中国七纺蛛属二新种(蜘蛛目:节板蛛科)

记述了采自湖南省的七纺蛛层2新种：慈利七纺蛛,新种Heptathela ciliensis sp.nov和索溪峪七纺蛛,新种Heptathela suoxiyuensis sp.nov。模式标本保存在湖南师范大学生命科学学院。文中量度单位mm。     

中国七纺蛛属1新种（蜘蛛目：节板蛛科）

记述我国节板蛛科七纺蛛属1新种,命名为佘氏七纺蛛,新种Heptathela shei sp.nov.。     

中国七纺蛛属2新种(蜘蛛目:节板蛛科)

记述采白湖北省的七纺蛛属2新种:岁田七纺蛛,新种 Ileptathela luotianensis sp. nov. 和咸宁七纺蛛,新种 Heptathela xianmngensis sp. nov.。     

中国七纺蛛属一新种及其变异型(蜘蛛目:节板蛛科)

记叙采自湖南省衡阳县gou嵝蜂的七纺蛛属一新种,gou嵝七纺蛛Heptathela goulouensis sp.nov.,及其变异型-雌蛛纳精器官的孪生现象。     

中国隅隙蛛属Tegecoelotes 1新种(蜘蛛目:暗蛛科:隙蛛亚科)

记述了采自中国吉林省长白山地区的隅隙蛛属Tegecoelotes 1新种:弱齿隅隙蛛,新种T. dysodentatus sp. nov. .本新种近似于亚隅隙蛛T. secundus (Paik, 1971) (Wang, 2002:133, f. 375～380),但生殖器有如下区别:(1) 雄蛛膝节突末端向外侧弯曲;(2)引导器末端向背侧弯曲且与中突的间距较大;(3)盾板突较钝;(4)盾板外侧边缘的薄片较宽;(5)雌蛛外雌器齿弱且间距宽;(6)纳精囊头较后者细.本新种以雌性副模外雌器齿较弱而得名.     

湖南白云洞雷文蛛属一新种(蜘蛛目:线蛛科)

记述了中国线蛛科Nemesiidae雷文蛛属Raveniola 1新种,城步雷文蛛Raveniola chengbuensis sp.nov.,新种与中国雷文蛛Raveniola chinensis(Kulczynski,1901)相似,但两者如下区别：1）纳精囊形状不同,2）新种前眼列近端直,而后者的前眼列后曲;3）新种的头胸部比后者的显得更狭长,新种以其模式产地而命名,模式标本保存于湖南师范大学生命科学学院,文中量度单位为mm。     

中国新园蛛属三新种(蜘蛛目,园蛛科)(英文)

记述中国园蛛科新园蛛属3新种:朱氏新园蛛Neoscona zhui sp.nov.,黄色新园蛛N.flavescenssp.nov.和崇左新园蛛N.chongzuoensis sp.nov.模式标本保存在河北大学博物馆。文中测量单位为mm。朱氏新园蛛,新种Neoscona zhuisp.nov.(图1~9)正模♀,福建武夷山自然保护区,2003年7月17日,张超采。副模1♂,福建武夷山自然保护区,2003年7月17日,张超采。新种与多褶新园蛛N.multiplicans(Chamberlin,1924)近似,区别为:1)新种雌蛛的外雌器基部窄,垂体较长;2)新种外雌器垂体的的侧隆起位于中部,而多褶新园蛛的侧隆起位于垂体的末端;3)新种触肢器的引导器有1骨质化的裂片,而多褶新园蛛无裂片;4)两者中突齿的位置不同;5)新种基节Ⅳ具1肉质的小瘤状突起,而多褶新园蛛无小突起。新种与类青新园蛛N.scylloides(B senberg & Strand,1906)近似,区别为:1)新种雌蛛外雌器的垂体短;2)新种中突相对较小;3)新种触肢器的顶突基部具1凹陷,而类青新园蛛无凹陷;4)两者胫节Ⅱ的刚毛数不同。词源:新种...     

越南硬皮地蛛一新种(蜘蛛目,地蛛科)(英文)

报道越南地蛛科硬皮地蛛属1新种,三岛硬皮地蛛Calommata tamdaoensis sp.nov.。模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所。三岛硬皮地蛛,新种Calommata tamdaoensissp.nov.(图1～8)新种近似于梅氏硬皮地蛛Calommata megae Fourie,Haddad & Jocqué,2011,但新种触肢胫节极度膨大,而梅氏硬皮地蛛正常,无膨大;新种引导器粗壮,梅氏硬皮地蛛引导器开始狭窄过半后慢慢变宽;引导器远侧端具有1个很大的齿,但梅氏硬皮地蛛具1个小齿。正模♂,越南永福省三岛国家自然公园,2003年6月7日,范鼎飒采。词源:新种种名源自模式产地。     

中国重庆洞穴喀蛛属一新种记述(蜘蛛目,球体蛛科)

记述了采自中国重庆洞穴内的球体蛛科喀蛛属1新种,心形喀蛛Karstia cordata sp.nov.,模式标本保存在四川大学自然博物馆(SCUM).心形喀蛛,新种Karstia cordata sp.nov.(图1～18)新种与上扬子喀蛛K.upperyangtzica Chen,2010相似,但它们的区别在于:前者具1插入器附片,后者缺失;前者插入器突不分叉,后者多分叉;前者中突表面呈具细齿锉刀状,后者光滑;前者雌性生殖板呈心形,后者为近三角形,前者纳精囊宽且长,后者窄而短.正模♂,产自中国重庆市武隆县土地乡天生村硝洞(29.53°N,107.85°E;海拔1050 m),2010-10-17.副模:1 ♂,3♀ ♀,采集信息同正模;2 ♂♂,10♀ ♀,产自四川省华蓥市洋河镇盐井沟村垛子石洞(30.29°N,106.77°E),2010-10-16,均为林玉成和窦亮采集.词源:新种种名源自拉丁词语cordatus(心形的),意指该种雌性生殖板形状;形容词.     

中国西南安拉蛛属两新种记述(蛛形纲,愈螯蛛科)

记述了采自贵州洞穴和云南西双版纳雨林的愈螯蛛科安拉蛛属2新种,盘县安拉蛛Anapistula panensis sp.nov.和郑氏安拉蛛Anapistula zhengi sp.nov.,模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所(IZCAS).盘县安拉蛛,新种Anapistula panensis sp.nov.(图1～5)新种与A.bifurcate Harvey,1998相似.它们的区别为:前者触肢引导器呈不对称分叉,后者为对称分叉;前者跗舟具2根长背刺,后者缺失;前者生殖板中管成“Y”形,后者为“T”形;前者生殖板后缘直,后者呈弧形.正模♂,产自中国贵州省盘县珠东乡十里坪村神仙洞(25°37′N,104°45′E;海拔1 687 m),2007年3月15日.副模:1 ♂,50♀♀,采集信息同正模,刘杰、林玉成采.词源:新种种名源自模式产地地名;形容词.郑氏安拉蛛,新种Anapistula zhengi sp.nov.(图6～ 10)新种与A.secreta Gertsch,1941相似.它们区别为:前者跗舟具2根明显的长背刺,后者仅1根;前者触肢引导器呈三分叉,后者为二分叉;前者生殖板中管宽且短,后者窄且长;前者纳精囊较小,后者稍大.正模♂,产自中国云南省勐腊县勐仑镇西双版纳自然保护区雨林冠层(21°56′N,101°17′E;海拔876m),2006-09-19～ 2007-03-15.副模:48♂♂,156♀♀,采集信息同正模,郑国采.词源:新种种名源自采集人沈阳师范大学郑国博士的名字;词性为名词性同位语.     

用RAPD技术检测不同生态类型蜘蛛代表品种的基因组DNA多态性

蜘蛛有3种生态类型,即洞穴型、结网型和游猎型。利用RAPD技术检测3种生态类型蜘蛛的代表品种,即白额巨蟹蛛(游猎型)、漏斗蛛(结网型)、虎纹捕鸟蛛和七纺器蛛(洞穴型)的基因组DNA的多态性。用11个随机引物对3种生态类型的代表蜘蛛的基因组DNA进行扩增,平均每个品种观察到约22.5个标记,单个引物获得的标记在4～13个之间。实验结果经统计学分析表明,L纺器蛛和虎纹捕鸟蛛的随机扩增多态DNA共享度(F)高,在分子水平上进一步证实了同生态类型蜘蛛的亲缘天系最近,聚类结果表明,3种类型蜘蛛的总体演化趋势为:洞穴型 结网型—游猎型,与以往的形态学研究相符。     

初论蜘蛛目的种内变异类型

研究蜘蛛目中的种内变异，初步探讨蜘蛛的外生殖器结构的变异类型，并提出在蜘蛛分类学中树立种群分类概念的重要性。     

A contribution to the knowledge of liphistiid spiders

These spiders resemble fossil spiders of the Carboniferous. Although they are unique in retaining several primitive characters it is thought best to include them in the sub-Order Mygalomorphae and to abandon the special sub-Order Liphistiomorphae.
The family Heptathelidae to include those species with seven instead of eight spinnerets as in the Liphistiidae is also abandoned.
The species Liphistius thorelli Sim. from Sumatra is regarded as a synonym of the other Sumatran species L. sumatranus Thor.
Eight species of Liphistius and two of Heptathela are now recognized. Their distribution is confined, according to present knowledge, to Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, China, Japan, Malaysia and Sumatra. This may provide useful evidence in the question, as yet unsettled, of the origin of south-east Asia in terms of continental drift.
A special visit has been paid to Sumatra to rediscover Liphistius sumatranus (of which only one specimen was found and described in 1879) to establish with certainty that it is distinct from the Malaysian L. desultor . This was achieved and the species are now compared.
Some biological observations are provided.     

The Mitochondrial Sequences of Heptathela hangzhouensis and Ornithoctonus huwena Reveal Unique Gene Arrangements and Atypical tRNAs

We have sequenced the complete mitochondrial genomes of the spiders Heptathela hangzhouensis and Ornithoctonus huwena. Both genomes encode 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, and 2 ribosomal RNA genes. H. hangzhouensis, a species of the suborder Mesothelae and a representative of the most basal clade of Araneae, possesses a gene order identical to that of Limulus polyphemus of Xiphosura. On the other hand, O. huwena, a representative of suborder Opisthothelae, infraorder Mygalomorphae, was found to have seven tRNA genes positioned differently from those of Limulus. The rrnL–trnL1–nad1 arrangement shared by the araneomorph families Salticidae, Nesticidae, and Linyphiidae and the mygalomorph family Theraphosidae is a putative synapomorphy joining the mygalomorph with the araneomorph. Between the two species examined, base compositions also differ significantly. The lengths of most protein-coding genes in H. hangzhouensis and O. huwena mtDNA are either identical to or slightly shorter than their Limulus counterparts. Usage of initiation and termination codons in these protein-coding genes seems to follow patterns conserved among most arthropod and some other metazoan mitochondrial genomes. The sequences of the 3 ends of rrnS and rrnL in the two species are similar to those reported for Limulus, and the entire genes are shortened by about 100–250 nucleotides with respect to Limulus. The lengths of most tRNA genes from the two species are distinctly shorter than those of Limulus and the sequences reveal unusual inferred tRNA secondary structures. Our finding provides new molecular evidence supporting that the suborder Mesothelae is basal to opisthothelids.Reviewing Editor Dr. Rafael Zardoya     

Continued antigenic variation of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in laying hens in China, 2020–2021

Highlights
1. 13 strains of H7N9 viruses from laying hens in 2020 and 2021 were identified.
2. H7N9 viruses in China comprised at least 11 genotypes.
3. H7N9 viruses are high pathogenic in chickens, not in ducks.
4. The most H7N9 viruses cross-reacted poorly with H7-Re3 antiserum.
5. The H7-Re3 vaccine was unable to prevent H7N9 infection.     

Multiple Parasitism by Cotesia sesamiae and Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Busseola fusca (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Busseola fusca (Fuller) is one of the most important pest of cereals in sub-Saharan Africa. Cotesia sesamiae (Cameron) is the predominant parasitoid attacking B. fusca larvae in many parts of Africa. An exotic parasitoid, Cotesia flavipes Cameron, was introduced into Kenya in 1993 for the control of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe). Laboratory studies indicated that although C. flavipes would search for, and attack B. fusca , it was not able to complete its development in this host. The aim of the present study was to investigate the outcome of multiple parasitism of B. fusca by the two Cotesia species. The study showed that when both parasitoid species stung a B. fusca larva at the same time, both parasitoids emerged from more than half of the host larvae, C. flavipes alone emerged from 17%, and C. sesamiae alone emerged from 9%. When the larvae were parasitized by C. sesamiae first, and then 2 h later by C. flavipes , and vice versa, most of the progeny were C. flavipes . However, when B. fusca larvae were stung by C. sesamiae three days before oviposition by C. flavipes , significantly more C. sesamiae emerged from the larvae. When C. flavipes oviposited first, no larvae produced C. flavipes only. The interaction of parasitoids and the host immune system, and the implications of these results for the biological control of stem borers in East Africa are discussed.