富钟瘰螈和广西瘰螈骨骼系统的比较研究

采用硬骨-软骨双染色技术,研究我国广西产的富钟瘰螈和广西瘰螈骨骼系统,包括头骨、脊柱和附肢骨骼,并对各骨块的形状、位置以及与邻近骨块的关系都作了详细的描述;同时,比较了富钟瘰螈和广西瘰螈骨骼特征的差异,并将富钟瘰螈、广西瘰螈与有斑肥螈、贵州疣螈和东方蝾螈骨骼系统进行了比较,为揭示瘰螈属种间演化关系和蝾螈科属间演化关系提供一定的依据.     

瘰螈属(有尾目,蝾螈科)一新种

基于形态学差异、核POMC和线粒体序列分子数据,把分布于武陵山系的尾斑瘰螈种群定名为1新种,武陵瘰螈Paramesotriton wulingensis,其区别于尾斑瘰螈雷山种群(地模标本)鉴别特征为:1)新种体色较深,呈黑褐色,体背面疣粒较大,背脊隆起较低,尾斑瘰螈雷山地模标本体色较浅,呈棕黄色,体背面疣粒较小,背脊隆起较高;2)新种鼻突中间骨缝较深,尾斑瘰螈雷山地模标本鼻突中间骨缝较浅;3)新种前额骨与鼻骨相连的骨缝线呈波浪型,尾斑瘰螈雷山地模标本前额骨与鼻骨相连的骨缝线左右两侧呈明显“A”型;4)新种额鳞弧鳞骨直立前伸且背面观前粗后细,尾斑瘰螈雷山地模标本额鳞弧鳞骨水平前伸且背面观弧前后粗细一致;5)新种翼骨前枝较长达到上颌骨后缘,尾斑瘰螈雷山地模标翼骨前枝较短不到上颌骨后缘.     

降雨决定繁殖期红瘰疣螈的活动性

有尾两栖类的繁殖活动常常受到环境因子,特别是如温度、湿度和降雨等气候因子的限制。红瘰疣螈Tylototriton shanjing是适应云南山地环境的典型有尾两栖类动物。本研究期望通过对繁殖期红瘰疣螈活动个体数量的野外调查和气候因子的分析,弄清影响红瘰疣螈繁殖行为活动的关键气候因子。研究结果显示,繁殖期红瘰疣螈活动个体数量与气温呈显著的负相关关系,与空气相对湿度和降雨量呈显著的正相关关系。然而偏相关和多元回归分析则表明,红瘰疣螈繁殖行为活动与相对湿度和降雨量关系更密切。红瘰疣螈总是在降雨后引起空气湿度增加以及气温下降时进行各种繁殖行为活动,降雨是影响红瘰疣螈繁殖行为活动关键的气候因子。红瘰疣螈的繁殖行为活动与降雨节律保持一致是对云南山地环境的重要适应。     

大凉疣螈的骨骼系统

研究了大凉疣螈 Tylototriton taliangensis 的骨骼系统,对各部分的形态结构进行了详细的描述.胸骨、喙骨、耻骨的形状与已报道的贵州疣螈 Tylototriton kweichowensis 不同;腕骨、跗骨数目存在个体差异;前颌骨、鼻突等与无斑肥螈、尾斑瘰螈的亦不相同.     

云南省发现龙里瘰螈

正龙里瘰螈Paramesotriton longliensis隶属于两栖纲Amphibia有尾目Caudata蝾螈科Salamandridae瘰螈属Paramesotriton。李松等(2008)根据贵州省龙里县采集到的瘰螈标本,描述并发表了瘰螈属新种——龙里瘰螈,为中国特有种。目前该物种记录分布于贵州、重庆和湖北的喀斯特地区(中国两栖类,2020)。本研究于2019年9月在云南省文山壮族苗族自治州麻栗坡县下金厂乡附近(104°48'38"E,23°8'31"N,海拔1 390 m)采集到瘰螈标本4号,包括2号雄性(SWFU 003653和SWFU 003656)和2号雌性(SWFU 003654和SWFU 003655),所有标本均浸泡在10%甲醛中,保存于西南林业大学。根据形态鉴定为龙里瘰螈,为云南省两栖动物分布新记录。     

瘰螈属一新种——龙里瘰螈（有尾目：蝾螈科）

在贵州省龙里县水场乡采集到一批瘰螈标本,与瘰螈属已知物种比较后,确定其为一新种,即龙里瘰螈(Paramesotriton longliensis Li,Tian,Gu et Xiong sp.nov)。新种与尾斑瘰螈(Paramesotriton caudopunctatus)相似,但新种由于上鳃骨后端上翘,成体头部后端两侧鳃迹部位各有1个明显突起;体背嵴棱强烈隆起;指、趾两侧无缘膜,指、趾末端有黑色角质鞘;肛后尾的腹鳍褶橘红色,约在1/2处此颜色消失;雄螈尾后段浅紫红色无斑纹。统计并记述了新种的外形、头骨特征、染色体组型、生物学资料。     

广西瘰螈的分类研究

本文讨论了广西瘰螈的形态特征,认为该种为德氏瘰螈的次异名,并简要报道了该种的生境及行为。     

龙里瘰螈与织金瘰螈的核型

用常规涂片法对贵州产龙里瘰螈Paramesotriton longliensis与织金瘰螈P.zhijinensis的染色体核型进行了研究。结果显示,龙里瘰螈的核型为2n=24=16m+8sm,染色体臂数NF=48,其中No.7、10、11、12为亚中着丝粒染色体(sm),其余均为中着丝粒染色体(m);织金瘰螈的核型为2n=24=20m+4sm,NF=48,其中No.9、11为sm,其余均为m。2种瘰螈的核型存在差异,可为2个物种的成立提供细胞遗传学佐证。     

香港瘰螈eDNA引物和TaqMan探针的设计与确认

环境DNA（eDNA）技术是近年来新兴的一种野外水生生物调查方法。本研究旨在设计一组香港瘰螈（Paramesotriton hongkongensis）特异的引物和TaqMan探针并确立此eDNA方法在水样中的实用性,以期进一步调查其野外种群分布。测定11种瘰螈物种的线粒体细胞色素b（Cyt b）基因序列,然后使用Primer Express 3.0软件设计引物和TaqMan探针。通过比对NCBI基因库及进行退火温度梯度测试,验证引物和TaqMan探针的特异性。通过测试不同浓度的引物和TaqMan探针,优化qPCR扩增效率。然后检测养殖不同数量香港瘰螈的水缸水体中eDNA,以评估已建立的qPCR方法灵敏度。同时,测定香港瘰螈eDNA降解速度,以估计其在水中的持续时间。实验结果显示,本研究所设计的引物和探针只对香港瘰螈呈阳性扩增,而对同属的其他10个物种均呈阴性。优化的qPCR效率为93.9%、最低检测浓度为10 DNA拷贝数。已建立的qPCR方法能灵敏地检测出在养殖1只香港瘰螈24 h实验水缸水体的DNA拷贝数为（13.56 ± 3.35）/ml水样。另外,降解实验发现,采用0.45 μm孔径滤膜已有效检测香港瘰螈eDNA并能监测15 d。本研究成功设计并建立了一种能在水环境中检测香港瘰螈是否存在的eDNA技术,以期应用于野外考察。     

重庆地区有尾两栖动物两新记录

中国瘰螈和尾斑瘰螈在重庆市酉阳县境内被发现,此两物种为重庆市两栖类新记录。     

Hypothesis Testing Procedures for a Series of Independent Fourfold Tables under Inverse Sampling

This paper considers four summary test statistics, including the one recently proposed by Bennett (1986, Biometrical Journal 28, 859–862), for hypothesis testing of association in a series of independent fourfold tables under inverse sampling. This paper provides a systematic and quantitative evaluation of the small-sample performance for these summary test statistics on the basis of a Monte Carlo simulation. This paper notes that the test statistic developed by Bennett (1986) can be conservative and thereby possibly lose the power when the underlying disease is not rare. This paper also finds that for given a fixed total number of cases in each table, the conditional test statistic is the best in controlling type I error among all test statistics considered here.     

Responses to Comments and Closer to a Definition of Applied Psychophysiology

This paper responds to the nine response papers to the initial paper in this series. This paper also presents a revised working definition of applied psychophysiology which is in concert with many of the responses.     

浅析PLM系统在医疗器械行业的实施应用

阐述了PLM的基本概念、原理、行业研究和应用现状基础。针对医疗器械行业产品研发和产品监管的特点,结合企业的实际现状,详细分析了该医疗器械企业的PLM应用需求。该文还结合企业PLM系统项目开展的实际过程给出了设计、实施方案,并对实施效果进行了评估。     

Heterogeneous assemblages of bioethics and science: the “pre-embryo” debate in America

This paper explores the “pre-embryo” debate in America to analyze the relationship between scientific uncertainty and moral decision-making. This paper explores how an ethical debate among bioethicists around the term “pre-embryo” has been transformed into a scientific “fact” debate between developmental biology and embryology. This transformation is driven by the scientism of ethical reasoning that stresses scientific claims to increase the credibility of ethical claims. This paper concludes that the “pre-embryo” debate is not an ethical controversy over a unified science but rather credibility struggles between two heterogeneous assemblages of science and bioethics.     

Some multi-dimensional branching processes as motivated by a class of problems in mathematical genetics II

This paper is a continuation of a paper, “Some Multi-Dimensional Branching Processes as Motivated by a Class of Problems in Mathematical Genetics I,” by C. J. Mode, which appeared in a previous issue of theBulletin. Its purpose is two-fold; namely to discuss the mathematical existence of the model and to supply the mathematical proofs of some theorems in section two of the paper mentioned above. This paper should be read in conjunction with the previous paper. The research reported in this paper was supported in part by the United States Atomic Energy Commission, Division of Biology and Medicine Project AT(45-1)-1729.     

湖北八角莲属四种药用植物的生药学研究

本文对湖北分布的八角莲属四种植物进行了全面系统的生药学研究,发现不同种之间的显微特征明显,为四种药材的鉴别以及伪品药材的识别提供了重要依据。     

Effect of conductivity interfaces in electrocardiography

This paper develops numerical techniques for two problems of interest in electrocardiography: (1) the determination of infinite-media surface potential gradients from boundedmedia torso potentials, and (2) the effects of lung-torso, blood mass-torso, and torso-air conductivity interfaces on torso surface potentials. This paper is an extension of a previous paper on the effects of conductivity interfaces which also utilized an integral equation formulation of Laplace's equation. Supported in part by USPHS Grants HE 05716 and HE 11307 and American Heart Grant 67-850.     

Approval of trainers and training practices in the Oxford region: assessment.

This is the second paper of three on criteria for approval of trainers of general practitioners drawn up for the Oxford region. This paper describes assessment of trainers and training practices by a team of general practitioners who visit for one day.     

The treatment of pulp and paper mill effluent: a review

The manufacture of paper generates significant quantities of wastewater; as high as 60 m3/tonne of paper produced. The raw wastewaters from paper and board mills can be potentially very polluting. Indeed, a recent survey within the UK industry has found that their chemical oxygen demands can be as high as 11000 mg/l. This paper reviews the processes involved in paper making and examines the effects which they could have on the environment. It also evaluates the treatment processes which are used to minimise these effects. In line with the majority of UK practice, it focuses mainly on aerobic biological treatment and, in particular, on the activated sludge process. This means that there is an in-depth discussion about the problems associated with filamentous bacteria and sludge "bulking". The paper also discusses the way in which anaerobic digestion can be applied to the treatment of liquid wastes from the manufacture of paper.     

浙江海兽及其分布

根据文献记载和历年来采集到的标本,提出了浙江省17种海兽的名录和分布。其中1种为浙江省新纪录,1种为大陆沿海新纪录。并且简述了其主要形态特征。