模拟高原低氧对新生大鼠肾上腺皮质功能发育的影响

本文探讨新生大鼠肾上腺皮质对高原低氧的应签及模拟高原低氧对其功能发育的影响。结果表明,当不同日龄大鼠于５ｋｍ及７ｋｍ海拔２４ｈ,７ｄ,１４ｄ龄大鼠肾上腺皮质无明显应答反应。２１ｄ及２８ｄ龄大鼠肾上腺皮质酮水平随海拔增高而增加,血浆皮质酮表现为抑制作用。     

低氧对大鼠体液免疫的抑制作用

本实验以模拟高原低氧的方法,探讨了低氧对大鼠体液免疫的作用,并与高原鼠兔比较,体液免疫以溶血素和ＩｇＧ产生为指标。实验结果：与对照组相比,大鼠低氧１０ｄ,５ｋｍ海拔抑制溶血素形成１０．３％,７ｋｍ海拔抑制溶血素形成２１．９％;经再次免疫后又低氧１０ｄ,５ｋｍ海拔抑制溶血素形成４．２％,７ｋｍ海拔抑制溶血素形成４．６％,高原土著动物高原鼠兔则不表现上述的抑制现象;大鼠经ＳＲＢＣ腹腔致敏形成２ｄ后低氧     

低氧对氧生大鼠下丘脑促勇上腺皮质激素释放激素发育的…

本文研究模拟高原低氧下新生和胚胎大鼠发育时,下丘脑内肿肾上腺皮质激素及垂体环磷酸腺苷水平的变化,结果表明：５ｋｍ海拔高度抑制下丘脑ＣＲＦ的发育,当以育至２５天和３０天时,ＣＲＦ含量分别为对照组的６４．８％和５７．９％。此时,体重分别为４７．８％和５２．９％,３０天时,ｃＡＭＰ为２０．８％,本研究还显示,在７ｋｍ海拔高度已怀孕大鼠难以完成正常的妊娠和胎儿发育过程,５ｋｍ海拔高拔高度暴露１７天时,胚胎     

急性低氧下去甲肾上腺素对大鼠淋巴细胞转化的调节作用

本研究以模拟高原低氧方法,观察低氧作用于大鼠细胞免疫功能以及去甲肾上腺素对免疫作用的调节机制。实验结果：与对照相比,７ｋｍ急性低氧２４ｈ淋巴细胞转化下降４１％（Ｐ〈０．０１）;５ｋｍ低氧暴露时间为７ｄ,２０ｄ时,低氧抑制淋巴细胞转化,分别下降３４％和６０％（Ｐ〈０．０１）,侧脑室注入５ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＮＥ,淋巴细胞转化比对照下降２９％（Ｐ〈０．０１）,７ｋｍ１０ｈ低氧暴露时,侧脑室注入酚妥拉明２５μ     

新生大鼠下丘脑CRF和AVP神经元对急性低氧的应答

目的:观察肾上腺摘除新生大鼠下丘脑促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(CRF)和精氨酸加压素(AVP)神经元对急性低氧的应答.方法:在低压氧舱中模拟高海拔低氧,用放免法测定AVP和CRP含量.结果:新生大鼠暴露于急性低氧环境下(模拟5 000 m和7 000 m海拔高度,24 h),其下丘脑CRP在3 d和7 d龄大鼠中无明显变化,但14d、21 d和28 d时低于对照;下丘脑AVP在3 d大鼠中亦无变化,但14 d时低于对照,7 d、21 d及28 d时高于对照.两者对低氧的应答模式随日龄而变化.摘除肾上腺后,14 d、21 d及28 d大鼠下丘脑CRF和AVP含量均显著低于同龄完整大鼠,此时暴露于急性低氧环境下,CRF和AVP无进一步的变化.结论:摘除肾上腺抑制下丘脑CRF和AVP的发育,影响它们对低氧应激的正常应答.     

低氧对新生大鼠下丘脑促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素发育的影响

本文研究模拟高原低氧下新生和胚胎大鼠发育时,下丘脑内促肾上腺皮质激素（ＣＲＦ）及垂体环磷酸腺苷（ｃＡＭＰ）水平的变化。结果表明：５ｋｍ海拔高度抑制下丘脑ＣＲＦ的发育,当发育至２５天和３０天时,ＣＲＦ含量分别为对照组的６４．８％和５７．９％。此时,体重分别为４７．８％和５２．９％。３０天时,ｃＡＭＰ为２０．８％。本研究还显示,在７ｋｍ海拔高度,已怀孕大鼠难以完成正常的妊娠和胎儿发育过程,５ｋｍ海拔高度暴露１７天时,胚胎脑内ＣＲＦ含量高于对照。     

模拟高原低氧对不同性别新生大鼠下丘脑 CRF和AVP水平的影响

目的:探讨高原低氧对雌雄新生大鼠下丘脑-腺垂体-肾上腺皮质轴中枢部位肽能神经元发育的影响.方法:在低压氧舱中模拟高海拔低氧,用放免法测定精氨酸加压素(AVP)和下丘脑促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(CRF)含量.结果:无论是在2 300 m对照海拔,还是在5 000 m模拟海拔,雌雄生后大鼠具相同的发育模式.低氧下发育至21 d时,CRF水平显著低于对照;相反,21 d及28 d时,低氧组AVP水平高于对照.结论:下丘脑CRF和AVP神经元间不同的发育模式可能与它们的功能及发育阶段特性相异有关.     

低氧对新生大鼠脾单个核细胞DNA合成及转化的影响

本研究以荧光法测定脾单个核细胞ＤＮＡ合成及ＭＴＴ比色法测定的脾单个核细胞对ＣｏｎＡ的增殖反应,观察模拟高原低氧对出生后１４天大鼠上述两指标的影响,同时也观察了交感神经和副交感神经的活动状态,以初步探讨低氧对上述两指标的作用是如何介导的。结果表明：５ｋｍ海拔高度低氧作用２４ｈ不抑制脾单个细胞ＤＮＡ合成及脾单个核细胞转化,而作用５天时则抑制ＤＮＡ合成及脾单个核细胞转化,分别为对照组的５６．６％（Ｐ＜０．０１）和８６．８％（Ｐ＜０．０５）;７ｋｍ海拔高度低氧作用２４ｈ,ＤＮＡ合成及脾单个核细胞转化均受抑制,分别为对照组的６１．０％（Ｐ＜０．０１）和８１．２％（Ｐ＜０．０１）;７ｋｍ海拔２４ｈ低氧导致脾脏中乙酰胆碱下降,儿茶酚胺升高;用ＤＳＰ－４中枢药理性损毁ＮＥ神经元,可使脾单个核细胞ＤＮＡ合成的抑制程度减弱,脾脏中儿茶酚胺含量下降。这些结果表明低氧可抑制新生大鼠脾单个核细胞的ＤＮＡ合成及转化,并可能与交感神经兴奋及副交感神经抑制有关     

促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子介导低氧应激抑制淋巴细胞转化的实验研究

本实验以模拟高原低氧方法观察大鼠淋巴细胞对丝裂原（ＣｏｎＡ）的反应性及促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子（ＣＲＦ）介导急性低氧的免疫调节作用。实验结果表明：急性低氧可抑制大鼠外周血淋巴细胞转化,高原土著动物高原鼠兔（Ｏｃｈｏｔｏｎａｃｕｒｚｏｎｉａｅ）则不表现这种低氧抑制作用;肾上腺完整和肾上腺摘除大鼠第三脑室给予外源性ＣＲＦ１μｇ,表现出与低氧作用类似的淋巴细胞转化下降现象;低氧时第三脑室给予高效价ＣＲＦ抗血清可部分阻断低氧抑制作用。放射免疫分析法检测外周血浆中ＣＲＦ和皮质酮水平显示急性低氧大鼠血浆ＣＲＦ、皮质酮水平均升高,高原鼠兔无明显变化。因而,本研究提示：急性低氧可抑制淋巴细胞转化,ＣＲＦ是介导急性低氧抑制淋巴细胞转化的一种因子,而与肾上腺皮质激素的变化可能无关,高原鼠兔免疫功能对低氧不敏感。     

低氧对雄性高原鼠兔性腺的影响

在人工模拟低氧环境下（低压舱模拟５０００ｍ和７０００ｍ海拔高度）,低氧暴露２４ｈ和７ｄ,观察低氧对受试动物性腺的影响。结果表明,急性低氧２４ｈ,高原鼠兔血浆雌二醇（Ｅ２）明显升高;低氧暴露７ｄ,高原鼠兔血浆Ｅ２仍维持一较高水平;５０００ｍ低氧暴露７ｄ,其睾丸指数无明显变化,７０００ｍ时却有所降低。同等条件下,大鼠睾丸指数明显增高;５０００ｍ和７０００ｍ低氧暴露７ｄ对高原鼠兔睾丸组织形态无明显影响,然而,大鼠曲细精管间隙增大,且曲细精管内各级细胞排列紊乱。低氧环境下,高原鼠兔雄体血浆Ｅ２增高,可能是其低氧适应的特征之一     

高原鼠兔肾上腺皮质功能的每日节律及急性低氧效应

机体对各种有害刺激如冷、热、毒、损伤、缺氧等均产生应激反应,表现出肾上腺皮质功能增强,皮质激素分泌增加,从而提高了机体对外界恶劣环境的适应能力与耐受能力。本文试图探讨高原上的土生动物--高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)对低氧应激反应的特点,以及高原鼠兔肾上腺皮质酮分泌的每日节律(Circadian rhythm);并与实验大鼠进行比较。     

Elevated corticosterone and inhibition of ACTH responses to CRH and ether in the neonatal rat: effect of hypoxia from birth

Hypoxia is a common cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. We have previously demonstrated a dramatic ACTH-independent activation of adrenal steroidogenesis in hypoxic neonatal rats, leading to increases in circulating corticosterone levels. The purpose of the present study was to determine if this ACTH-independent increase in corticosterone inhibits the ACTH response to acute stimuli. Neonatal rats were exposed to normoxia (control) or hypoxia from birth to 5 or 7 days of age. At the end of the exposure, plasma ACTH and corticosterone were measured before and after either ether vapors were administered for 3 min or CRH (10 microg/kg) was given intraperitoneally. Thyroid function, pituitary pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA and ACTH content, and hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and AVP mRNA were also assessed. Hypoxia led to a significant increase in corticosterone without a large increase in ACTH, confirming previous studies. The ACTH responses to ether or CRH administration were almost completely inhibited in hypoxic pups. Hypoxia did not affect the established regulators of the neonatal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, including pituitary POMC or ACTH content, hypothalamic CRH, NPY, or AVP mRNA (parvo- or magnocellular), or thyroid function. We conclude that hypoxia from birth to 5 or 7 days of age leads to an attenuated ACTH response to acute stimuli, most likely due to glucocorticoid negative feedback. The neural and biochemical mechanism of this effect has yet to be elucidated.     

Structural organization of the adrenal cortex in rats with different types of autonomic reactivity under standard conditions and after exposure to different altitudes

The structural organization of adrenal cortex has been studied in intact rats and after short-term hypoxia exposure on different altitudes (2, 6, 8, 11 km). Previously rats have been divided into 3 groups by adrenaline test for determining of vegetative reactivity type. It has been found that some histochemical and morphometric indices of adrenal cortex had peculiarities with respect to type of vegetative reactivity (width of zones, their ratio, nuclear diameter, ascorbic acid content and its distribution and other) in intact rats. Under altitude these differences form individual character of steroidogenesis and determine resistance and reactivity of organism.     

The role of initial state of adrenal cortex in external irradiation effects upon its structure, function and androgen-receptor interactions

We studied morphological-biochemical time-course reactions of adrenal cortex and hormonal function of testicles after combined or separate actions of external radiation exposure (1.0 Gy at 7.8 x 10(-4) Gy/sec) and prolonged (12-, 32 days) subcutaneous corticosterone injections (10 mg/kg/animal) in 2-3-month old male rats. Both variants with exogenous hormone depressed endogenous glucocorticoid production and evolved acute structure-functional adrenal gland cortex deficiency. Radiocensitivity of the gland at the experimental conditions was increased. Simultaneously the aggravation of adrenal cortex functional activity accompanied with hypogonadism and depressed reproductive potential of male rats, accessed by means of androgen status and androgenspecific (transporting and receptional) proteins characteristics as sensitive molecular markers of an animal possible fecundity.     

Neonatal hypoxic hyperlipidemia in the rat: effects on aldosterone and corticosterone synthesis in vitro

Neonatal hypoxia increases aldosterone production and plasma lipids. Because fatty acids can inhibit aldosterone synthesis, we hypothesized that increases in plasma lipids restrain aldosteronogenesis in the hypoxic neonate. We exposed rats to 7 days of hypoxia from birth to 7 days of age (suckling) or from 28 to 35 days of age (weaned at day 21). Plasma was analyzed for lipid content, and steroidogenesis was studied in dispersed whole adrenal glands untreated and treated to wash away lipids. Hypoxia increased plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and nonesterified fatty acids in the suckling neonatal rat only. Washing away lipids increased aldosterone production in cells from 7-day-old rats exposed to hypoxia, but not in cells from normoxic 7-day-old rats or from normoxic or hypoxic 35-day-old rats. Addition of oleic or linolenic acid to washed cells inhibited both aldosterone and corticosterone production, although cells from hypoxic 7-day-old rats were less sensitive. We conclude that hypoxia induces hyperlipidemia in the suckling neonate and that elevated nonesterified fatty acids inhibit aldosteronogenesis.     

低氧暴露条件下高原鼠兔和大鼠HPA轴活动的比较

采用人工模拟低气压低氧的方法比较研究了不同程度（模拟海拔5 km和7 km)和不同时间（24d和5d）低氧暴露,对大鼠和高原鼠兔（Ochotona curzoniae）下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质 (hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenalcortex,HPA)轴活动的影响。结果如下：7 km低氧暴露24 h,大鼠下丘脑的促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素（corticotropin-releasing actor,CRF）和肾上腺皮质激素皮质酮分泌显著增加,大鼠HPA低氧暴露对大鼠HPA 轴活动无显著差异。低氧暴露5天后,大鼠7 km、5 km组的HPA轴活动与对照相比无明显差异。低氧暴露对高原鼠兔的HPA轴无明显影响。上述结果表明：低氧暴露的时间和程度与大鼠HPA的活动密切相关;从HPA的活动来看,高原鼠兔表现出较强的低氧耐受性。