方法初步研究了百脉根突变体rel3根瘤数目减少的机理。结果表明,rel3突变体根瘤数目减少的表型是由来自于茎的信号决定。     

航天诱变百脉根结瘤突变体的筛选

通过返回式卫星搭载,利用太空环境对百脉根(Lotus japonicus)MG-20种子进行诱变。从种植的三代植株中,筛选到多种共生固氮根瘤的突变体,其中不结根瘤突变体18个株系,表现为接种根瘤菌两周后无根瘤形成;结无效根瘤突变体9个株系,表现为根瘤数目少且分布不均匀,根瘤呈白色,有些为半透明;花叶形态异常突变体1个株系,表现为除根瘤数目少外,植株矮小、托叶消失、花形态异常;纤细突变体1个株系,表现为除根瘤数目少外,植株变小、茎细叶小。