β—连接素在膀胱移行细胞癌中表达的意义

目的 探讨β－连接素（β－ctenin）蛋白的表达及其与膀胱移行细胞癌组织学特征和侵袭的关系。方法 采用免疫组化SP法检测46例膀胱移行细胞癌组织中的β－ctenin的表达。结果 正常膀胱粘膜上皮细胞全部表达β－ctenin,膀胱移行细胞癌中β－ctenin的表达率分别是“＋＋＋”为52．1％（24／46）,“＋＋”为32．6％（15／46）,“＋”O 15．2％（7／46）。侵袭型的膀胱移行细胞癌中β－ctenin表达率是“＋＋＋”为11．1％（1／9）,显著低于乳头状型者（P＜0．01）。结论 β－ctenin的表达与膀胱移行细胞组织学特征及侵袭有相关性,可作为判断肿瘤恶笥肿瘤、侵袭、预后的价值指标。     

肿瘤干细胞标记物CD133与miR-429在大肠癌组织中的表达及其相关性研究

目的：检测CD133不同亚群大肠癌细胞HT-29的miR-429表达情况,探讨miR-429及CD133的表达与肿瘤的发生发展之间的关系。方法：采用荧光活化细胞分选法（FACS）分选出CD133不同亚群细胞,实时荧光定量PCR分别检测两组细胞miR-429的表达,合成miR-429寡核苷酸和阴性对照miRNA并分别转染CD133＋和CD133＋两个亚群细胞。再将细胞种植于非肥胖糖尿病／严重联合免疫缺陷（NOD／SCID）小鼠体内构建移植瘤模型,不同时间测量肿瘤体积和重量,RT—PCR及蛋白质印迹检测CD133＋和CD133＋两组肿瘤CD133mRNA和蛋白质表达。结果：血清检出CD133＋细胞为67．9％,miR-429的表达量是CD133＋细胞的（1．83±0．91）倍（P〈0．05）,CD133＋比例与miR-429表达呈负相关（r=0．591,P〈0．05）;miR-429＋／CD133＋组的移植瘤体积及重量与对照组比较有统计学差异（P〈0．05）,且miR-429＋/CD133＋组成瘤时间较对照组晚约2周,但miR-429＋/CD133＋组的移植瘤CD133表达量低,与阴性对照组比较无明显差异（P〉0．05）。结论：miR-429可能作为CD133的负性调控因子,具有抑制肿瘤生长的作用,但miR-429与CD133在肿瘤发生、发展过程中的作用机制有待进一步研究阐明。     

miRNA-155是效应CD8＋ T细胞对病毒感染和癌症产生免疫应答所必需

小分子 RNA（miRNA）能调节多种免疫细胞的功能，但其促进CD8＋ T细胞免疫功能的作用仍未知。该文报道了miRNA-155是CD8＋ T细胞对病毒感染和癌症产生免疫应答所必需。miRNA-155缺失时，在控制急性和慢性病毒感染及病毒复制过程中，效应CD8＋ T细胞聚集显著减少。与此类似，miRNA-155-／-CD8＋ T细胞不能有效控制肿瘤生长，而过表达miRNA-155能增强抗肿瘤反应。miRNA-155缺失导致细胞因子信号转导抑制因子1（SOCS-1）聚集，从而作用于STAT5使炎症信号失活。与预期相符，在CD8＋ T细胞中过表达SOCS-1能模拟miRNA-155的缺失作用，而SOCS-1的沉默干扰能增强对肿瘤的杀伤力。结果提示，miRNA-155及其靶基因SOCS-1作为CD8＋ T细胞的重要调节因子，可用来增强传染性疾病和癌症的免疫调节治疗。     

利用海洋微生物降解有机磷农药MAP的研究

目的分离及筛选降解海水养殖区甲胺磷的降解菌,并确定最适的降解条件。方法从被有机磷污染的海水样中分离,以有机磷为唯一碳源反复驯化,分离筛选出1株高效降解甲胺磷的菌株M-1,并对其降解能力和所需条件进行测试。通过离子交换层析、凝胶过滤层析等方法从发酵液中分离纯化了有机磷农药降解酶。结果初步鉴定菌株M-1属于腊样芽胞杆菌。菌株M-1最适生长温度和pH分别为25℃和8．0。Zn^2＋（200mg／L）、Cd^2＋（50mg／L）与Pb^2＋（200mg／L）不影响菌株M-1对甲胺磷的降解作用,但Cu^2＋（50mg／L）、Cr^2＋（50mg／L）对菌株M-1有毒性作用。SDS-PAGE测得降解菌的有机磷农药降解酶的分子质量约为45kD。结论海洋微生物在甲胺磷污染的海水养殖区自净中起着重要作用。     

桦木酸体内抗肿瘤作用的初步研究

目的研究桦木酸对H22、S180小鼠肿瘤细胞药效学作用及对肿瘤细胞膜Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋-ATP酶活性的影响。方法通过限量实验确定桦木酸的给药剂量。动物随机分为6组,分别为桦木酸500、250、125mg／kg剂量组,阳性对照组给予环磷酰胺（20mg／kg）,模型对照组分别给予相同体积的生理盐水和配药溶剂,灌胃给药。观察生命延长时间与瘤重抑制率;紫外分光光度法测定Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋-ATP酶活性,结果桦木酸使S180荷瘤小鼠肿瘤细胞膜Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋-ATP酶活性提高（P〈0．05）。结论桦木酸抗肿瘤作用机制与其上调肿瘤细胞膜p53蛋白的表达,改变肿瘤细胞膜Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋-ATP酶活性有关。     

CDl33＋／ABCG2＋的人肺癌多耐药性肿瘤细胞亚群的分离及鉴定

肿瘤干细胞的多耐药性是导致肿瘤化疗失败的重要因素之一。因此,鉴定和明确耐药性肺癌干细胞亚群（cancer stem-cell subpopulations）的特征和机制是当前的热点。该研究从肺癌病人的肿瘤组织中分离出一个高表达CDl33和ABCG2蛋白的细胞亚群。发现该CDl33＋／ABCG2＋肺癌细胞高表达干细胞的生物标志,如：Nanog、Oct4、Sox2、Nestin、CD44、CDll7、CDl33和ABCG2等。不仅如此,这群细胞在体外具有高增殖性和高侵袈性,对于多种常用的化疗药物（如：顺铂和吉西他滨等）都具有耐受性。而且,少量的CDl33＋／ABCG2＋肺癌细胞即可以在免疫缺陷小鼠体内形成肿瘤。为了研究耐药性机制,我们检测了CDl33＋／ABCG2＋中ABCG2基因启动子区域的cpG岛（cpGislands）DNA甲基化修饰状态。实验结果表日月,该细胞中,ABCG2基因启动子区域的cpG岛处于去甲基化修饰状态。综上所述,作者成功地从肺癌病人肿瘤组织中分离、富集得到了CDl33＋／ABCG2＋细胞亚群,并利用该群细胞在体外建立了肿瘤耐药性研究模型。对于肺癌CDl33＋／ABCG2＋细胞的研究可为开发肺癌个体化治疗和新型化疗药物的设计和研发提供理论依据．     

磷脂爬行酶1

磷脂爬行酶1（phospholipid scramblase 1,PLSCRI）属于Ca^2＋结合的棕榈酰化Ⅱ型膜蛋白,而非棕榈酰化的PLSCR1蛋白可定位于细胞核内,并与基因组DNA序列结合。最初的研究显示,PLSCR1参与细胞膜磷脂跨膜活动。随后的研究发现多种细胞因子如干扰素、表皮生长因子等和白血病细胞分化诱导剂如全反式维甲酸（all-trans retinoic acid,ATRA）、佛波酯（phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate,PMA）等也能够调节PLSCR1的表达。尤其重要的是,PLSCR1蛋白可与多种蛋白如c-Ab1、EGFR、c-Src、PKCδ和onzin等相互作用,提示PLSCR1在细胞信号传递中的作用。越来越多的证据表明PLSCR1的确参与细胞生长、分化、凋亡过程,并可能与肿瘤尤其与白血病发病学存在关系。     

柯萨奇病毒性心肌炎中γδT细胞的作用

心肌炎是一种由不同免疫病理发病机制引起组织损伤的复杂疾病。在某些但不是全部病例中,自身免疫性是主要的致病因素。病毒和肌球蛋白表位间的交叉反应性可以决定心肌炎中的体液和细胞自身免疫性。因此,宿主以及病毒的遗传学决定疾病的致病性。以γδ^＋T细胞为代表的天然免疫在决定疾病的易患性上至关重要。天然效应分子能很快地定位于感染的心肌,并可通过释放γ干扰素（Vγ4^＋细胞;BALB／c小鼠）或白细胞介素4（Vγ1^＋细胞;C5781／6小鼠）分别以卟l或Th2应答方式调节正在发生的获得性免疫应答。BALB／c小鼠中的Vγ^＋细胞能识别类似主要组织相容性复合物Ⅰ类抗原CD1d。Vγ^＋细胞的配体不明。只有在感染的肌细胞中方可见CD1d的上调,这时感染（双链RNA）和肿瘤坏死因子α都是需要的。     

建立适用于旋毛虫抗肿瘤相关基因筛选的动物模型

目的为利用抑制消减杂交（SSH）法筛选旋毛虫抗肿瘤相关基因,建立理想的动物模型获取可靠的实验样本。方法Balb／c小鼠随机分为检测组（Tester）和驱动组（Driver）,Tester为经口服感染旋毛虫250条、400条和550条组,Driver为不接种组,在感染后11d,两组同时在皮下分别接种SP^2/0细胞2×10^6个,只,检测组和驱动组小鼠荷瘤后,于20d后处死,采集两组肿瘤组织和脾脏组织,用天平称量肿瘤块的重量,游标卡尺测量肿瘤块3个互相垂直直径进行体积比较;为了检测两组小鼠免疫情况,又采用流式细胞术检测体内T淋巴细胞的动态变化,以便评估所需样本的可靠性。结果将肿瘤组织与正常组织分离后,经统计分析比较两组肿瘤块重量和体积大小的差异均极为显著（P〈0．01）通过检测T淋巴细胞亚类,FACS共检测1×10^5个细胞,分别得到脾细胞中CD3^＋、CD4^＋和CD8^＋T淋巴细胞的数量,感染组小鼠机体的CD3^＋、CD4^＋、CD8^＋和CD4^＋／CD8^＋显著增高,在接种不同剂量的旋毛虫后荷瘤,小鼠脾脏特异的T淋巴细胞亚类：CD3^＋差异显著（P〈0．05）;CD4^＋差异显著（P〈0．05）;CD8^＋差异显著（P〈0．05）;CD4^＋／CD8^＋差异显著（P〈0．05）。通过以上指标的测定,我们认为所建立的动物模符合SSH的实验要求。结论建立的旋毛虫抗实体瘤动物模型,可用于旋毛虫抗肿瘤差异基因筛选的实验起始材料,为进一步研究旋毛虫抗肿瘤分子机制创造条件。     

Ca^2＋／钙调蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶在细胞增殖中的作用liferation

钙调蛋白（calmodulin,CaM）是Ca^2＋的受体蛋白,活化的CaM经Ca^2＋／CaM依赖性蛋白激酶（Ca^2＋／calmodulin dependent protein kinases,CaMKs）途径,影响细胞的生长和分裂。CaMKs在调节不同组织正常细胞及恶性细胞的细胞周期进程、核转录及信号转导的过程中发挥重要作用,通过不同机制及Ca^2＋／CaM依赖性激酶激酶诱导的相关级联反应影响多种细胞的增殖。对CaMKs主要成员CaM KⅠ、CaM KⅡ、CaM KⅢ、CaM KⅣ的生物学特点以及其在细胞增殖中作用的最新研究进展进行了综述。     

A Conformational Switch in the Scaffolding Protein NHERF1 Controls Autoinhibition and Complex Formation

The mammalian Na⁺/H⁺ exchange regulatory factor 1 (NHERF1) is a multidomain scaffolding protein essential for regulating the intracellular trafficking and macromolecular assembly of transmembrane ion channels and receptors. NHERF1 consists of tandem PDZ-1, PDZ-2 domains that interact with the cytoplasmic domains of membrane proteins and a C-terminal (CT) domain that binds the membrane-cytoskeleton linker protein ezrin. NHERF1 is held in an autoinhibited state through intramolecular interactions between PDZ2 and the CT domain that also includes a C-terminal PDZ-binding motif (-SNL). We have determined the structures of the isolated and tandem PDZ2CT domains by high resolution NMR using small angle x-ray scattering as constraints. The PDZ2CT structure shows weak intramolecular interactions between the largely disordered CT domain and the PDZ ligand binding site. The structure reveals a novel helix-turn-helix subdomain that is allosterically coupled to the putative PDZ2 domain by a network of hydrophobic interactions. This helical subdomain increases both the stability and the binding affinity of the extended PDZ structure. Using NMR and small angle neutron scattering for joint structure refinement, we demonstrate the release of intramolecular domain-domain interactions in PDZ2CT upon binding to ezrin. Based on the structural information, we show that human disease-causing mutations in PDZ2, R153Q and E225K, have significantly reduced protein stability. Loss of NHERF1 expressed in cells could result in failure to assemble membrane complexes that are important for normal physiological functions.     

Roles of NHERF1/EBP50 in cancer

This review summarizes the emerging roles of NHERF1/EBP50 adaptor protein in tumorigenesis. NHERF1/EBP50 (Na(+)/H(+) exchanger regulating factor 1; ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) binding phosphoprotein of 50 kDa) is a PDZ domain-containing protein with physiological localization at the plasma membrane. We discuss in this review the functions of NHERF1/EBP50 as a linker between membrane proteins and the cytoskeleton network, as well as its involvement in different types of cancer, such as breast and liver cancers. Recent evidence obtained from our laboratory and from other groups shows that NHERF1/EBP50 is an important player in cancer progression. It appears that, depending on its subcellular distribution, NHERF1/EBP50 may behave either as a tumor suppressor, when it is localized at the plasma membrane, or as an oncogenic protein, when it is shifted to the cytoplasm. We provide here an overview of the mechanisms by which this adaptor protein controls cell transformation, and propose a model suggesting a dual role of NHERF1/EBP50 in cancer.     

Breast cancer-derived K172N,D301V mutations abolish Na/H exchanger regulatory factor 1 inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling

Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger regulatory factor 1 (NHERF1) is a scaffold protein known to interact with a number of cancer-related proteins. nherf1 Mutations (K172N and D301V) were recently identified in breast cancer cells. To investigate the functional properties of NHERF1, wild-type and cancer-derived nherf1 mutations were stably expressed in SKMES-1 cells respectively. NHERF1-wt overexpression suppressed the cellular malignant phenotypes, including proliferation, migration, and invasion. nherf1 Mutations (K172N and D301V) caused complete or partial loss of NHERF1 functions by affecting the PTEN/NHERF1/PDGFRβ complex formation, inactivating NHERF1 inhibition of PDGF-induced AKT and ERK activation, and attenuating the tumor-suppressor effects of NHERF1-wt. These results further demonstrated the functional consequences of breast cancer-derived nherf1 mutations (K172N and D301V), and suggested the causal role of NHERF1 in tumor development and progression.     

Nuclear NHERF1 expression as a prognostic marker in breast cancer

Our purpose was to investigate whether Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger regulatory factor 1 (NHERF1) expression could be linked to prognosis in invasive breast carcinomas. NHERF1, an ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) binding phosphoprotein 50, is involved in the linkage of integral membrane proteins to the cytoskeleton. It is therefore believed to have an important role in cell signaling associated with changes in cell cytoarchitecture. NHERF1 expression is observed in various types of cancer and is related to tumor aggressiveness. To date the most extensive analyses of the influence of NHERF1 in cancer development have been performed on breast cancer. However, the underlying mechanism and its prognostic significance are still undefined. NHERF1 expression was studied by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a cohort of 222 breast carcinoma patients. Association of cytoplasmic and nuclear NHERF1 expression with survival was analyzed. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were determined based on the Kaplan–Meier method. Cytoplasmic NHERF1 expression was associated with negative progesterone receptor (PgR) (P=0.017) and positive HER2 expression (P=0.023). NHERF1 also showed a nuclear localization and this correlated with small tumor size (P=0.026) and positive estrogen receptor (ER) expression (P=0.010). Multivariate analysis identified large tumor size (P=0.011) and nuclear NHERF1 expression (P=0.049) to be independent prognostic variables for DFS. Moreover, the nuclear NHERF1(−)/ER(−) immunophenotype (27%) was statistically associated with large tumor size (P=0.0276), high histological grade (P=0.0411), PgR-negative tumors (P<0.0001) and high proliferative activity (P=0.0027). These patients had worse DFS compared with patients with nuclear NHERF1(+)/ER(+) tumors (75.4% versus 92.6% P=0.010). These results show that the loss of nuclear NHERF1 expression is associated with reduced survival, and the link between nuclear NHERF1 and ER expression may serve as a prognostic marker for the routine clinical management of breast cancer patients.     

The NHERF1 PDZ2 domain regulates PKA-RhoA-p38-mediated NHE1 activation and invasion in breast tumor cells

Understanding the signal transduction systems governing invasion is fundamental for the design of therapeutic strategies against metastasis. Na(+)/H(+) exchanger regulatory factor (NHERF1) is a postsynaptic density 95/disc-large/zona occludens (PDZ) domain-containing protein that recruits membrane receptors/transporters and cytoplasmic signaling proteins into functional complexes. NHERF1 expression is altered in breast cancer, but its effective role in mammary carcinogenesis remains undefined. We report here that NHERF1 overexpression in human breast tumor biopsies is associated with metastatic progression, poor prognosis, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha expression. In cultured tumor cells, hypoxia and serum deprivation increase NHERF1 expression, promote the formation of leading-edge pseudopodia, and redistribute NHERF1 to these pseudopodia. This pseudopodial localization of NHERF1 was verified in breast biopsies and in three-dimensional Matrigel culture. Furthermore, serum deprivation and hypoxia stimulate the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger, invasion, and activate a protein kinase A (PKA)-gated RhoA/p38 invasion signal module. Significantly, NHERF1 overexpression was sufficient to induce these morphological and functional changes, and it potentiated their induction by serum deprivation. Functional experiments with truncated and binding groove-mutated PDZ domain constructs demonstrated that NHERF1 regulates these processes through its PDZ2 domain. We conclude that NHERF1 overexpression enhances the invasive phenotype in breast cancer cells, both alone and in synergy with exposure to the tumor microenvironment, via the coordination of PKA-gated RhoA/p38 signaling.     

Dynamic Na+-H+ exchanger regulatory factor-1 association and dissociation regulate parathyroid hormone receptor trafficking at membrane microdomains

Na/H exchanger regulatory factor-1 (NHERF1) is a cytoplasmic PDZ (postsynaptic density 95/disc large/zona occludens) protein that assembles macromolecular complexes and determines the localization, trafficking, and signaling of select G protein-coupled receptors and other membrane-delimited proteins. The parathyroid hormone receptor (PTHR), which regulates mineral ion homeostasis and bone turnover, is a G protein-coupled receptor harboring a PDZ-binding motif that enables association with NHERF1 and tethering to the actin cytoskeleton. NHERF1 interactions with the PTHR modify its trafficking and signaling. Here, we characterized by live cell imaging the mechanism whereby NHERF1 coordinates the interactions of multiple proteins, as well as the fate of NHERF1 itself upon receptor activation. Upon PTHR stimulation, NHERF1 rapidly dissociates from the receptor and induces receptor aggregation in long lasting clusters that are enriched with the actin-binding protein ezrin and with clathrin. After NHERF1 dissociates from the PTHR, ezrin then directly interacts with the PTHR to stabilize the PTHR at the cell membrane. Recruitment of β-arrestins to the PTHR is delayed until NHERF1 dissociates from the receptor, which is then trafficked to clathrin for internalization. The ability of NHERF to interact dynamically with the PTHR and cognate adapter proteins regulates receptor trafficking and signaling in a spatially and temporally coordinated manner.     

NHERF1 Between Promises and Hopes: Overview on Cancer and Prospective Openings

Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger regulatory factor 1 (NHERF1) is a scaffold protein, with two tandem PDZ domains and a carboxyl-terminal ezrin-binding (EB) region. This particular sticky structure is responsible for its interaction with different molecules to form multi-complexes that have a pivotal role in a lot of diseases. In particular, its involvement during carcinogenesis and cancer progression has been deeply analyzed in different tumors. The role of NHERF1 is not unique in cancer; its activity is connected to its subcellular localization. The literature data suggest that NHERF1 could be a new prognostic/predictive biomarker from breast cancer to hematological cancers. Furthermore, the high potential of this molecule as therapeutical target in different carcinomas is a new challenge for precision medicine. These evidences are part of a future view to improving patient clinical management, which should allow different tumor phenotypes to be treated with tailored therapies. This article reviews the biology of NHERF1, its engagement in different signal pathways and its involvement in different cancers, with a specific focus on breast cancer. It also considers NHERF1 potential role during inflammation related to most human cancers, designating new perspectives in the study of this “Janus-like” protein.     

The Na(+)/H(+) exchanger regulatory factor 2 mediates phosphorylation of serum- and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase 1 by 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1

The Na(+)/H(+) exchanger regulatory factor 2 (NHERF2/TKA-1/E3KARP) contains two PSD-95/Dlg/ZO-1 (PDZ) domains which interact with the PDZ docking motif (X-(S/T)-X-(V/L)) of proteins to mediate the assembly of transmembrane and cytosolic proteins into functional signal transduction complexes. One of the PDZ domains of NHERF2 interacts specifically with the DSLL, DSFL, and DTRL motifs present at the carboxy-termini of the 2-adrenergic receptor, the platelet-derived growth factor receptor, and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, respectively. Serum- and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase 1 (SGK1) also carries a putative PDZ-binding motif (D-S-F-L) at its carboxy tail, implicated in the specific interaction with NHERF2. There is a 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) interacting fragment (PIF) in the tail of NHERF2. Using pull-down assays and co-transfection experiments, we demonstrated that the DSFL tail of SGK1 interacts with the first PDZ domain of NHERF2 and the PIF of NHERF2 binds to the PIF-binding pocket of PDK1 to form an SGK1-NHERF2-PDK1 complex. Formation of the protein complex promoted the phosphorylation and activation of SGK1 by PDK1. Thus, it was suggested that NHERF2 mediates the activation and phosphorylation of SGK1 by PDK1 through its first PDZ domain and PIF motif, as a novel SGK1 activation mechanism.     

NHERF2 Protein Mobility Rate Is Determined by a Unique C-terminal Domain That Is Also Necessary for Its Regulation of NHE3 Protein in OK Cells

Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger regulatory factor (NHERF) proteins are a family of PSD-95/Discs-large/ZO-1 (PDZ)-scaffolding proteins, three of which (NHERFs 1-3) are localized to the brush border in kidney and intestinal epithelial cells. All NHERF proteins are involved in anchoring membrane proteins that contain PDZ recognition motifs to form multiprotein signaling complexes. In contrast to their predicted immobility, NHERF1, NHERF2, and NHERF3 were all shown by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching/confocal microscopy to be surprisingly mobile in the microvilli of the renal proximal tubule OK cell line. Their diffusion coefficients, although different among the three, were all of the same magnitude as that of the transmembrane proteins, suggesting they are all anchored in the microvilli but to different extents. NHERF3 moves faster than NHERF1, and NHERF2 moves the slowest. Several chimeras and mutants of NHERF1 and NHERF2 were made to determine which part of NHERF2 confers the slower mobility rate. Surprisingly, the slower mobility rate of NHERF2 was determined by a unique C-terminal domain, which includes a nonconserved region along with the ezrin, radixin, moesin (ERM) binding domain. Also, this C-terminal domain of NHERF2 determined its greater detergent insolubility and was necessary for the formation of larger multiprotein NHERF2 complexes. In addition, this NHERF2 domain was functionally significant in NHE3 regulation, being necessary for stimulation by lysophosphatidic acid of activity and increased mobility of NHE3, as well as necessary for inhibition of NHE3 activity by calcium ionophore 4-Br-{"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"A23187","term_id":"833253","term_text":"A23187"}}A23187. Thus, multiple functions of NHERF2 require involvement of an additional domain in this protein.     

白细胞介素-2联合环磷酰胺对乳腺癌荷瘤小鼠调节性T细胞的影响

目的：调节性T细胞（Regulatory T cells,Treg）被认为能够抑制抗肿瘤免疫反应,从而促进肿瘤生长。环磷酰胺（Cyclophosphamide,CTX）是个常规化疗药物,现在更多的注意力集中在其小剂量应用时可以删除Treg。了解小剂量环磷酰胺联合白细胞介素-2（Interleukin-2,IL-2）对4T1Balb/c乳腺癌荷瘤小鼠调节性T细胞的影响及其抗肿瘤效果。方法：通过皮下接种4T1乳腺癌细胞建立乳腺癌Balb/c荷瘤小鼠模型;20只荷瘤小鼠随机分为IL-2＋NS组、PBS＋CTX组、IL-2＋CTX组及PBS＋NS组,在种瘤第10天开始对荷瘤小鼠分别经腹腔按方案给药。在种瘤后第16天人道处死小鼠,采用流式细胞术检测小鼠脾脏中CD4＋CD25＋调节性T细胞数量,应用ELISA法检测血清干扰素-γ浓度,电子称称量肿瘤重量。结果：与对照组相比,在应用IL-2后,荷瘤小鼠脾脏CD4＋CD25＋/CD4＋比值增加,在应用IL-2的同时使用小剂量CTX可减少CD4＋CD25＋/CD4＋的比值;单次及联合用药均可提高血清INF-γ浓度;联合用药可减少肿瘤重量。结论：小剂量CTX可以减少由使用IL-2所增加的Treg数量,促进抗肿瘤免疫,提高IL-2的抗瘤效果,从而抑制肿瘤生长。该研究可能为乳腺癌的临床治疗提供一种有效的方法。