不同肥料对稻田红壤碳、氮、磷循环相关酶活性的影响

采用中国科学院千烟洲生态站1998年开始的定位试验数据,研究不同肥料(猪粪、秸秆、化肥)对稻田红壤碳、氮、磷养分及相关酶活性\[β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶(βG)、β 1,4-N-乙酰葡糖氨糖苷酶(NAG)、L-亮氨酸氨基肽酶(LAP)、酸性磷酸酶(AP)\]的影响.结果表明：施用猪粪(OM)土壤中的βG、NAG和LAP活性显著高于其他处理,比对照(不施任何肥料)分别高1.4、2.6和1.9倍;土壤C/N提高、βG/(NAG+LAP)降低,说明施用猪粪有利于土壤中纤维素的降解和有机碳的积累.施用化肥提高了土壤中βG、NAG和LAP活性,而AP活性比对照低34%;土壤βG/AP和(NAG+LAP)/AP较高,而C/P和N/P较低,说明施用化肥导致稻田红壤无机磷的积累,抑制了土壤中分解磷酸多糖和磷脂的微生物功能.     

长期不同施肥对红壤碳、氮、磷循环相关酶活性的影响

试验采用微孔板荧光法,选取不施肥(CK)、单施氮肥(N)、化学施肥(NPK)、单施粪肥(M)和粪肥与化学肥料混施(MNPK)5个处理,研究了长期不同施肥对祁阳旱地红壤碳、氮、磷循环相关酶[β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶(βG)、纤维二糖水解酶(CBH)、β-1,4-木糖苷酶(βX)、β-1,4-N-乙酰基氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)和酸性磷酸酶(AP)]活性的影响.结果表明:与CK处理相比,长期N处理对βG、βX、CBH和NAG活性无影响,但降低了AP活性,而NPK、M、MNPK处理均显著增加了5种酶活性;相关性分析表明,5种土壤酶活性与硝态氮(0.465~0.733)、有效磷(r=0.612~0.947)、土壤呼吸(r=0.781~0.949)和作物产量(r=0.735~0.960)均呈显著正相关,βG、CBH和AP与p H显著正相关(r=0.707~0.809),而仅有AP与土壤可溶性有机碳显著相关(r=-0.480).表明所测5种土壤酶活性可作为评估不同施肥处理对红壤生产力影响的重要指标,但5种酶对氮肥引起的严重酸化的指示作用均非常有限.     

辽东栎林次生演替过程中土壤酶化学计量特征变化

土壤胞外酶驱动地下生态系统的养分循环等过程,而目前土壤酶活性随着植被次生演替的变化机制尚不明确。本文采用空间代替时间的方法,选取陕西富县的农田为对照,研究了30、60和120年生辽东栎林土壤酶活性及其化学计量的变化以及驱动因子(植被特征、土壤物理化学特征、微生物生物量)。结果表明：随着演替的进行,β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶(BG)、β-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)及亮氨酸氨肽酶(LAP)活性显著增加,而碱性磷酸酶(AP)活性先增加后减小然后再增加,在120年生林地达到最大值,BG、LAP+NAG及AP酶活性分别为25.96～40.96、57.10～128.05、65.41～126.60 nmol·g^-1·h^-1。农田土壤的BG/(LAP+NAG)和BG/AP大于30年生林地,而(LAP+NAG)/AP呈相反的趋势。农田土壤微生物代谢主要受C和P养分的限制;而随着演替的进行,BG/(LAP+NAG)逐渐增加,(LAP+NAG)/AP和BG/AP先增加而后减小,从而缓解C和P养分对微生物代谢的限制,但造成N养分限制。冗余分析表明,土壤微生物量P、...     

亚热带人工林下植被根际土壤酶化学计量特征

为探讨林下植被根际土壤酶化学计量特征及其对林分类型和季节的响应, 该研究以江西省泰和县千烟洲试验站典型人工杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)、马尾松(Pinus massoniana)和湿地松(Pinus elliottii)林林下优势灌草檵木(Loropetalum chinense)、杨桐(Adinandra millettii)、格药柃(Eurya muricata)、狗脊蕨(Woodwardia japonica)和暗鳞鳞毛蕨(Dryopteris atrata)为对象, 在植被生长初期(4月)和旺盛期(7月)测定优势灌草根际土壤与碳(C)循环相关的β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶(BG)、与氮(N)循环相关的β-1,4-N-乙酰葡糖氨糖苷酶(NAG)和亮氨酸氨基肽酶(LAP)、与磷(P)循环相关的酸性磷酸酶(AP)活性、酶化学计量比及土壤理化性质。结果发现: (1)根际土壤与C和N循环相关的酶活性以及BG:AP (酶C:P)在不同林下植被之间存在显著差异, 而与P循环相关的酶活性差异不显著。林分类型和取样季节显著影响BG:(NAG+LAP)(酶C:N), 且林下植被类型、林分类型和取样季节交互影响酶C:P。主成分分析表明, 根际土壤酶的活性及计量比在不同林下植被(檵木不同于格药柃, 且二者显著区别于其他物种)、林分类型(杉木林区别于马尾松、湿地松林)和取样季节之间均存在显著差异。土壤硝态氮(NO₃ ^--N)、铵态氮(NH₄ ⁺-N)、可溶性有机碳(DOC)含量和碳氮比(C:N)是影响林下植被根际土壤酶的活性及化学计量比的主要因素。(2)标准主轴回归分析表明, 林下植被根际土壤lg(BG)、lg(NAG+LAP)和lg(AP)之间存在显著线性关系, lgBG:lg(NAG+LAP):lgAP (酶C:N:P)约为1:1:1.3, 酶C:P及(NAG+LAP):AP (酶N:P)分别为0.14和0.15。AP远大于BG和NAG+LAP的活性, 导致lg(BG)和lg(NAG+LAP)与lg(AP)的回归斜率极显著偏离1。说明林下植被根际土壤酶的活性及计量比受植被种类、林分类型及取样季节影响, 且基质有效性在其中发挥重要作用。相较于C循环和N循环, 微生物会分配更多资源用于P循环相关酶的生产, 暗示亚热带人工林林下植被根际土壤微生物生长和活性更易受P限制。     

凋落物和林下植被对杉木林土壤碳氮水解酶活性的影响机制

凋落物和林下植被在森林生态系统土壤碳、氮循环过程中发挥重要作用,目前关于亚热带杉木人工林凋落物和林下植被对土壤碳氮水解酶活性影响机制还不清楚。在亚热带杉木人工林设立去除凋落物+去除林下植被(LR+UR)、去除凋落物+保留林下植被(LR+U)、凋落物加倍+保留林下植被(LD+U)、凋落物加倍+割倒林下植被归还(LD+UC)处理。通过研究各处理对土壤环境因子(土壤温度(ST)、土壤含水量(SWC)、土壤酸度(p H)、硝态氮(NO_3~--N)、氨态氮(NH_4~+-N)、溶解性有机碳(DOC))和土壤碳氮水解酶(β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶(βG)和β-1,4-N-乙酰葡糖氨糖苷酶(NAG))活性的影响,揭示凋落物和林下植被对杉木林土壤碳氮水解酶活性影响机制。结果表明:(1)通过比较LR+U和LD+U处理发现,短期内添加凋落物有增加土壤p H、NH+4-N含量和提高βG、NAG活性的趋势,但未达到显著水平(P0.05);(2)LR+UR与LR+U处理间的比较发现,去除林下植被有降低SWC、p H、NH+4-N含量、NAG活性的趋势,并显著降低了土壤DOC含量和βG活性(P0.05);(3)将LR+UR分别与LD+U、LD+UC处理进行比较表明,添加凋落物同时保留林下植被显著增加了SWC、p H、DOC和NH+4-N含量,并增强了βG和NAG活性(P0.05),而且林下植被割倒归还比林下植被正常生长更有利于土壤βG、NAG活性的提高和SWC、DOC含量的增加,但是对ST和NO-3-N含量没有显著影响(P0.05);(4)土壤水解酶活性与SWC、DOC表现为极显著正相关关系(P0.01)。总之,凋落物和林下植被影响碳氮水解酶活性的机制,主要是通过调节SWC、增加DOC含量,影响βG、NAG活性;βG、NAG活性增强也会加快土壤有机质(SOM)分解,增加土壤DOC含量。     

亚热带人工林下植被根际土壤酶化学计量特征

为探讨林下植被根际土壤酶化学计量特征及其对林分类型和季节的响应,该研究以江西省泰和县千烟洲试验站典型人工杉木(Cunninghamialanceolata)、马尾松(Pinusmassoniana)和湿地松(Pinuselliottii)林林下优势灌草檵木(Loropetalum chinense)、杨桐(Adinandra millettii)、格药柃(Eurya muricata)、狗脊蕨(Woodwardia japonica)和暗鳞鳞毛蕨(Dryopteris atrata)为对象,在植被生长初期(4月)和旺盛期(7月)测定优势灌草根际土壤与碳(C)循环相关的β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶(BG)、与氮(N)循环相关的β-1,4-N-乙酰葡糖氨糖苷酶(NAG)和亮氨酸氨基肽酶(LAP)、与磷(P)循环相关的酸性磷酸酶(AP)活性、酶化学计量比及土壤理化性质。结果发现:(1)根际土壤与C和N循环相关的酶活性以及BG:AP(酶C:P)在不同林下植被之间存在显著差异,而与P循环相关的酶活性差异不显著。林分类型和取样季节显著影响BG:(NAG+LAP)(酶C:N),且林下植被类型、林分类型和取样季节交互影响酶C:P。主成分分析表明,根际土壤酶的活性及计量比在不同林下植被(檵木不同于格药柃,且二者显著区别于其他物种)、林分类型(杉木林区别于马尾松、湿地松林)和取样季节之间均存在显著差异。土壤硝态氮(NO_3~--N)、铵态氮(NH_4~+-N)、可溶性有机碳(DOC)含量和碳氮比(C:N)是影响林下植被根际土壤酶的活性及化学计量比的主要因素。(2)标准主轴回归分析表明,林下植被根际土壤lg(BG)、lg(NAG+LAP)和lg(AP)之间存在显著线性关系,lg BG:lg(NAG+LAP):lg AP(酶C:N:P)约为1:1:1.3,酶C:P及(NAG+LAP):AP(酶N:P)分别为0.14和0.15。AP远大于BG和NAG+LAP的活性,导致lg(BG)和lg(NAG+LAP)与lg(AP)的回归斜率极显著偏离1。说明林下植被根际土壤酶的活性及计量比受植被种类、林分类型及取样季节影响,且基质有效性在其中发挥重要作用。相较于C循环和N循环,微生物会分配更多资源用于P循环相关酶的生产,暗示亚热带人工林林下植被根际土壤微生物生长和活性更易受P限制。     

凋落物添加和移除对杉木人工林土壤水解酶活性及其化学计量比的影响

土壤生态酶化学计量比可用于评估微生物碳(C)、氮(N)和磷(P)养分的需求状况。以往从凋落物输入量变化对生态酶化学计量比的角度来探讨杉木人工林土壤养分状况的研究较少。以亚热带杉木人工林为研究对象,采用随机区组实验设计,对12块杉木人工林样地进行3种凋落物处理(凋落物添加(LA);凋落物移除(LR);对照(CK)),通过测定土壤C、N和P水解酶(β-葡糖苷酶(BG)、半纤维素酶(CB)、β-乙酰葡糖胺糖苷酶(NAG)、亮氨酸氨基肽酶(LAP)和酸性磷酸酶(AP))的活性及土壤理化性质,探讨凋落物添加和移除对杉木人工林土壤养分状况的影响。结果表明:LR显著抑制了AP、BG、CB、NAG和LAP活性,同时降低了土壤含水量(SMC)、有机碳(SOC)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)和有效氮含量;而LA对以上指标均存在显著的正效应,表明凋落物输入量变化主要是通过改变土壤水分和养分状况来影响水解酶的活性。LR和CK处理下土壤酶活性比ln(BG+CB):ln(AP)和ln(NAG+LAP):ln(AP)均低于全球尺度上土壤酶活性比ln(BG+CB):ln(AP)(0.62)和ln(NAG+LAP):ln(AP)(0.44),表明亚热带地区杉木人工林土壤微生物生长受磷限制;LA处理的土壤的ln(BG+CB):ln(AP)和ln(NAG+LAP):ln(AP)均高于全球尺度,表明LA在一定程度上缓解了土壤磷限制,生态酶化学计量比响应的差异表明磷可能是驱动亚热带杉木人工林土壤生态酶化学计量比内在联系的关键因子。相关分析表明SMC、SOC和有效氮含量与土壤酶活性及其化学计量比呈极显著正相关关系,因此,生态酶化学计量比可作为表征土壤当前养分有效性状况的重要指标,该研究可为亚热带杉木人工林土壤养分管理和可持续性经营提供科学的基础理论。     

大兴安岭北部不同海拔天然林土壤胞外酶化学计量特征及其季节动态

研究了大兴安岭北部奥克里堆山不同海拔(750～1420 m)天然林土壤胞外酶活性(EEA)和酶计量比的变化特征及影响机制。结果表明: 海拔、季节及其交互作用对β-葡萄糖苷酶(BG)、N-乙酰-β-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)、亮氨酸氨基肽酶(LAP)和酸性磷酸酶(AP)活性均存在显著影响。5月,BG和NAG活性随海拔升高呈逐渐增大趋势,AP活性随海拔升高呈先升高后降低的趋势。7月,NAG活性随海拔升高而增大,AP活性则先升高后降低。9月,不同海拔上NAG活性变化幅度较大,在1420 m处活性最高,为124.22 nmol·h^-1·g^-1。随着海拔的升高,酶化学计量比ln(BG)∶ln(NAG+LAP)呈降低的趋势。除海拔830 m外,7月化学计量比值最高。土壤C、N、P转化酶活性对数转换后的比值为1∶1.25∶0.82。海拔和土壤温度是影响土壤胞外酶的主要因素,土壤温度与BG、NAG和AP呈显著正相关。ln(BG)∶ln(NAG+LAP)和ln(NAG+LAP)∶ln(AP)与pH分别呈显著正相关和负相关,与DOC分别呈显著负相关和正相关,而ln(BG)∶ln(AP)受土壤容重的影响较大。     

氮磷添加对杉木林土壤碳氮矿化速率及酶动力学特征的影响

以江西杉木林红壤为研究对象,开展野外长期氮(N)、磷(P)添加控制试验,设置对照(CK)、N(50kg N hm~(-2)a~(-1))、P(50kg P hm~(-2)a~(-1))、NP(50kg N hm~(-2)a~(-1)+50kg P hm~(-2)a~(-1))处理,分析N、P添加对土壤碳矿化速率(C_(min))、氮矿化速率(N_(min))和相关的β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶(βG)和β-1,4-N-乙酰葡糖氨糖苷酶(NAG)动力学参数的影响。结果表明:(1)N添加明显降低了C_(min)和N_(min),比CK分别减少了25%和18%;N添加减小了NAG的潜在最大酶活性(V_(max))、半饱和常数(K_m)、催化效率(V_(max)/K_m),但差异不显著(P0.05);N添加显著增加了βG的V_(max)、K_m,但对V_(max)/K_m有抑制作用。(2)P输入(P、NP)较CK使NAG的V_(max)、K_m减小26%—60%;NP同时添加明显提高βG和NAG的V_(max)/K_m(P0.05),但P输入(P、NP)对C_(min)和N_(min)影响不显著(P0.05)。(3)C_(min)与土壤溶解性有机碳正相关,N_(min)与pH显著正相关,与土壤NH_4~+-N、NO_3~--N显著负相关;βG和NAG的V_(max)/K_m均与NH_4~+-N、NO_3~--N负相关(P0.05),K_m均与NH_4~+-N、NO_3~--N正相关(P0.05)。βG的V_(max)与NH_4~+-N、NO_3~--N正相关(P0.05),NAG的V_(max)与有机碳、全氮、全磷、有效磷负相关(P0.05)。研究结果表明,在亚热带杉木人工林中,N添加降低土壤pH,增加土壤有效氮含量,抑制βG和NAG的V_(max)/K_m,对土壤C_(min)和N_(min)产生抑制作用;而NP添加增加土壤有效磷含量,增加土壤βG和NAG的V_(max)/K_m。     

喀斯特典型集水区土壤水解酶活性空间异质性及其影响因素

土壤酶是指示土壤质量的敏感指标,目前土壤酶活性的空间异质性及其影响因素还不清楚.本研究运用地统计学、普通克里格插值、单因素方差分析和相关分析,分析了贵州喀斯特小流域0～10 cm土壤β-1,4-葡糖苷酶(βG)、β-1,4-木糖苷酶(βX)、纤维素二糖水解酶 (CBH)、β-1,4-乙酰基-葡糖胺糖苷酶(NAG)、亮氨酸氨基肽酶(LAP)和酸性磷酸酶(AP)活性的空间异质性及其影响因素. 结果表明: 6种土壤水解酶活性分别具有不同的空间异质性,其中βX、CBH和AP最优理论模型为球状模型,βG和NAG最优理论模型为高斯模型,LAP最优理论模型为指数模型. βG、βX、CBH、NAG和LAP的结构方差比C/(C₀+C)分别为99.9%、99.9%、99.9%、76.3%和96.6%,具有强空间自相关性,受地形因素的影响较小.AP的C/(C₀+C)为50.0%,具有中等空间自相关性,较易受到随机因素的影响.各水解酶活性的变程均大于采样距离,表明本研究采样方法能够反映土壤酶活性在小集水区尺度的空间变异特征. 土地利用类型对NAG和AP影响显著,坡位对AP影响显著. AP与pH呈显著负相关,除NAG外,其他水解酶活性均与pH呈显著正相关.本研究为了解喀斯特典型集水区土壤水解酶的空间分布机理提供了依据.     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Stenotrachelidae, Oedemeridae, Meloidae, Myceteridae, Boridae, Pythidae, Pyrochroidae, Anthicidae, and Aderidae

We report 19 new species records for the faunal list of Coleoptera in New Brunswick, Canada, six of which are new records for the Maritime provinces, and one of which is new Canadian record. We also provide the first recent records for five additional species in New Brunswick. One new species of Stenotrachelidae, Cephaloon ungulare LeConte, is added to the New Brunswick faunal list. Additional records are provided for Cephaloon lepturides Newman, as well the first recent record of Nematoplus collaris LeConte. Two species of Oedemeridae, Asclera puncticollis (Say) and Asclera ruficollis (Say), are newly reported for New Brunswick, and additional locality and bionomic data are provided for Calopus angustus LeConte and Ditylus caeruleus (Randall). The records of Ditylus caerulus are the first recent records for the province. Three species of Meloidae, Epicauta pestifera Werner, Lytta sayi LeConte, and Meloe augustcollis Say are reported the first time for New Brunswick; Epicauta pestifera is newly recorded in Canada. Lacconotus punctatus LeConte and the family Mycteridaeis newly recorded for New Brunswick. The first recent records of Borus unicolor Say (Boridae) are reported from the province. One new species of Pythidae, Pytho siedlitzi Blair, and the first recent records of Pytho niger Kirby are added to the faunal list of New Brunswick. Three species of Pyrochroidae are newly reported for the province, including Pedilus canaliculatus (LeConte) and Pedilus elegans (Hentz), which are new for the Maritime provinces. Five species of Anthicidae and the first recent record of Anthicus cervinus LaFerté-Sénectére are newly reported for New Brunswick. Anthicus melancholicus LaFerté-Sénectère, Sapintus pubescens (LaFerté-Sénectère), Notoxus bifasciatus (LeConte), and Stereopalpus rufipes Casey are new to the Maritime provinces faunal list. Ambyderus granularis (LeConte) is removed from the faunal list of the province. Three species of Aderidae, Vanonus huronicus Casey, Zonantes fasciatus (Melsheimer), and Zonantes pallidusWerner, are newly recorded for New Brunswick; Zonantes fasciatus and Vanonus huronicus are new for the Maritime provinces' faunal list. Collection data, bionomic data, and distribution maps are presented for all these species.     

Potential Compounds for Oral Cancer Treatment: Resveratrol,Nimbolide, Lovastatin,Bortezomib, Vorinostat,Berberine, Pterostilbene,Deguelin, Andrographolide,and Colchicine

Oral cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths in South-Asian countries. There are very limited treatment options available for oral cancer. Research endeavors focused on discovery and development of novel therapies for oral cancer, is necessary to control the ever rising oral cancer related mortalities. We mined the large pool of compounds from the publicly available compound databases, to identify potential therapeutic compounds for oral cancer. Over 84 million compounds were screened for the possible anti-cancer activity by custom build SVM classifier. The molecular targets of the predicted anti-cancer compounds were mined from reliable sources like experimental bioassays studies associated with the compound, and from protein-compound interaction databases. Therapeutic compounds from DrugBank, and a list of natural anti-cancer compounds derived from literature mining of published studies, were used for building partial least squares regression model. The regression model thus built, was used for the estimation of oral cancer specific weights based on the molecular targets. These weights were used to compute scores for screening the predicted anti-cancer compounds for their potential to treat oral cancer. The list of potential compounds was annotated with corresponding physicochemical properties, cancer specific bioactivity evidences, and literature evidences. In all, 288 compounds with the potential to treat oral cancer were identified in the current study. The majority of the compounds in this list are natural products, which are well-tolerated and have minimal side-effects compared to the synthetic counterparts. Some of the potential therapeutic compounds identified in the current study are resveratrol, nimbolide, lovastatin, bortezomib, vorinostat, berberine, pterostilbene, deguelin, andrographolide, and colchicine.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.