钦州湾浮游植物周年生态特征

2008-2009年对钦州湾及附近海域进行4个季节航次的浮游植物调查,共鉴定出浮游植物131种,其中硅藻种数最多,达101种,占浮游植物总种数的77.1%;甲藻次之,23种;其他种类3门7种.浮游植物以广温性种和暖水性种为主.总种类数的季节变化与硅藻种类数均为春季最低,夏、秋、冬依次增加,冬季最高.各季节浮游植物丰度为232.28×10⁴～977.0×10⁴ cell·m^-3,平均为558.57×10⁴ cell·m^-3;各季节浮游植物丰度呈现夏、春、冬和秋依次减少的趋势;各区域浮游植物丰度四季均为由内湾至外湾先升高、到湾外逐渐降低的趋势,但在夏季其高丰度区由外湾南移至湾口附近.浮游植物群落的Shannon多样性指数和均匀度指数平均值分别为3.18和0.63,多样性水平较高.浮游植物丰度与温度、盐度、溶解性无机氮及活性磷酸盐的相关关系因季节而变化.     

广西防城港湾周年浮游植物生态特征

2007年3、6、9和12月,对防城港湾海域浮游植物的种类组成、优势种类、群落结构、丰度分布进行了调查,分析了浮游植物丰度、生物指数及其与环境因子的相关性.共鉴定出浮游植物54属138种.其中硅藻门37属112种;甲藻门12属21种;绿藻门和金藻门各2种,蓝藻门1种.全年浮游植物优势种主要为硅藻门的中肋骨条藻.浮游植物种数呈现湾内低于湾外、由春至冬减少的趋势,浮游植物细胞丰度则呈由湾内向湾外递减的趋势.不同季节调查海区浮游植物细胞丰度平面分布格局具有显著差异,夏季(6月)浮游植物丰度最高,达151.39×104 cells·dm-3,冬季(12月)丰度最低,为0.35×104 cells·dm-3.春季防城港湾海域的浮游植物多样性较高,物种较丰富.相关性分析表明,浮游植物群落分布与营养盐、水温、盐度等环境因子存在一定的相关性.西湾内的S1和S2测站,受防城江径流及潮汐等水动力条件的作用,盐度较低,富营养化程度较高,夏季时中肋骨条藻会大量增殖,甚至具有发生赤潮的隐患.     

台山附近海域浮游植物的季节变化及其与环境因子的关系

于2015年12月至2016年9月,对台山附近海域浮游植物群落结构及环境因子进行了4个季度调查。记录浮游植物113种,分属6门64属,其中以硅藻种类最多,达31属67种,占59.2%;甲藻次之,10属18种,占15.9%;硅藻的种类组成和丰度均占绝对优势,其次为甲藻、绿藻,甲藻丰度春季最高,而绿藻丰度最高则出现在夏季;浮游植物年平均丰度为7.06×105cells·L~(-1),春季明显高于其他3个季节,呈现春(2.65×106cells·L~(-1))、夏(6.3×104cells·L~(-1))、秋(5.6×104cells·L~(-1))、冬(5.4×104cells·L~(-1))递减的趋势;主要优势种有丹麦细柱藻(Leptocylindrus danicus)、洛氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros lorenzianus)、辐射圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus radiates)、布氏双尾藻(Ditylum brightwellii)、中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)和球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa)等,其中中肋骨条藻为全年优势种;浮游植物物种多样性指数、丰富度指数和均匀度年平均值分别为2.98、3.34和0.69;温度、盐度、p H、化学需氧量、硝酸盐及活性磷酸盐在不同季节不同程度影响着浮游植物群落结构,形成春季高峰的关键因子是盐度、p H和硝酸盐。     

大亚湾浮游植物群落特征

于2002年冬、春、夏和秋季对大亚湾浮游植物进行采样调查,分析了浮游植物的种类组成、丰度、优势种、多样性及群落结构的季节变化特征和平面分布特征。并讨论了浮游植物与营养盐、水温及环流等环境因子之间的关系。2002年大亚湾浮游植物共鉴定出48属114种(包括变型和变种),丰度范围在5.79×104~5.37×106cells/m3之间,平均值为1.14×106cells/m3。其中硅藻共37属84种,其种数和细胞丰度都占绝对优势,平均丰度为1.08×106cells/m3,其次为甲藻,9属23种,平均丰度为9.91×104cells/m3。此外还鉴定出蓝藻和金藻。大亚湾浮游植物丰度变化呈单一周期型,春夏季高,秋冬季节低。虽然硅藻的丰度占优势,但秋季硅藻丰度降低(占总丰度75.8%)使甲藻和蓝藻所占比例上升。研究得出春夏季大亚湾浮游植物主要以沿岸暖水性种类为主,秋季和冬季除沿岸暖水种之外,广布种和大洋种也较多,尤其在冬季后者占优势。大亚湾浮游植物优势种类多,不同季节既有交叉又有演替。与以往调查资料相比,部分优势种发生变化,优势程度顺序和细胞丰度发生了一定改变,个体较大的细胞丰度优势逐渐增加。另外,受季风、潮流、地理位置及人类活动影响,大亚湾浮游植物丰度和群落结构有一定的季节和平面分布特征。大亚湾浮游植物的多样性在夏季偏低,尤其在大亚湾核电站和大鹏澳养殖区附近表现明显。大亚湾浮游植物的丰度、种数、优势种演替及群落结构等其它群落特征与营养盐尤其是氮、磷和N/P、水温、环流等环境因子密切相关。     

碣石湾及邻近海域浮游植物群落及其季节变化

于 2008 年 4(春)、 8(夏)、 11(秋)月和 2009 年 2(冬)月对碣石湾及邻近海域浮游植物进行采样调查, 对浮游植物的种类组成、丰度季节分布特征、优势种和多样性等进行分析研究, 并讨论浮游植物与水温、营养盐、溶解氧等环境因子之间的关系。结果表明 , 碣石湾及邻近海域共记录浮游植物 3 门 71 属 187 种 (含变种、变型、未定种 ), 由硅藻(135 种 )、甲藻(49 种 )和金藻(3 种 )组成。浮游植物丰度季节性变化显著, 变化范围为 5.90× 103-1 084.00× 103 ind⋅L−1,呈单一周期型, 平均丰度春季最高(346.99× 103 ind⋅L−1), 冬季(66.11 × 103 ind⋅L−1)和秋季(41.30× 103 ind⋅L−1)次之, 夏季最低 (14.67× 103 ind⋅L−1)。丰度平面分布特征为 : 春、冬季丰度水平分布格局变呈现湾内向湾外渐减分布趋势, 而夏、秋季则相反 , 水文特征是影响其分布的主要原因。浮游植物优势种类多 , 不同季节间既有交叉又有演替。碣石湾浮游植物群落特征与环境因子密切相关。     

深圳湾浮游植物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系

为研究深圳湾海域浮游植物的群落结构及其与水环境的关系, 分别于春夏秋冬(2013年8月至2014年4月)四个季度对深圳湾进行采样分析, 并对调查区域内的浮游植物及其主要环境因子进行了相关性分析。结果表明, 深圳湾海域共鉴定出浮游植物111种(包括变种和变型)：硅藻35属86种, 甲藻4属15种, 绿藻6属6种, 蓝藻3属4种, 其中硅藻门是主要的优势类群, 占总种数的77.5%, 其次是甲藻门, 占总种数的13.5%, 绿藻门和蓝藻门分别占总种数的5%和4%。浮游植物种类组成以广温广盐种和暖水种为主, 中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)是该海域常年优势种。深圳湾海域浮游植物细胞丰度年波动范围为28.64-462.46×104 cells·m–3, 平均值为156.43×104 cells·m–3, 其季节变化趋势为秋季>夏季>冬季>春季。浮游植物多样性指数和均匀度指数变化范围分别为0.11-4.06和0.04-0.90, 多样性指数和均匀度指数均偏低, 群落结构趋于单一化, 稳定性差。浮游植物细胞丰度与环境因子的相关性关系在不同季节有显著差别, 其中无机氮与浮游植物细胞丰度之间呈现正相关关系。     

飞云江口附近海域浮游动物群落特征

根据2010—2011年在飞云江附近海域(27°46'N—27°75'N,120°66'E—121°01'E)秋、冬、春3个季节的调查资料,分析了浮游动物的种类组成及多样性分布、总丰度的平面分布和季节变化及其与水团变化的关系。结果表明:飞云江口附近水域秋、冬、春三季共鉴定出浮游动物60种,分属于11大类;秋季检出浮游动物9大类42种,冬季检出5大类20种,春季检出8大类34种;调查水域浮游动物丰度在秋、冬之间和冬、春之间有较大变化,秋、冬、春三季浮游动物平均丰度分别为221.69、19.52和137.50 ind·m-3;秋、冬、春季种类数近岸较少,外海较多;三季中,秋季浮游动物Shannon多样性指数最高,高值区位于调查水域的东南部,其次为春季,最高值出现在飞云江口外海域,冬季为三季最低,最高值出现在调查水域北侧岛群之间;中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)是冬、春季影响总丰度变化最主要的种类,秋季总丰度变化主要受针刺拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus aculeatus)和百陶箭虫(Sagitta bedoti)影响;各水团随季节变化此消彼长共同作用于研究水域,对该水域浮游动物数量分布和群落组成产生相应的影响。     

水东湾海域浮游植物潮汐分布特征及其与环境因子的关系

2014年秋、冬两季,每个季节在大潮期和小潮期对水东湾海域浮游植物群落结构和环境因子进行了调查,共鉴定出4门57属134种。其中硅藻门42属106种,占浮游植物种类数的79.1%;甲藻门13属26种,占浮游植物种类数的19.4%;蓝藻门1属1种,占浮游植物种类数的0.8%;针胞藻纲1属1种,占浮游植物种类数的0.8%。优势种15种,主要为尖布纹藻Gyrosigma aluminatum、圆海链藻Thalassiosira rotula、中肋骨条藻Skeletonema costatum、丹麦细柱藻Leptocylindrus danicus和舟形鞍链藻Campylosira cymbelliformis等。4个航次共有种类数在18—40种,Jaccard种类相似性指数范围在0.200—0.404,多样性指数和均匀度平均值分别为2.60和0.60。秋季大、小潮期多样性指数差异较显著(P0.05),冬季细胞丰度、多样性指数和均匀度大、小潮期均无明显差异。浮游植物细胞丰度变化范围为0.95×10~4个/L—28.0×10~4个/L,平均为6.86×10~4个/L,平均丰度冬季小潮期(9.46×10~4个/L)秋季小潮期(7.56×10~4个/L)冬季大潮期(5.97×10~4个/L)秋季大潮期(4.44×10~4个/L)。主成分分析(PCA)表明:盐度和营养盐可能是影响水东湾海域生态环境的主导因子。对水东湾海域浮游植物群落结构与主要环境因子进行Spearman相关性分析,细胞丰度与盐度在秋季大、小潮期为负相关,在冬季大、小潮期呈显著正相关;与无机氮和磷酸盐在冬季大、小潮期呈极显著负相关,在秋季大、小潮期均无相关性。冬季小潮期水温与多样性指数、均匀度和细胞丰度均呈正相关;从测定结果来看浮游植物细胞丰度、多样性指数和均匀度与叶绿素a含量均无统计学意义上的相关性。     

东洞庭湖浮游植物特征调查

研究了2014年春、夏、秋、冬4个季度东洞庭湖浮游植物的特征,共检出浮游植物6门54种;密度变化在77×104-156×104个/L之间,季节变化表现为夏季秋季春季冬季,优势种种数较多,多样性指数较好,表明东洞庭湖浮游植群落结构比较完整。     

富营养湖泊大型围隔(栏)内的浮游植物研究

对建在武汉东湖大型围隔、围栏内的浮游植物进行了１８个月的研究,结果表明：围隔（栏）和对照区的浮游植物共有７门８９属,全年均以绿藻、蓝藻和硅藻种类最多,围隔中的绿藻种类多于围栏和对照区,其它门类在各群落间无明显差别,浮游植物的种类依秋、夏、春、冬的次序减少,各季节均以绿藻种类最多,其次为蓝藻和硅藻。藻类密度则以春、夏、冬、秋的次序递减,隐藻、绿藻、硅藻、蓝藻的数量之和约占总数的９５％以上。各区中浮游     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.