N-甲基取代苯基氨基甲酸酯的系列合成及其对家蝇的生物活性

利用酰氯水相简易工艺合成了52个N-甲基取代苯基氨基甲酸酯类化合物, 并测定了它们对家蝇Musca domestica的室内毒力。结果表明：烷基单取代化合物中,间位取代物的活性大于邻、对位;单卤素取代物中,邻位取代活性大于间位和对位,邻溴代物大于邻氯代物;对位硫甲基和邻位硫乙基取代物的活性均较高。对于烷基间位苯环取代化合物,在一定限度内随烷基分子量增大,化合物对家蝇的毒力增高,其次序为异丙基>乙基>甲基>未取代基。     

拟诺卡氏放线菌YIM90087的代谢产物研究

对拟诺卡氏菌YIM90087的固体发酵提取物进行了化学成分研究,从中分离得到10个化合物。通过波谱数据分析,鉴定其结构分别为:(3S)-3-苄基-2,5-哌嗪二酮(1)、(3S,6S)-3-(2-丁基)-6-(1-羟乙基)-2,5-哌嗪二酮(2)、(3S,6S)-3-(2-丁基)-6-羟甲基-2,5-哌嗪二酮(3)、(4S)-4-苄基-1,3-恶唑-2,5-二酮(4)、6'-羟基-4,2',3',4'-四甲氧基-对三联苯(5)、(3S,6S)-3-(4-羟苄基)-6-异丁基-2,5-哌嗪二酮(6)、(3R,8aS)-3-异丙基-六氢吡咯并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,4-二酮(7)、(3S,6S)-3-异丁基-6-甲基-2,5-哌嗪二酮(8)、(3S,6S)-3-苄基-6-(1-羟乙基)-2,5-哌嗪二酮(9)和(3S,6S)-3-苄基-6-(1-羟丙基)-2,5-哌嗪二酮(10)。化合物4目前只见化学合成报道,为新天然产物。     

钙调素拮抗剂──双苄基异喹啉类化合物结构与活性关系的研究

 双苄基异喹啉类化合物拮抗钙调素(CaM),抑制CaM激活的环核苷酸磷酸二酯酶(PDE),研究表明:蝙蝠葛碱和小檗胺分子中12位羟墓被芳香基团酯化或醚化时,芳香基团的电子云分布状态变化能增加或降低分子的拮抗活性;取代基中的次甲基数增加可以增强分子的拮抗活性。分子非极性端引入含氮基团,化合物的拮抗活性较低。测试的化合物中,E_6D_(12)和D_(14)的拮抗CaM活性较强,IC_(50)分别为0.58μmol/L0.58μmol/L和0.53μmol/L。实验结果表明,分子的拮抗活性与分子非极性端的疏水性、电子云分布状态以及分子空间结构等多种结构性质相关。     

拟诺卡氏放线菌YIM90087的代谢产物研究北大核心CSCD

对拟诺卡氏菌YIM90087的固体发酵提取物进行了化学成分研究,从中分离得到10个化合物。通过波谱数据分析,鉴定其结构分别为:(3S)-3-苄基-2,5-哌嗪二酮(1)、(3S,6S)-3-(2-丁基)-6-(1-羟乙基)-2,5-哌嗪二酮(2)、(3S,6S)-3-(2-丁基)-6-羟甲基-2,5-哌嗪二酮(3)、(4S)-4-苄基-1,3-恶唑-2,5-二酮(4)、6'-羟基-4,2',3',4'-四甲氧基-对三联苯(5)、(3S,6S)-3-(4-羟苄基)-6-异丁基-2,5-哌嗪二酮(6)、(3R,8aS)-3-异丙基-六氢吡咯并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1,4-二酮(7)、(3S,6S)-3-异丁基-6-甲基-2,5-哌嗪二酮(8)、(3S,6S)-3-苄基-6-(1-羟乙基)-2,5-哌嗪二酮(9)和(3S,6S)-3-苄基-6-(1-羟丙基)-2,5-哌嗪二酮(10)。化合物4目前只见化学合成报道,为新天然产物。     

O-乙基-S-丙基硫代磷酸酯类化合物的杀虫活性研究初报

本文报道了O-乙基-S-正丙基硫代磷酸酯类化合物对棉蚜(Aphis gossypii Glover)、 粘虫(Leucania sepurata Walker)、家蝇(Musca vicina Macq.)的杀虫活性。初步的室内测定和部分田间小区试验结果表明,O-乙基-S-正丙基-O-取代苯基硫代(或二硫代)磷酸酯类化合物的杀虫活性显著地优于O、O-二乙基-O-取代苯基硫代磷酸酯。其中3103、3105、3111、3117、3169等活性较高。     

锡尾矿链霉菌AE21985代谢产物的分离与鉴定

采用硅胶柱、凝胶柱层析、高效液相制备等方法从分离自云南锡尾矿土壤的链霉菌AE21985发酵液中分离到19个化合物,通过波谱学方法鉴定为11个环二肽类化合物:3-(4-羟基苄基)-6-(1H-吲哚-3-基甲基)哌嗪-2,5-二酮(1)、(3S,6S)-3-((R)-仲-丁基)-6-甲基哌嗪-2,5-二酮(2)、(3S)-3-苄基哌嗪-2,5-二酮(3)、(3S,6S)-3-(2-甲基丙基)-6-(丙-2-基)哌嗪-2,5-二酮(4)、3-异丁基六吡咯并[1,2-α]吡嗪-1,4-二酮(5)、(3S,6S)-3-((R)-仲-丁基)-6-甲基哌嗪-2,5-二酮(6)、(3S,6S)-3-异丙基-6-甲基哌嗪-2,5-二酮(7)、(3S,7R,9S)-7-羟基-3-异丁基六吡咯并[1,2-α]吡嗪-1,4-二酮(8)、3-(1H-吲哚-3-基甲基)-6-(丙-2-基)哌嗪-2,5-二酮(9)、(3S,8a S)-3-(丙-2-基)六氢吡咯并[1,2-α]吡嗪-1,4-二酮(10)及(3S,6S)-3-苄基-6-甲基哌嗪-2,5-二酮(11);5个酰胺类化合物:(2E)-3-苯基丙-2-烯酰胺(12)、3-苯基丙酰胺(13)、2-苯基乙酰胺(14)、苯甲酰胺(15)及3-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙酰胺(16);1个生物碱类物质:1H-吲哚-5-甲醛(17);2个核苷类物质:尿苷(18)及胸腺嘧啶(19)。这些化合物均为首次从该菌株中发现。     

二硫吡咯酮类抗生素的生物合成与代谢工程应用北大核心CSCD

二硫吡咯酮类抗生素是一类具有独特的吡咯酮二硫杂环戊二烯(4H-[1,2]二硫[4,3-b]吡咯-5-酮)骨架的化合物的总称。基于N-7位酰基侧链的不同以及N-4位是否含有甲基,可分为N-methyl-Nacylpyrrothine、N-acylpyrrothine和thiomarinols等类别。迄今为止,已有27种该类化合物被报道,重要代表包括全霉素(holomycin)、硫藤黄菌素(thiolutin)、金霉素(aureothricin)以及最近发现的thiomarinols。就生物活性而言,二硫吡咯酮类抗生素具有广谱的抗细菌活性,对多种微生物,包括革兰氏阴性菌、革兰氏阳性菌以及寄生虫都有较好的杀灭活性。甚至一些二硫吡咯酮衍生物表现出较强的抗肿瘤活性。近几年来,多个二硫吡咯酮类抗生素的生物合成基因簇相继被报道,其生物合成机理也逐步被阐明。本文将针对目前国内外二硫吡咯酮类抗生素的生物合成研究进展,以及在组合生物合成与代谢工程领域所取得的成果进行综述,旨在为通过合成生物学的方法创造结构新颖、高效低毒的"非天然"二硫吡咯酮类化合物提供理论借鉴。     

黔产剑叶凤尾蕨的化学成分研究

为研究剑叶凤尾蕨(Pteris ensiformis)的化学成分,该研究选用硅胶、凝胶、MCI、C₁₈等柱色谱进行分离纯化,结合¹H-NMR、¹³C-NMR、MS、IR等波谱数据鉴定化合物结构,并通过MTS和APTT、PT以及TT等方法对所分离得到的部分单体化合物进行抗肿瘤和抗凝血活性筛选。结果表明：(1)从剑叶凤尾蕨中分离得到15个化合物,分别为2-羟基-乙酰基吡咯(1)、N-(3-羧丙基)-2-乙酰基吡咯(2)、3-羟基-2-甲基吡啶(3)、N-甲基羟胺(4)、pterosin S 13-O-glucoside(5)、obtupterosin C(6)、ent-11α-hydroxy-15-oxokauran-19-oic acid(7)、ent-11α-hydroxy-15-oxokaur-16-en-19-oic acid(8)、β-谷甾醇(9)、ent-11α-hydroxy-15-oxokaur-16-en-19-oic acid-O-glucopyranoside(10)、5, 5′-二丁氧基-2, 2′-...     

杨桃叶的化学成分研究

为阐明酢浆草科植物杨桃(Averrhoa carambola)的化学成分,运用有机溶剂提取、萃取及多种色谱分离技术,从其叶中分离得到11个化合物。经光波谱分析,分别鉴定为苯基β-D-葡萄糖苷(1)、3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基β-D-葡萄糖苷(2)、苄基β-D-葡萄糖苷(3)、2-苯乙基芸香糖苷(4)、1-O-(3,5-二甲氧基-4-羟基苯甲酰)-β-D-葡萄糖(5)、5-羟基麦芽酚(6)、麦芽酚苷(7)、麦芽酚3-O-[6-O-(3-羟基-3-甲基-5-丁基戊二酰)]-β-D-葡萄糖苷(8)、乙基β-D-呋喃果糖苷(9)、丁基β-D-呋喃果糖苷(10)和鲨烯(11)。化合物8是1个新的人工产物,除化合物2和3外均为首次从杨桃属植物中得到。部分化合物与杨桃叶的抗炎、抗氧化和抗肿瘤作用相关。     

烷氧乙基汞化合物的抑真菌活性

为了研究烷氧乙基汞化合物(ROC2H4HgX)的比较抑其茵活性及其分子结构与抑其菌活性的关系,用培养基法测定其对其菌最低抑制浓度。所用化合物有甲、乙、丙及丁氧乙基汞的氯、醋酸、五氯酚、硫氰酸、对硝基酚及糖精的化合物二十四种和戊及己氧乙基汞的氯、醋酸及五氯酚化合物六种。试验菌种为黑曲霉(Aspergillu,niger)、米曲霉(A．Oryzae)、黄青霉(Penicillium chrysogenum)、康氏木霉(Trichoderma koningi)及拟青霉(Paecilomyces sp．)五种。从最低抑制浓度的数据表明,烷氧乙基汞化合物的抑填菌活性随碳链?甲基至丁基而增加,大于丁基则下降或不增加。化合物分子中的负性基团(X)部分,对于一些其菌虽然多少有一定的抑其菌活性顺序,以对黑曲霉最为明显。但对于不同的真菌负性基团表现不同的活性,因此对于不同的 真菌负性基团亦必然有不同的活性顺序。烷氧乙基团对汞原子的活性有影响,对负性基团的活性也可能有影响。如对于一‘种真菌负性基团表现良好的活性顺序,就可以说烷氧乙基团对于负性基团的影响是恒定的。但如烷氧基团对负性基团的活性的影响不一致时,就不容易希望负性基团在不同的烷氧乙基团时有相同的活性顺序。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.