人趋化因子MIP-3α的原核可溶性表达及趋化活性分析

目的:克隆人趋化因子MIP3α,进行原核表达并初步鉴定其趋化活性。方法:从人扁桃体中提取总RNA,进行RTPCR,扩增MIP3α成熟蛋白基因,重组于pET32a( )载体,转化大肠杆菌BL21TrxB(DE3),进行融合表达,Westernblot验证融合蛋白,金属离子亲和层析,肠激酶酶切,弱阳离子交换层析,得到纯化的MIP3α蛋白,趋化试验鉴定其趋化活性。结果:成功构建了MIP3α天然蛋白的硫氧还蛋白融合表达载体,表达并纯化出MIP3α蛋白,Westernblot证明融合蛋白能与羊抗人MIP3α抗体结合,纯化的MIP3α蛋白能趋化HEK293CCR6稳定转染细胞。结论:构建的天然MIP3α融合表达载体以可溶性蛋白的方式稳定表达MIP3α,初步纯化得到的MIP3α具有趋化HEK293CCR6稳定转染细胞的活性。     

枯草杆菌谷氨酰胺转胺酶的克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的融合表达

利用PCR技术 ,从枯草杆菌DB40 3染色体上扩增出谷氨酰胺转胺酶基因 ,将其克隆到大肠杆菌载体pET32a( + )中 ,成功构建谷氨酰胺转胺酶表达载体pET32-BTGase ,并转化大肠杆菌BL2 1 (DE3)。重组克隆在IPTG诱导下 ,表达出硫氧还蛋白 谷氨酰胺转胺酶 (Trx-BTGase)融合蛋白 ,表达量占细菌总蛋白量的 2 6%。利用金属螯合层析纯化菌体裂解上清中表达的融合蛋白 ,纯度超过 80 %,再通过分子筛层析进一步纯化得到融合蛋白纯品。酶活性分析表明表达的Trx-BTGase融合蛋白具有交联蛋白的活性 ,并发现Trx-BTGase融合蛋白和经凝血酶酶切后得到的BTGase单体都能催化牛血清白蛋白的聚合反应     

小鼠beta防御素2原核表达与抗菌作用的初步研究

构建小鼠β-防御素-2( mouse beta defensins 2,mBD2)原核表达质粒pET32/mBD2,进行蛋白诱导表达及纯化,测定并纯化蛋白的抗菌活性.旨在为选一步研究其生物学特性奠定基础.通过腹腔注射脂多糖(lipopoly-saccharide,LPS)建立小鼠急性时相反应,采用RT-PCR方法扩增mBD2成熟肽,经KpnⅠ和XhoⅠ双酶切后插入相同酶切的pET-32a(+)载体,构建的重组质粒.将鉴定正确的重组质粒转化大肠杆菌表达菌株BL21 (DE3),采用异丙基-D-硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导融合蛋白的表达.通过镍亲和层析获得纯化的融合蛋白.将融合蛋白采用肠激酶酶切、洗脱并用滤纸片法测定目的蛋白的抗菌活性.成功构建了原核表达质粒pET32a(+)/mBD2,并转化工程菌BL21( DE3).在0.25 mmol/L IPTG、30℃诱导4h条件下获得的融合蛋白.采用抑菌试验证实蛋白具有一定的抑制革兰阳性菌及阴性菌生长的作用.本研究成功构建了pET32/mBD2原核表达质粒,得到了在大肠杆菌中稳定表达mBD2蛋白.     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌TF28抗菌蛋白AP1的表达、纯化与抑菌活性

本研究采用人工合成方法合成抗菌蛋白基因AP1,连接到p ET32a(+)表达载体,导入E.coli BL21菌株进行原核表达,表达产物经HIS柱纯化和肠激酶切割后测定抑菌活性。人工合成了分子量为321 bp的抗菌蛋白基因AP1,获得了p ET32a(+)-AP1-BL21基因工程菌株,该菌株在0.1 mmol/L IPTG,25℃诱导2 h,蛋白表达率为43.2%,HIS柱纯化后获得SDS-PAGE电泳一条带分子量为27 k D的融合蛋白,其含量为124.82 mg/L,收率为92%,肠激酶切割后的蛋白能抑制大豆根腐病菌和水稻恶苗病菌的生长。获得高效表达抗菌蛋白AP1的工程菌株,该菌株表达的抗菌蛋白纯化后具有抑菌活性,在植病生防方面具有应用潜力。     

菠菜SoHb基因的原核表达及功能分析

为了进一步揭示菠菜非共生血红蛋白(SoHb)的功能,通过RT-PCR的方法从菠菜根中克隆了SoHb基因编码区全长序列,并将其克隆到原核表达载体pET32a上,构建原核表达载体p ET32a-SoHb,并转化大肠杆菌BL21 star(DE3)获得原核表达工程菌株。通过IPTG法诱导该重组质粒在大肠杆菌中得到高效表达,融合蛋白分子质量约为38 kDa,且在上清液和包涵体中均有表达,可溶性部分经Ni2+NTA亲和柱纯化,获得纯化的融合蛋白。与空载体相比,重组菌对硝化胁迫的抗性增加。以纯化的融合蛋白为抗原免疫昆明小鼠,制备多克隆抗体,并对其进行了Western blot检测。实验结果为进一步研究菠菜SoHb基因功能奠定了基础。     

不同标签辅助的IBTX原核表达纯化及活性鉴定

目的:在原核体系中建立高效表达纯化IBTX(Iberiotoxin)的工艺,并比较不同标签对IBTX生物活性的影响。方法:利用引物搭桥的方法,经PCR扩增,获得IBTX编码基因,以此为模板分别构建了表达质粒PET32a(+)-IBTX、pGex-6p-1-IBTX、pDuet-MBP-IBTX,并将其转入E.coli(BL21)分别表达带有硫氧还原蛋白(TRX)、谷胱甘肽巯基转移酶(GST)、麦芽糖结合蛋白(MBP)标签的IBTX融合蛋白,在经过亲和层析、烟草蚀纹病毒(TEV)蛋白酶酶切、C18反向层析纯化后真空冻干得到IBTX干粉,以电生理实验检测其生物活性。结果:在三种标签帮助下通过原核体系表达出的IBTX都能够特异性的阻断大电导Ca2+激活的钾通道(BK)电流,其中MBP帮助折叠的m-IBTX活性最佳。结论:建立了IBTX在MBP标签帮助下的原核表达纯化工艺,为进一步研究蝎钾离子通道α家族神经毒素及其突变体的原核表达奠定了基础。     

小鼠β-防御素30的原核表达和纯化

目的:在原核细胞中表达小鼠β-防御素30(DEFB30),并对表达产物进行鉴定和纯化。方法:用RT-PCR方法扩增小鼠Defb30的cDNA序列,将2个拷贝的cDNA序列串联连入原核表达载体pET28(a),构建重组表达载体pET28(a)-Defb30,并将重组表达载体转化至大肠杆菌Rosetta(DE3),IPTG诱导表达,以Western印迹分析表达产物His-DEFB30,用Ni-NTA亲和柱纯化融合蛋白。结果:构建了Defb30基因的原核表达载体,经IPTG诱导,相对分子质量约15×103的融合蛋白获得表达,Western印迹分析证实此蛋白即为目的蛋白,经Ni-NTA柱亲和纯化,获得了高纯度的融合蛋白His-DEFB30。结论:获得了在大肠杆菌中表达的DEFB30,为研究该蛋白的免疫避孕效果、抗菌活性奠定了基础。     

鸽β-防御素5基因克隆及其抗菌活性

从鸽的骨髓和肝组织中扩增到2个禽β-防御素(AvBD)基因,在大肠杆菌中高效表达,检测其重组蛋白的抗菌活性。应用RT-PCR方法从鸽的骨髓和肝脏组织中扩增AvBD5基因,根据已发现的禽β-防御素和部分哺乳类动物β-防御素-5的氨基酸序列构建系统进化树,将该基因克隆到大肠杆菌原核表达载体pGEX-6p-1上进行原核表达,对该重组蛋白进行纯化,测定体外抗菌活性与理化特性。测序得到这2个基因的cDNA大小均为201 bp,编码66个氨基酸残基,内含6个位置保守的半胱氨酸残基。经遗传进化分析发现,该基因推导的两组氨基酸序列与鸭AvBD5的同源性最高,分别为87.9%和78.8%,这两组氨基酸序列的同源性为83.3%。因此,将其分别命名为鸽AvBD5α(骨髓)和鸽AvBD5β(肝脏)。进一步将这两个基因分别亚克隆到大肠杆菌pGEX-6p-1载体中进行原核表达。两个重组融合蛋白经纯化后,通过菌落计数法测定其体外抗菌活性,盐离子浓度对其抗菌活性的影响,及其融合蛋白的溶血活性。结果表明,重组鸽AvBD 5α、AvBD 5β融合蛋白的分子量约为32 kDa。具有明显的抗菌活性,对12种细菌均有不同程度的抑制作用,高盐浓度对其抗菌活性显著影响。此外,这两个重组蛋白对红细胞无显著溶血活性。     

人源TNFα的原核表达及活性测定

目的:利用SUMO标签构建人TNFα原核表达载体,通过表达及纯化获得重组蛋白,为深入研究和利用人TNFα奠定基础。方法:利用PCR技术,从质粒pET32a-hTNFα中扩增出人TNFα成熟肽编码序列,并在其上游添加SUMO标签,与原核表达载体pET28a连接,构建表达质粒pET28a-SUMO-hTNFα。在BL21(DE3)工程菌中表达融合蛋白,经Ni-NTA纯化体系纯化,切除SUMO标签,纯化获得hTNFα成熟蛋白。CCK-8法检测TNFα对L929细胞的细胞毒性,以测定TNFα的生物学活性。结果:成功构建pET28a-SUMO-hTNFα原核表达质粒,酶切鉴定和测序分析与预期结果完全一致。在BL21(DE3)工程菌中实现了融合蛋白的可溶性表达。经纯化、水解酶切除标签及再次纯化获得hTNFα成熟肽。CCK-8法检测得所制备的TNFα蛋白ED50约为12.8μg/ml。结论:成功构建原核表达载体pET28a-SUMO-hTNFα,经表达、纯化、酶切及再纯化,获得有生物活性的hTNFα蛋白,为深入研究和利用hTNFα奠定基础。     

人乙醛脱氢酶2的原核表达及其活性的鉴定

商品化的乙醛脱氢酶主要从动物细胞、肝细胞线粒体中提取,其来源受到很大的限制,而且价格昂贵。为了解决乙醛脱氢酶原料有限的问题,利用微生物发酵法获取乙醛脱氢酶。将人乙醛脱氢酶2基因(aldh2)克隆至原核表达载体p ET32a中,构建重组载体p ET32a-ALDH2。将构建的重组载体转化大肠杆菌E.coli BL21(DE3),用异丙基硫代-β-D-半乳糖苷(IPTG)进行诱导,SDS-PAGE电泳结果显示目的蛋白得到大量表达;且对诱导表达条件进行优化。结果显示,在37℃,1.0 mmol/L IPTG诱导表达6 h为最优表达条件。由于目的蛋白几乎都是以包涵体形式表达,为了得到有活性的乙醛脱氢酶,对包涵体变性、复性和纯化进行了研究。试验数据显示,酶的最终得率为14.49 U/L。并通过用Bradford法,测定复性蛋白的浓度约为77μg/m L,进行活性检测表明,该复性蛋白具有乙醛脱氢酶活性,酶活性约为1.449 U/m L。通过构建重组载体p ET32a-ALDH2和优化表达条件,aldh2在原核表达宿主E.coli BL21(DE3)得到大量表达;此外,利用透析复性法得到的复性蛋白酶活性有所提高。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.     

（鱼句）亚科花（鱼骨）型鱼类骨骼系统的比较

对我国花型Hemibarbuspattern鱼类作了骨骼系统比较,结果表明,此类型鱼类脑颅较长,副蝶骨平直或稍弯曲,眶蝶骨腹纵嵴发达(铜鱼Coreius septentrionalis例外),下颞窝和咽突中等大,基枕骨后突发达;脑颅中的上筛骨的后突、侧筛骨的外筛突,蝶耳骨的外突、上耳骨的后突、围眶骨和后颞窝等均有明显的差异;咽颅中的舌颌骨、尾舌骨、鳃盖骨和下咽齿的列数等又有显著的区别;附肢骨骼中的腰带骨、脊椎骨中的复合神经骨和第4椎骨腹侧的悬器等也有不同之处。据此,这些差异和区别可作为属间或种间的分类依据。