维持性血液透析患者透析期血压波动的危险因素及其对生存状况的影响

摘要 目的：观察维持性血液透析（MHD）患者透析期血压波动的状况,分析其危险因素及其对生存状况的影响。方法：从江苏省人民医院选取于2018年4月~2021年7月期间接受治疗的210例MHD患者。将患者根据△收缩压（SBP）的绝对值大小,分为血压低波动组（84例,△SBP的绝对值大小<10 mmHg）和血压高波动组（126例,△SBP的绝对值大小≥10 mmHg）。收集两组患者的一般资料和实验室资料,MHD患者血压波动的危险因素采用Logistic回归模型进行分析。以门诊复查或电话的形式随访1年,统计两组预后情况。结果：单因素结果显示,MHD患者透析期血压波动与透析龄、体质量指数（BMI）、收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、磷（P）、白蛋白（ALB）、血红蛋白（Hb）、全段甲状旁腺激素（iPTH）、尿素清除指数（Kt/V）、超滤量有关（P<0.05）。而与年龄、性别、血肌酐（Scr）、尿素氮（BUN）、钙（Ca）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）无关（P>0.05）。多因素Logistic 回归模型结果显示：透析龄越长、iPTH升高、Kt/V下降、P升高、BMI升高是导致MHD患者透析期血压波动的危险因素,ALB上升为保护因素（P<0.05）。两组患者1年生存率、死亡率组间对比无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：MHD患者透析期血压波动受到透析龄、iPTH、Kt/V、P、ALB、BMI变化的影响,MHD患者透析期血压波动均会导致患者发生死亡风险。     

维持性血液透析患者营养状况及营养不良的影响因素分析

目的:探讨维持性血液透析(MHD)患者营养状况以及营养不良的影响因素,为临床工作提供指导。方法:选择2010年-2014年在我院进行MHD治疗的120例患者作为研究对象,采用改良定量主观整体评估表(MQSGA)并结合相关生化指标测定等手段综合评估透析患者营养状况,分析MHD患者发生营养不良的危险因素。结果:MQSGA评估显示,营养正常组50例(41.67%),轻中度营养不良组61例(50.83%),重度营养不良组9例(7.50%)。不同营养状况组患者间Alb、PA、Cr比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Logistic回归模型显示,Kt/V1.20、年龄≥60岁、透析龄≥3年及hs-CRP≥3 mg/L是MHD患者发生营养不良的危险因素。结论:MHD患者中发生营养不良的比例较大,Kt/V1.20、年龄≥60岁、透析龄≥3年及hs-CRP≥3 mg/L是其危险因素,可作为评价生营养不良的可靠指标。     

终末期肾脏病患者行维持性血液透析的营养状况及影响因素分析

目的:探究并分析终末期肾脏病患者行维持性血液透析的营养状况及影响因素。方法:选取2010年1月-2014年1月在我院接受维持性血液透析治疗的82例终末期肾脏病患者,根据改良的定量主观整体评估表(MQSGA)评分将患者分为营养不良组(10分)以及营养正常组,比较两组患者年龄、性别、透析时间、身体质量指数(BMI)、血红蛋白(Hb)、血尿素氮(BUN)、甘油三酯(TG)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白蛋白(Alb)、尿素清除指数(Kt/v)指标差异,分析血液透析患者发生营养不良的独立危险因素。结果:营养正常组患者年龄、透析时间、BUN、hs-CRP及Kt/v1.2的比例均显著低于营养不良组,Hb、BMI、Alb以及Kt/v≥1.2的比例均显著高于营养不良组,差异均具有统计学意义(P均0.05);多因素分析显示,年龄70岁、透析时间25个月、Kt/v1.2均是导致血液透析患者发生营养不良的独立危险因素(P均0.05)。结论:终末期肾脏病患者的年龄、透析充分性以及透析时间长短均是导致维持性血液透析并发营养不良的独立危险因素。     

维持性血液透析患者睡眠质量的影响因素及与氧化应激水平、生活质量和疲乏状况的关系研究

摘要 目的：分析调查维持性血液透析（MHD）患者睡眠质量的影响因素,并分析其与生活质量、氧化应激水平和疲乏状况的关系。方法：研究对象选取自2019年8月~2021年5月在首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院血液透析室长期规律行MHD治疗的终末期肾脏病患者150例,收集患者的临床资料,采用匹兹堡睡眠指数（PSQI）量表评定睡眠质量。采用修订版Pieper疲劳量表（RPFS）评估所有患者的疲乏程度。采用肾脏病生活质量量表（KDQOL-SF）评估患者生活质量。分析MHD患者睡眠质量的影响因素,并分析其与氧化应激水平、生活质量和疲乏状况的关系。结果：150例MHD患者中有114例PSQI评分>5分,本血液透析室MHD患者睡眠障碍发生率为76.00% (114/150)。根据是否发生睡眠障碍将患者分为睡眠障碍组（n=114）和无睡眠障碍组（n=36）。单因素分析结果显示睡眠障碍组、无睡眠障碍在年龄、透析时间、血红蛋白（Hb）、血清甲状旁腺激素（iPTH）、透析治疗效率标准（Kt/V）、血钙方面组间对比有差异（P<0.05）。透析时间、年龄、Hb、iPTH、Kt/V均是MHD患者睡眠质量的影响因素（P<0.05）。睡眠障碍组的一般健康状况、肾病相关、总分均低于无睡眠障碍组（P<0.05）。睡眠障碍组的疲乏评分高于无睡眠障碍组（P<0.05）。睡眠障碍组的丙二醛（MDA）高于无睡眠障碍组,超氧物歧化酶（SOD）、人谷胱甘肽-过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）低于无睡眠障碍组（P<0.05）。结论：透析时间、年龄、Hb、iPTH、Kt/V均是MHD患者睡眠质量的影响因素,且睡眠质量变差会加重MHD患者疲乏程度,加重氧化应激反应,降低患者的生活质量。     

益生菌强化早期肠内营养对重型颅脑损伤患者营养状况、免疫功能及炎症因子的影响

目的探讨益生菌强化早期肠内营养对重型颅脑损伤患者营养状况、免疫功能及炎症因子的影响。方法选取70例重型颅脑损伤患者随机分为观察组和对照组。对照组患者在常规治疗基础上予以留置胃管鼻饲行肠内营养支持治疗。观察组患者在对照组基础上予以益生菌强化肠内营养治疗,加用双歧三联活菌胶囊630mg研磨水化后自鼻饲管内注入,3次/d,连用4周。结果治疗4周后,两组患者GCS评分明显上升(P0.05或P0.01),且观察组上升更明显(P0.05);两组患者ALB(白蛋白)和LYM(淋巴细胞计数)明显下降(P0.01或P0.05)且观察组下降幅度小于对照组(P0.05);两组患者NB(氮平衡)明显上升(P0.01或P0.05),且观察组上升幅度大于对照组(P0.05);两组患者血清IL-6和IL-8明显下降(P0.05或P0.01),且观察组下降幅度大于对照组(P0.05)。结论益生菌强化肠内营养治疗重型颅脑损伤患者的疗效确切,可提高其GCS评分,减缓其营养状况恶化,改善免疫功能,抑制炎症反应。     

血液透析和腹膜透析对慢性肾衰竭患者微炎症状态和生活质量影响的临床研究

目的:比较腹膜透析和血液透析对慢性肾衰竭患者微炎症状态和生活质量的影响。方法:选取我院2014年11月~2016年9月因慢性肾衰竭需住院治疗患者96例,按入院先后顺序分为观察组和对照组,每组48例。观察组予以腹膜透析,对照组予以血液透析,比较两组治疗前后血清超敏C反应蛋白(hc-C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、血尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen,BUN)、血肌酐(Serum creatinine,Scr)和白蛋白(albumin,ALB)水平、血红蛋白(hemoglobin,HB)和红细胞(red blood cell,RBC)值、SF-36量表生活质量评分(the MOS item short from health survey)的变化及并发症的发生情况。结果:治疗后,观察组血清hs-CRP、IL-6、TNF-α、BUN、Scr和ALB水平均显著低于对照组,HB和RBC值明显高于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组治疗后并发心脑血管疾病的发生率显著低于对照组,并发低蛋白血症率和感染得发生率显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),但两组总并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组治疗6个月后体力功能、总体健康、心理健康评分与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),躯体疼痛、生命活力、社会职能、生理职能和情感职能评分均显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:腹膜透析对慢性肾衰竭患者的临床效果较好,较血液透析可更有效抑制患者的微炎症状态,提高小分子物质清除率,改善生活质量,降低心脑血管疾病发生率,但治疗中易发生低蛋白血症和感染等并发症,需及时补充白蛋白和加强预防感染措施等对症处理。     

厄贝沙坦联合左卡尼汀对维持性血液透析患者微炎症反应和营养状况的影响

目的:探讨厄贝沙坦和左卡尼汀对维持性血液透析(MHD)患者炎症因子和营养指标的改善作用。方法:选择2013年1月至2014年6月在我院血液透析中心接受MHD的终末期肾脏病患者120例为研究对象,依据随机数字表分成单纯透析组、厄贝沙坦组、左卡尼汀组和联合用药组,各30例,分别接受单纯透析治疗,口服厄贝沙坦0.15-0.3g/d,静脉推注左卡尼汀1g/次,厄贝沙坦和左卡尼汀联合治疗。检测治疗前,治疗3、6个月后血清中C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)转化生长因子(TGF)水平及营养状况指标的变化。结果:治疗3个月后,厄贝沙坦组、左卡尼汀组及联合用药组CRP、IL-8和TGF的水平与治疗前及单纯透析组比较均有明显下降(P0.05),治疗6个月后,厄贝沙坦组、左卡尼汀组及联合用药组CRP、IL-8、IL-10和TGF水平较治疗前及纯透析组均明显下降(P0.05),且联合用药组下降程度显著高于厄贝沙坦组和左卡尼汀组(P0.05)。治疗6个月后,左卡尼汀组及联合用药组血清红蛋白(Hb)、血清白蛋白(Alb)、前白蛋白(PA)水平较治疗前及单纯透析组显著升高(P0.05),联合用药组血清Hb、Alb和PA水平上升更明显,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:厄贝沙坦联合左卡尼汀既能缓解MHD患者的微炎症反应,又能改善其营养状况。     

功能性鼻内窥镜手术治疗鼻窦炎与鼻息肉的疗效分析

目的:探讨功能性鼻内窥镜手术治疗鼻窦炎与鼻息肉的疗效。方法:选取350例鼻窦炎与鼻息肉患者,按随机数字表法分为两组,对照组(164例)给予综合疗法,观察组(186例)给予功能性鼻内窥镜手术联合综合疗法。通过观察并记录疗效,治疗前,治疗后3个月患者体内IL-1,IL-8水平,SF-36量表评分,评价功能性鼻内窥镜手术治疗鼻窦炎与鼻息肉的疗效。结果:经手术和药物治疗,观察组有效率明显高于对照组(P0.05),治疗前,两组IL-1和IL-8水平无统计学差异(P0.05),治疗后3个月,两组IL-1和IL-8水平均明显下降,且观察组IL-1和IL-8水平低于对照组(P0.05),治疗前,两组SF-36各项评分无统计学差异,治疗后3个月,两组SF-36评分均明显增加(P0.05)。观察组在躯体疼痛和总体健康2项评分明显高于对照组(P0.05),其余6项评分相比无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:功能性鼻内窥镜手术对鼻窦炎与鼻息肉具有较好的疗效,能显著减轻炎症反应,改善患者生活质量,值得临床推广使用。     

糖尿病肾病患者微炎症状态与营养状况及免疫功能的相关性分析

目的:探讨糖尿病肾病(DN)患者微炎症状态与营养状况及免疫功能的关系。方法:选取2015年6月～2018年6月期间我院收治的DN患者90例作为观察组,依据尿微量白蛋白排泄率(UAER)水平将其分为A组(正常白蛋白尿,UAER20μg/min,n=28)、B组(微量白蛋白尿,UAER20～200μg/min,n=29)、C组(蛋白尿,UAER200μg/min,n=33),另选取同期来我院行健康体检的志愿者40例作为对照组,检测所有研究对象微炎症、营养状况、免疫功能等相关指标并比较,采用Pearson相关性分析微炎症状态指标与营养状况指标及免疫功能指标的相关性。结果:观察组C反应蛋白(CRP)、白介素-6(IL-6)、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)均高于对照组(P0.05),观察组白蛋白(Alb)、血红蛋白(Hb)、CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)均低于对照组(P0.05)。B组、C组CRP、IL-6、IgA、IgM均高于A组,且C组高于B组(P0.05),B组、C组Alb、Hb、CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+均低于A组,且C组低于B组(P0.05),三组IgG比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。经Pearson相关性分析显示,CRP、IL-6与Alb、Hb、CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+呈负相关(P0.05),与IgA、IgM呈正相关(P0.05),与IgG不相关(P0.05)。结论:DN患者存在不同程度的微炎症、免疫功能下降以及营养不良状况,通过控制或消除促炎因子,提高机体免疫功能,改善机体营养状况,可能对延缓DN的病情发展具有一定的临床意义。     

乙型肝炎肝硬化患者血清sICAM-1、IL-6、IL-18及TNF-α水平的表达及临床意义

目的:检测乙型肝炎肝硬化患者血清可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1(s ICAM-1)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-18(IL-18)及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平,并探讨其临床意义。方法:选取2017年1月至2019年6月我院收治的乙型肝炎肝硬化患者82例作为研究组,同期健康体检者80例作为对照组。比较研究组和对照组及不同Child-Pugh分级乙型肝炎肝硬化患者血清s ICAM-1、IL-6、IL-18、TNF-α、肝功能指标血浆谷丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、白蛋白(ALB)水平,并分析各指标之间的相关性。结果:研究组血清s ICAM-1、IL-6、IL-18、TNF-α和血浆ALT水平分别为(820.78±85.73)ng/mL、(41.71±13.24)ng/mL、(119.85±45.56)pg/mL、(52.23±22.24)ng/L、(155.20±56.27)U/L,显著高于对照组的(175.51±41.82)ng/mL、(6.67±2.23)ng/mL、(68.71±23.24)pg/mL、(5.65±1.28)ng/L、(15.65±5.23)U/L(P0.05),血浆ALB水平显著低于对照组[(27.69±4.32)g/L vs(45.16±5.65)g/L](P0.05)。随Child-Pugh分级的升高,乙型肝炎肝硬化患者血清s ICAM-1、IL-6、IL-18、TNF-α和血浆ALT水平逐渐升高,血浆ALB水平逐渐降低(P0.05)。乙型肝炎肝硬化患者血清s ICAM-1、IL-6、IL-18及TNF-α水平与血浆ALT水平呈正相关(P均0.05),与血浆ALB水平呈负相关(P均0.05),乙型肝炎肝硬化患者血清s ICAM-1与IL-6、IL-18及TNF-α呈正相关(P均0.05)。结论:乙型肝炎肝硬化患者血清s ICAM-1、IL-6、IL-18、TNF-α水平异常升高,与Child-Pugh分级和肝功能有关,检测血清s ICAM-1、IL-6、IL-18、TNF-α可能为乙型肝炎肝硬化的诊断和病情严重程度的判断提供依据。     

Effect of end-stage renal disease and diabetes on zinc and copper status

The aim of this study was to compare the nutritional status of zinc and copper in patients with and without diabetes submitted to chronic hemodialysis. Thirty-three patients with type 2 diabetes (DM group), 30 nondiabetic patients (NDM group), and 20 healthy individuals (control group) were studied. Plasma, erythrocyte, and urinary zinc and plasma copper were obtained from atomic absorption spectrophotometry and ceruloplasmin by immunonephelometry. The anthropometric parameters were similar among the groups. Plasma zinc was lower and erythrocyte zinc was higher in the DM and NDM groups in relation to the control group. No difference in urinary zinc was observed comparing the groups. Plasma copper was higher in the DM group when compared to the NDM and control groups. Ceruloplasmin was similar in the three groups. Serum urea was a positive independent determinant of plasma zinc concentrations. The determinants of erythrocyte zinc were MAMC midarm nuscle circumference and Kt/V dialysis adequacy. The determinants of plasma copper concentration were serum creatinine and serum glucose. The results of this study demonstrate an alteration in the distribution of zinc of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) independently of the presence of DM. Also, the status of copper seems not to be influenced by CKD, but only by the metabolic derangements associated with diabetes.     

Uremic Pruritus,Dialysis Adequacy,and Metabolic Profiles in Hemodialysis Patients: A Prospective 5-Year Cohort Study

Background

Uremic pruritus is a common and intractable symptom in patients on chronic hemodialysis, but factors associated with the severity of pruritus remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the associations of metabolic factors and dialysis adequacy with the aggravation of pruritus.

Methods

We conducted a 5-year prospective cohort study on patients with maintenance hemodialysis. A visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to assess the intensity of pruritus. Patient demographic and clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters, dialysis adequacy (assessed by Kt/V), and pruritus intensity were recorded at baseline and follow-up. Change score analysis of the difference score of VAS between baseline and follow-up was performed using multiple linear regression models. The optimal threshold of Kt/V, which is associated with the aggravation of uremic pruritus, was determined by generalized additive models and receiver operating characteristic analysis.

Results

A total of 111 patients completed the study. Linear regression analysis showed that lower Kt/V and use of low-flux dialyzer were significantly associated with the aggravation of pruritus after adjusting for the baseline pruritus intensity and a variety of confounding factors. The optimal threshold value of Kt/V for pruritus was 1.5 suggested by both generalized additive models and receiver operating characteristic analysis.

Conclusions

Hemodialysis with the target of Kt/V ≥1.5 and use of high-flux dialyzer may reduce the intensity of pruritus in patients on chronic hemodialysis. Further clinical trials are required to determine the optimal dialysis dose and regimen for uremic pruritus.     

高通量血液透析对尿毒症患者营养状况的影响

目的:探讨高通量血液透析对尿毒症患者营养状况的影响。方法:自身对照研究将38例维持性低通量血液透析患者转换为高通量血液透析(HPD),HPD组使用日本旭化成APS-15u高通量透析器6个月,分别采用改良主观全面营养评估(MQSGA)及各项客观营养指标进行相关性分析。结果:经转换为高通量血液透析后主观全面营养评估较使用低通量血液透析有显著性差异;营养相关指标血清白蛋白(ALB)、血红蛋白较前有明显提高,差异有显著性(P<0.05);胆固醇较前相比无明显差异。结论:高通量血液透析能有效改善维持性透析患者的营养状况。     

血液透析联合血液透析滤过对患者营养及微炎症指标的影响

目的:探讨血液透析(HD)联合血液透析滤过(HDF)对维持性血液透析(MHD)患者营养及微炎症指标的影响。方法:选择2005年12月到2014年12月在我院接受治疗的140例MHD患者,随机分为HD组(n=70)和HD+HDF组(n=70)。比较两组患者治疗前后营养不良-炎症评分(MIS)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、白蛋白(ALB)、前白蛋白(PA)、血红蛋白(Hb)、握力(HS)、肱三头肌皮褶厚度(TSF)的变化。结果:治疗后,HD+HDF组患者MIS明显降低,ALB、PA、Hb、HS、TSF明显升高(均P0.05),且各指标改善程度均优于HD组(均P0.05);治疗后,HD+HDF组患者相比于治疗前和HD组治疗后,CRP、IL-6明显降低(均P0.05)。结论:HD联合HDF较单纯HD能更好的改善患者营养状态,减轻微炎症反应。     

高通量血液透析对尿毒症患者营养状况的影响

目的：探讨高通量血液透析对尿毒症患者营养状况的影响。方法：自身对照研究将38例维持性低通量血液透析患者转换为高通量血液透析（HPD）,HPD组使用日本旭化成APS-15u高通量透析器6个月,分别采用改良主观全面营养评估（MQSGA）及各项客观营养指标进行相关性分析。结果：经转换为高通量血液透析后主观全面营养评估较使用低通量血液透析有显著性差异;营养相关指标血清白蛋白（ALB）、血红蛋白较前有明显提高,差异有显著性（P〈0.05）;胆固醇较前相比无明显差异。结论：高通量血液透析能有效改善维持性透析患者的营养状况。     

Erythrocyte glutathione transferase: a new biomarker for hemodialysis adequacy,overcoming the Kt/Vurea dogma?

Kt/V_urea ratio is commonly used to assess the delivered dose of dialysis in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. This parameter only reflects the efficacy of dialytic treatments in removing small toxins, but not middle and protein-bound toxins. Erythrocyte glutathione transferase (e-GST), an enzyme devoted to cell depuration against a lot of large and small toxins, is overexpressed in uremic patients. Aim of the present study is to verify whether e-GST may represent a novel biomarker to assess the adequacy of different dialytic techniques complementary to Kt/V_urea parameter. Furthermore, it will be investigated whether e-GST could reflect the ‘average'' adequacy of multiple dialytic sessions and not of a single one treatment as it occurs for Kt/V_urea. One hundred and three MHD patients and 82 healthy subjects were tested. Fourty four patients were treated with standard bicarbonate hemodialysis (HD) and 59 patients were on online hemodiafiltration (HDF). In all MHD patients e-GST activity was 60% higher than in healthy controls. In HDF, e-GST activity was lower than in HD subgroup (8.2±0.4 versus 10.0±0.4 U/g_Hb, respectively). Single-pool Kt/V_urea and total weekly Kt/V_urea were higher in HDF than in HD, but no correlation was found between e-GST activity and Kt/V_urea data. e-GST, whose level is stable during the erythrocyte life-span, provides information on the long-term depurative efficacy of dialysis treatments.     

Effect Modifying Role of Serum Calcium on Mortality-Predictability of PTH and Alkaline Phosphatase in Hemodialysis Patients: An Investigation Using Data from the Taiwan Renal Registry Data System from 2005 to 2012

Predicting mortality in dialysis patients based on low intact parathyroid hormone levels is difficult, because aluminum intoxication, malnutrition, older age, race, diabetes, or peritoneal dialysis may influence these levels. We investigated the clinical implications of low parathyroid hormone levels in relation to the mortality of dialysis patients using sensitive, stratified, and adjusted models and a nationwide dialysis database. We analyzed data from 2005 to 2012 that were held on the Taiwan Renal Registry Data System, and 94,983 hemodialysis patients with valid data regarding their intact parathyroid levels were included in this study. The patient cohort was subdivided based on the intact parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase levels. The mean hemodialysis duration within this cohort was 3.5 years. The mean (standard deviation) age was 62 (14) years. After adjusting for age, sex, diabetes, the hemodialysis duration, serum albumin levels, hematocrit levels, calcium levels, phosphate levels, and the hemodialysis treatment adequacy score, the single-pool Kt/V, the crude and adjusted all-cause mortality rates increased when alkaline phosphatase levels were higher or intact parathyroid hormone levels were lower. In general, at any given level of serum calcium or phosphate, patients with low intact parathyroid hormone levels had higher mortality rates than those with normal or high iPTH levels. At a given alkaline phosphatase level, the hazard ratio for all-cause mortality was 1.33 (p < 0.01, 95% confidence interval 1.27–1.39) in the group with intact parathyroid hormone levels < 150 pg/mL and serum calcium levels > 9.5 mg/dL, but in the group with intact parathyroid hormone levels > 300 pg/mL and serum calcium levels > 9.5 mg/dL, the hazard ratio was 0.92 (95% confidence interval 0.85–1.01). Hence, maintaining albumin-corrected high serum calcium levels at > 9.5 mg/dL may correlate with poor prognoses for patients with low intact parathyroid hormone levels.     

高通量血液透析与血液透析滤过在慢性肾功能衰竭患者中的疗效对比

目的：探讨高通量血液透析与血液透析滤过在慢性肾功能患者中的疗效。方法：选取2007年3月~2010年6月在我院进行维持性血液透析患者52例并随机分为2组：高通量透析（HPD）（n=26）和血液透析滤过（HDF）组（n=26）。两组患者均每周透析2次,每次4h,对两组患者进行1年临床观察。比较两组治疗前、后尿毒症患者血肌酐、β2-微球蛋白（β2-MG）、血磷、PTH的清除作用及对血脂的影响。结果：两组患者KT/V及透析前后血BUN、Cr的下降率无显著性差异。HDF组透析1年后β2-MG较透析前增高（5．17±15．09）％,HPD组透析1年后132．MG较透析前下降（12．32±3．27）％,P〈0．01。HDF组透析1年后甲状旁腺激素较透析前增高（6．59±14．13）％,HPD组透析1年后甲状旁腺激素较透析前下降（19．07±5．27）％,P〈0．01。HPD、HDF两组血磷下降率分别为（56．44±14．83）％、（43．94±17．96）％,P〈0．05,HDF组患者透析1年后其血清甘油三酯（TG）水平相比于透析前血清TG水平上升了（22．42±9．52）％,HPD组1年后TG较透析前下降（23．81±9．93）％,P〈0．05。结论：高通量血液透析能有效清除β2-MG、甲状旁腺激素、对血磷的清除效果也优于血液透析滤过,对血脂代谢也有显著改善作用。     

Factors Associated with Quality of Life among Hemodialysis Patients in Malaysia

Although hemodialysis treatment has greatly increased the life expectancy of end stage renal disease patients, low quality of life among hemodialysis patients is frequently reported. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the relationship between medical history, hemodialysis treatment and nutritional status with the mental and physical components of quality of life in hemodialysis patients. Respondents (n=90) were recruited from Hospital Kuala Lumpur and dialysis centres of the National Kidney Foundation of Malaysia. Data obtained included socio-demography, medical history, hemodialysis treatment and nutritional status. Mental and physical quality of life were measured using the Mental Composite Summary (MCS) and Physical Composite Summary (PCS) of the Short-Form Health Survey 36-items, a generic core of the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form. Two summary measures and total SF-36 was scored as 0–100, with a higher score indicating better quality of life. Approximately 26 (30%) of respondents achieved the body mass index (24 kg/m²) and more than 80% (n=77) achieved serum albumin level (>35.0 mg/dL) recommended for hemodialysis patients. The majority of respondents did not meet the energy (n=72, 80%) and protein (n=68,75%) recommendations. The total score of SF-36 was 54.1±19.2, while the score for the mental and physical components were 45.0±8.6 and 39.6±8.6, respectively. Factors associated with a higher MCS score were absence of diabetes mellitus (p=0.000) and lower serum calcium (p=0.004), while higher blood flow (p=0.000), higher serum creatinine (p=0.000) and lower protein intake (p=0.006) were associated with a higher PCS score. To improve the overall quality of life of hemodialysis patients, a multidisciplinary intervention that includes medical, dietetic and psychosocial strategies that address factors associated with mental and physical quality of life are warranted to reduce further health complications and to improve quality of life.