MRP在胰腺癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的：了解MRP蛋白在胰腺癌组织中的表达情况,并探讨其临床意义。方法：应用免疫组织化学法检测72例胰腺癌组织,10例正常胰腺组织中MRP蛋白的表达,并分析其与临床病理学特征及预后的关系。结果：MRP蛋白在胰腺癌组织中的阳性表达率为91．7％,明显高于其在正常胰腺组织中的表达（p〈0．05）。胰腺癌组织中的MRP蛋白高表达与病理学分级低显著相关（p=0．031）,亦与年龄有关（p〈0．05）,而与肿瘤生长部位、肿瘤大小、淋巴结有无转移、临床分期及神经有无浸润无显著相关性（p〉0．05）。MRP蛋白高表达者的中位生存期明显长于低表达者（21．7个月vs11．1个月,p=0．040）。结论：胰腺癌组织中MRP蛋白的高表达与胰腺癌术后的预后好相关,检测胰腺癌中MRP蛋白的表达具有重要的临床意义。     

CD133在胰腺癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨CD133在胰腺癌中的表达及其与临床病理特征和预后的关系.方法:采用免疫组织化学方法,检测71例胰腺癌和10例正常胰腺组织中CD133的表达.分析CD133在胰腺癌中的表达与临床病理特征和预后之间的相关性.结果:CD133在胰腺癌中的表达的阳性率64.79%明显高于正常胰腺组织中的10%.胰腺癌中CD133的表达率随着临床TNM分期的增加而明显增高(P＜0.05).胰腺癌中CD133的表达率在有淋巴结转移中为71.4%(20/28)明显高于无淋巴结转移中的23.3%(10/43)(P＜0.05).CD133的表达与年龄、性别、肿瘤部位、肿瘤大小、神经浸润、切缘、病理学分级无显著相关性(P＞0.05).CD133高表达者的中位生存期明显短于低表达者(9.1个月vs 23.9个月,P＜0.05).结论:胰腺癌中CD133的高表达与TNM分期高及淋巴结转移有关.CD133高表达与胰腺癌预后差有关.CD133在胰腺癌的发展、转移及预后中可能发挥重要作用,可作为临床评价胰腺癌生物学行为及评估预后的指标之一.     

Notch受体在胰腺癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的:探讨胰腺癌及癌旁组织中Notch1～4蛋白和mRNA表达及临床意义。方法:应用免疫组化方法检测40例胰腺癌组织及对应的癌旁组织石蜡标本中Notch1～4蛋白的表达情况;分析Notch1～4受体表达水平与胰腺癌临床病理特征关系;应用实时逆转录聚合酶链反应(Real-time RT PCR)检测冰冻胰腺癌组织及对应的癌旁组织手术标本中Notch1～4的mRNA表达情况。结果:免疫组化结果显示:Notch1、Notch2在胰腺癌组织中蛋白表达明显比胰腺癌旁组织低(P0.05);Notch3在胰腺癌组织中蛋白表达比胰腺癌旁组织高,但是差异无统计学意义(P0.05);Notch4在胰腺癌组织中蛋白表达比胰腺癌旁组织高(P0.05)。Notch1～4受体的表达与肿瘤分化程度和临床分期呈负相关(P0.05)。Real-time RT PCR结果显示:与胰腺癌旁组织相比,癌组织中Notch1,Notch2的mRNA相对表达水平显著下调;胰腺癌癌组织中Notch3,Notch4的mRNA相对表达水平显著上调。结论:Notch家族的Notch1～4受体在胰腺癌组织及其旁组织的蛋白和mRNA表达不同,Notch蛋白表达可以作为胰腺癌的风险预测因子。     

KLK11对胃癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响及预后分析

[目的]探索KLK11对胃癌细胞SGC7901的增殖、迁移、侵袭的影响，及KLK11与胃癌预后的关系。[方法]采用QRT-PCR检测24例胃癌组织和配对癌旁组织中KLK11 mRNA的表达。37℃、5%CO₂培养不同胃癌细胞株(GES-1、AGS、HGC-27、SCG7901),采用Lipofectamine2000转染试剂转染pcDNA3.1-KLK11质粒至不同胃癌细胞株，通过Western Blotting检测KLK11蛋白在不同胃癌细胞株中的不同表达水平，选择SGC7901细胞株继续后续实验。通过CCK-8实验和克隆形成实验检测KLK11过表达细胞株SGC7901的增殖情况，采用transwell实验检测过表达KLK11对SGC7901细胞迁移侵袭的影响。通过Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析TCGA数据库中KLK11 mRNA表达水平与胃癌预后的关系。[结果]KLK11 mRNA在胃癌组织中表达水平明显低于癌旁组织组，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。过表达组KLK11表达高于空白组和对照组，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。过表达组增殖、...     

miR-451a促进胰腺癌细胞对吉西他滨的敏感性

目的:探究miR-451a在胰腺癌吉西他滨耐药中的功能。方法:通过低浓度梯度递增法建立胰腺癌吉西他滨耐药细胞株,microRNA(miRNA)测序筛选耐药相关miRNA;细胞存活曲线、克隆形成实验及流式凋亡实验分析miR-451a对胰腺癌细胞耐药的影响;裸鼠成瘤实验检测在动物体内模型中miR-451a对胰腺癌吉西他滨耐药的调控作用;调取TCGA数据分析miR-451a表达水平与胰腺癌病人预后的相关性。结果:胰腺癌吉西他滨耐药细胞株中miR-451a表达水平明显下调;miR-451a过表达增加胰腺癌细胞对吉西他滨的敏感性,增强了吉西他滨抑制细胞增殖和诱导细胞凋亡的作用;miR-451a诱导了裸鼠皮下肿瘤对吉西他滨敏感;miR-451a低表达与胰腺癌患者不良预后相关。结论:miR-451a增强了胰腺癌细胞对吉西他滨的敏感性。     

OPCML在胃癌中的表达及对胃癌细胞生物学的作用

目的:探讨OPCML与胃癌临床病理学因素和预后的关系,并分析OPCML基因对胃癌细胞株AGS生物学行为的影响。方法:(1)免疫组织化学方法检测118例胃癌组织中OPCML蛋白的表达,并分析其与胃癌临床病理学特征和预后的关系。(2)RT-PCR法检测OPCML在正常胃粘膜组织及7株人胃癌细胞中基因的表达情况。(3)构建重组质粒pc DNA3.1-OPCML,转染至胃癌细胞株AGS中,采用CCK8法、平板集落形成实验分析OPCML表达上调对AGS生物学行为的影响。结果:(1)OPCML在胃癌组织中低表达的占68.6%,OPCML表达与胃癌浸润深度和分化程度密切相关(P0.05);OPCML的表达、胃癌浸润深度、淋巴结转移和远处转移是影响患者预后生存率的重要因素(P0.05)。(2)OPCML在胃癌细胞的mRNA表达水平显著低于正常胃粘膜组织。(3)RT-PCR显示pc DNA3.1-OPCML转染后AGS细胞株中OPCML mRNA表达水平明显升高,CCK8实验、平板集落形成实验均显示OPCML基因对AGS细胞增殖有显著抑制作用。结论:OPCML在胃癌发病中发挥肿瘤抑制作用,可能是一个新的胃癌预后评估的指标。     

胰腺癌细胞株和胰腺癌组织中miRNAs的表达检测

目的:探明miRNAs在胰腺癌细胞株及组织中的表达情况,证实miRNAs的差异表达与胰腺癌的发生有相关性.方法:对胰腺癌细胞株和胰腺癌组织进行总RNA的提取,通过Real-time PCR方法检测17种miRNAs(miR-16、miR-20a、miR-21、miR-26a、miR-142-3p、miR-155、miR-210、miR-181a、miR-181b、miR-196a、miR-939、miR-223、miR-1202、miR-1207-5p、miR-1825、miR-1228、miR-1915)在胰腺癌细胞株及胰腺癌组织中的表达,分析miRNAs的表达与胰腺癌患者临床表现之间有无相关性.结果:胰腺癌细胞株和胰腺癌组织中miRNAs的表达明显较正常胰腺组织高.癌组织及癌旁组织中miRNAs表达量在不同性别的胰腺癌患者中差异不大(P＞0.05),并且miRNAs的表达与患者年龄及其血清CA19-9关系不大.结论:经筛选的miRNAs可以作为胰腺癌的诊断标志.胰腺癌组织中的miRNAs表达并不是一成不变的,而是随着肿瘤的生长而不断发生变化.     

Nanog 基因在卵巢癌和卵巢肿瘤干细胞中的表达及意义

目的:探讨胚胎干细胞关键因子Nanog基因mRNA及其蛋白在卵巢癌和卵巢癌肿瘤干细胞中的表达及意义。方法:选取10例正常卵巢上皮组织、10例卵巢良性肿瘤及60例卵巢癌组织,采用逆转录酶-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法和免疫组织化学PV-6000两步法检测Nanog mRNA和蛋白表达水平;采用无血清悬浮培养法从SKOV-3卵巢癌细胞株中分离培养肿瘤干细胞,流式细胞术鉴定肿瘤干细胞CD117表达,采用RT-PCR和Western Blot方法检测SKOV-3卵巢癌细胞及肿瘤干细胞中NanogmRNA及其蛋白的表达水平。结果:Nanog mRNA在卵巢癌组织中的表达水平均高于正常卵巢组织和卵巢良性肿瘤组织(P<0.05);Nanog mRNA在不同分化程度及临床分期的卵巢癌组织中表达水平不同,低分化组高于高分化组(P<0.05);III-IV期高于I-II期(P<0.05);免疫组化结果同RT-PCR。从SKOV-3卵巢癌细胞株中成功分离出肿瘤干细胞,SKOV-3卵巢癌细胞和肿瘤干细胞Nanog mRNA相对含量分别为0.6044±0.0368,0.8736±0.0537,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),两种细胞Nanog蛋白相对含量分别为0.6364±0.0169 1.2788±0.0314,差别具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:Nanog基因在卵巢癌组织和SKOV-3细胞系中均高表达,其在组织中的表达强度与临床分期及病理分级关系密切,且在肿瘤干细胞中表达高于一般卵巢癌细胞,其与卵巢癌的发生发展关系密切,可能是卵巢癌干细胞的表面标志物,有望成为新的标志物。     

泛素相关蛋白样因子2在肝癌中的表达及意义

目的:探讨肝癌中泛素相关蛋白样因子2(UBAP2L)的表达水平与预后的关系及其对肝癌细胞侵袭、转移能力的影响。方法:挖掘oncomine数据库,提取UBAP2L在肝癌与正常组织转录水平的变化及相关临床资料,采用Kaplan-Meier法分析UBAP2L表达水平与肝癌患者预后的关系。采用实时定量PCR、Western blot检测HCCLM3、MHCC97H、Hep3B、Huh7肝癌细胞株及正常肝细胞LO2中UBAP2L mRNA及蛋白水平,免疫组织化学染色法检测本院80例肝癌组织与癌旁组织中UBAP2L的表达水平加以验证。通过慢病毒载体使UBAP2L高表达的肝癌细胞株HCCLM3表达下调,采用克隆形成和划痕实验检测UBAP2L对肝癌细胞增殖能力和侵袭、转移的影响。结果:UBAP2L在oncomine数据库大多数队列呈高表达。UBAP2L在肝癌细胞株中的mRNA和蛋白的表达水平显著高于正常肝细胞(P0.05)。肝癌组织中UBAP2L阳性、强阳性表达率高于癌旁组织(P0.05),下调UBAP2L表达可明显抑制HCCLM3肝癌细胞的克隆形成能力和运动能力(P0.05)。UBAP2L高表达组的中位生存时间与UBAP2L低表达组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:UBAP2L在肝癌组织中呈高表达,下调UBAP2L表达可抑制肿瘤增殖和侵袭、转移表型,其可能成为肝癌早期诊断的生物标志物和治疗的潜在靶点。     

基于Oncomine数据库分析COL5A2基因在胰腺癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的:探讨COL5A2基因在胰腺癌中的表达及临床意义。方法:收集Oncomine和NCBI/GEO Profiles数据库中关于COL5A2的信息,对目前数据库中的资料进行二次分析,并对其在胰腺癌组织和正常胰腺组织中的表达进行荟萃分析,利用Kaplan-Meier Plotter数据库分析COL5A2与胰腺癌患者预后的关系。结果:Oncomine数据库中共收集了417项不同类型的研究,其中COL5A2高表达有75项研究,低表达有3项研究。共有7项研究涉及COL5A2在胰腺癌组织与正常组织中的表达,包括178例样本,与正常组织相比,COL5A2在胰腺癌组织中高表达(P0.05)。NCBI/GEO Profiles数据库分析同样发现COL5A2在胰腺癌组织中高表达(P0.05),与达沙替尼(dasatinib)敏感细胞株相比,达沙替尼耐药细胞株中COL5A2表达升高,进一步分析发现TGF-β处理48 h后COL5A2表达升高。Kaplan-Meier Plotter数据库分析表明COL5A2高、低表达组胰腺癌患者的总体生存率(OS)无统计学差异(HR=1.45,95%CI:0.96～2.18,P=0.077),但高表达组胰腺癌患者的无复发生存率(RFS)明显差于低表达组(HR=4.13,95%CI:1.46～11.72,P=0.0045)。结论:基于Oncomine和NCBI/GEO Profiles数据库分析发现COL5A2在胰腺癌组织高表达,且与胰腺癌患者的无复发生存及达沙替尼耐药性密切相关,有望成为胰腺癌诊断和治疗的重要靶标。     

Claudin-18 Is an Early-Stage Marker of Pancreatic Carcinogenesis

Pancreatic ductal neoplasms exhibit gastric epithelium–like characteristics. In this study, we evaluated the expression of claudin-18 (CLDN18), a gastric epithelium–associated claudin, in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanINs), intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs), mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs), and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) using immunohistochemistry. We observed a high level of expression of CLDN18 in PanINs (31/32, 97%), IPMNs (61/65, 95%), and MCNs (4/5, 80%) using ordinary tissue section analysis. Furthermore, we observed a high level of CLDN18 expression in PDACs (109/156, 70%) using tissue microarray analysis. However, the normal pancreatic duct or the ductal metaplasia of the acinar cells was not immunoreactive. Comparative analysis of CLDN18 and phenotypic markers in IPMNs revealed that simultaneous expression of CLDN18 and intestinal markers frequently occurred, even in intestinal-type IPMNs. CLDN18 variant 2 mRNA was expressed and was similarly upregulated by phorbol 12–myristate 13–acetate (PMA) treatment in pancreatic cancer cell lines and in a gastric cancer cell line. An inhibitor of pan-PKC (GF109203X) completely suppressed this upregulation in pancreatic cancer cells. These results indicate that CLDN18, a marker for the early carcinogenetic process, is commonly expressed in precursor lesions of PDAC. Activation of the PKC pathway might be involved in CLDN18 expression associated with pancreatic carcinogenesis.     

Establishment of a Convenient System for the Culture and Study of Perineurium Barrier In Vitro

The perineurium serves as a selective, metabolically active diffusion barrier in the peripheral nervous system, which is composed of perineurial cells joined together by tight junctions (TJs). Not only are these junctions known to play an essential role in maintaining cellular polarity and tissue integrity, but also limit the paracellular diffusion of certain molecules and ions, whereas loss of TJs barrier function is imperative for tumour growth, invasion and metastasis. Hence, a detailed study on the barrier function of perineurial cells may provide insights into the molecular mechanism of perineural invasion (PNI). In this study, we aimed to develop an efficient procedure for the establishment of perineurial cell lines as a tool for investigating the physiology and pathophysiology of the peripheral nerve barriers. Herein, the isolation, expansion, characterization and maintenance of perineurial cell lines under favourable conditions are presented. Furthermore, the analysis of the phenotypic features of these perineurial cells as well as the barrier function for the study of PNI are described. Such techniques may provide a valuable means for the functional and molecular investigation of perineurial cells, and in particular may elucidate the pathogenesis and progression of PNI, and other peripheral nerve disorders.

     

Cold Shock Domain Containing E1 (CSDE1) Protein is Overexpressed and Can be Targeted to Inhibit Invasiveness in Pancreatic Cancer Cells

Pancreatic cancer has a dismal prognosis and to date there are no targeted therapies for this malignancy. Using shotgun proteomics, the mRNA binding protein cold shock domain containing E1 (CSDE1), also called upstream‐of‐N‐Ras, is detected in pancreatic cancer cell lines but not in normal pancreatic epithelial cells. The expression of CSDE1 in pancreatic cancer cells is confirmed by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry of human pancreatic tumors. In vitro functional assays show that siRNA downregulation of CSDE1 or gene knockout using CRISPR‐Cas9 significantly reduce the invasiveness of pancreatic cancer cells. Together, this study reveals that CSDE1 is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer and is a potential therapeutic target to inhibit pancreatic cancer cell invasion.     

CXCL12/CXCR4 facilitates perineural invasion via induction of the Twist/S100A4 axis in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma

The activation of CXCL12/CXCR4 axis participated in the progression of multiple cancers, but potential effect in terms of perineural invasion (PNI) in SACC remained ambiguous. In this study, we identified that CXCL12 substantially expressed in nerve cells. CXCR4 strikingly expressed in tumour cells, and CXCR4 expression was closely associated with the level of EMT-associated proteins and Schwann cell hallmarks at nerve invasion frontier in SACC. Activation of CXCL12/CXCR4 axis could promote PNI and up-regulate relative genes of EMT and Schwann cell hallmarks both in vitro and in vivo, which could be inhibited by Twist silence. After overexpressing S100A4, the impaired PNI ability of SACC cells induced by Twist knockdown was significantly reversed, and pseudo foot was visualized frequently. Collectively, the results indicated that CXCL12/CXCR4 might promote PNI by provoking the tumour cell to differentiate towards Schwann-like cell through Twist/S100A4 axis in SACC.     

Genomic organization of claudin-1 and its assessment in hereditary and sporadic breast cancer

Human claudin-1 is an integral protein component of tight junctions, a structure controlling cell-to-cell adhesion and, consequently, regulating paracellular and transcellular transport of solutes across human epithelia and endothelia. Recently, a claudin-1 (CLDN1) cDNA has been isolated from human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs). CLDN1 expression in HMECs, in contrast to low or undetectable levels of expression in a number of breast tumors and breast cancer cell lines, points to CLDN1 as a possible tumor-suppressor gene. In order to evaluate the CLDN-1 gene in sporadic and hereditary breast cancer, we have characterized its genomic organization and have screened the four coding exons for somatic mutations in 96 sporadic breast carcinomas and for germline mutations in 93 breast cancer patients with a strong family history of breast cancer. In addition, we have compared the 5'-upstream sequences of the human and murine CLDN1 genes to identify putative promoter sequences and have examined both the promoter and coding regions of the human gene in the breast cancer cell lines showing decreased CLDN1 expression. In the sporadic tumors and hereditary breast cancer patients, we have found no evidence to support the involvement of aberrant CLDN1 in breast tumorigenesis. Likewise, in the breast cancer cell lines, no genetic alterations in the promoter or coding sequences have been identified that would explain the loss of CLDN1 expression. Other regulatory or epigenetic factors may be involved in the down-regulation of this gene during breast cancer development.     

Role of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in perineural invasion of pancreatic cancer

Perineural invasion (PNI) is the initial infiltration of tumor cells into the retroperitoneal nerve plexus and along the nerves. It precludes curative resection, is thought to be the major cause of local recurrence following resection, and is a special metastatic route in pancreatic cancer. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) was recently recognized as a key player in the PNI process. This review covers the most recently published studies on the role of GDNF in pancreatic cancer. We introduce the players in PNI, summarize the distribution of GDNF and its receptors in pancreatic cancer, and discuss the effects and underlying mechanism of GDNF in the PNI process. Finally, we also review some potential inhibitors for GDNF-targeted therapy.     

RhoT1 and Smad4 Are Correlated with Lymph Node Metastasis and Overall Survival in Pancreatic Cancer

Cancer cell invasion and metastasis are the most important adverse prognostic factors for pancreatic cancer. Identification of biomarkers associated with outcome of pancreatic cancer may provide new approaches and targets for anticancer therapy. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the expression of RhoT1, Smad4 and p16 and metastasis and survival in patients with pancreatic cancer. The analysis showed that the high cytoplasmic expression levels of RhoT1, Smad4 and p16 in pancreatic cancer tissues had significantly negative correlation with lymph node metastasis (LNM) (P = 0.017, P = 0.032, P = 0.042, respectively). However, no significant association was observed between perineural invasion (PNI) and the expression of above three proteins (all P>0.05). Additionally, the survival analysis showed that the low expression levels of RhoT1 and Smad4 were significantly associated with worse survival (P = 0.034, P = 0.047, respectively). In conclusion, these results indicated that the low-expression levels of RhoT1 and Smad4 were significantly associated with LNM and shorter survival. RhoT1 may be considered as a potential novel marker for predicting the outcome in patients with pancreatic cancer.     

Comprehensive analysis of cellular galectin-3 reveals no consistent oncogenic function in pancreatic cancer cells

Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a 31 kDa member of the family of beta-galactoside-binding proteins, has been implicated in the progression of different human cancers. However, the proposed roles differ widely, ranging from tumor-promoting cellular functions and negative impact on patient prognosis to tumor-suppressive properties and positive prognostic impact. We and others have previously identified Gal-3 as overexpressed in pancreatic cancer as compared to chronic pancreatitis and normal pancreatic tissue. The purpose of this study was thus the comprehensive analysis of putative cellular functions of Gal-3 by transient as well as stable silencing or overexpression of Gal-3 in a panel of 6 well-established pancreatic cancer cell lines. Our results confirm that galectin-3 is upregulated at the mRNA level in pancreatic cancer and strongly expressed in the majority of pancreatic cancer cell lines. In individual cell lines, transient knockdown of Gal-3 expression resulted in moderate inhibitory effects on proliferation, migration or anchorage-independent growth of the cells, but these effects were not consistent across the spectrum of analyzed cell lines. Moreover, functional effects of the modulation of Gal-3 expression were not observed in stable knockdown or overexpression approaches in vitro and did not alter the growth characteristics of nude mouse xenograft tumors in vivo. Our data thus do not support a direct functional role of Gal-3 in the malignant transformation of pancreatic epithelial cells, although paracrine or systemic effects of Gal-3 expression are not excluded.