中国东北Mang牛儿苗科（Geraniaceae）种子形态特征及其分类学意义

本文对中国东北Ｍａｎｇ牛儿苗科二属（太阳花属Ｅｒｏｄｅｉｕｍ,老鹳草属（Ｇｅｒａｎｉｕｍ）计１４种（ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ）变种（Ｖａｒｉｅｔｙ）和１变型（ｆｏｒｍ）植物的种皮亚显微结构（ＳＥＭ）及了形态进行了研究。结果表明,太阳花属与老鹳草属植物无论从种子形状,长宽比,还是种皮初级雕纹及次级雕纹形态都表现出明显差异。在老鹳草属下种及草种下等级的鉴定和划分上,种皮微形态及种子形态特征提供了大量有价值的信息     

亚洲茜草科粗叶木属及其相关属植物花粉形态研究

利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜研究了茜草科粗叶木属Lasianthus 16种2亚种、1变种及相关的5属5种的花粉形态。粗叶木属的花粉属于广孢型, 单粒。一般中等大小, 绝大多数为圆球形, 少数为近长球形或长球形。花粉形态特征, 特别是在萌发孔和外壁纹饰上表现出多样化。根据孔沟的数目或是否具有内孔, 可以将萌发孔分为(3-)4-(-5)孔沟和3孔。在所观察的这些种中, 萌发孔以3-4孔沟为主要类型, 比例为62.4%。外壁纹饰可分为细网状、粗网状和穴状。有部分种的花粉极面有穴状纹饰, 其余均为网状纹饰。网眼一般椭圆形、近圆形、三角形或者不规则形。少数外壁纹饰网脊上有颗粒状雕纹或模糊的颗粒, 网脊轮廓线呈波浪形, 一般凸出且平滑。大部分种的花粉具有沟膜, 沟膜上具有瘤状突起或小颗粒状, 沟边缘一般较平滑, 或粗糙, 有的种具有沟桥。     

中国紫草科破布木属花粉形态和外壁超微结构

为了深入探讨紫草科（Boraginaceae）的分类问题,用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察了该科破布木属（CordiaL.) 10种植物的花粉形态和外壁超微结构。发现该属花粉具三孔、三孔沟、三拟孔沟和三合沟4种萌发孔类型。外壁表面具微刺状纹饰、刺状纹饰、网状纹饰和不规则的条纹网状纹状。破布木属的花粉特征表明,该属花粉在紫草科中既是独特的分类群,又是比较原始的属种。     

中国鸢尾属花粉形态研究

本文借助光学显微镜和扫描电镜,对我国产鸢尾属Iris L．32种植物的花粉形态进行 了观察。该属植物的花粉为舟形或近球形。萌发孔可分为远极单沟、远极单沟-拟沟、二合 沟及无萌发孔等类型。外壁主要为网状纹饰,少数具瘤状或鼓槌状纹饰。本文依据花粉形态 和其它器官特征,对本属花粉外壁及萌发孔的演化趋势及某些种的分类地位进行了探讨。     

我国椴树科花粉形态的研究

本文对分布于我国的椴树科(Tiliaceae)9属44种植物的花粉形态进行了光学显微镜 的系统观察,并对其中10种花粉的外壁细微结构进行了扫描电镜观察。本科花粉为长球形、 扁球形和球形,萌发孔为长3孔沟、短3孔沟和3(一4)孔三种类型,外壁主要为网状纹饰,个 别属为刺状纹饰。根据花粉资料,本文还探讨了该科植物分类中的某些问题。     

中国柽柳科（Tamaricaceae）花粉形态研究及其分类意义的探讨

研究观察了中国柽柳科（Tamaricaceae)4属27种植物的花粉形态。中国柽柳科植物花粉为三沟类型,无三拟孔沟类型,形态及外壁雕纹属间差异明显。根据花粉资料,探讨了属间的进化关系和分类地位及本科植物花粉外壁的演化途径。     

中国忍冬科植物花粉形态及其在分类上的意义

本文报道了我国忍冬科54个样品,包括12属31种植物的花粉扫描电镜观察的结果, 描述了本科各属主要代表种的花粉形态特征; 及不同种的花粉类型,为化石花粉鉴定提供参考资料, 同时根据花粉的形状、大小、萌发孔及外壁雕纹的异同,讨论本科及科以下分类群的位置和系统关系。     

中国茄科天仙子亚族的花粉形态研究

本文作者对国产茄科天仙子亚族6个属、12种植物的花粉,用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和 透射电镜观察了它们外壁雕纹、萌发孔的类型以及外壁层次的结构。 本亚族花粉以无萌发孔 和三孔沟类型为主,其次为三沟和拟沟类型。根据花粉资料,表明花粉形态特征对于论证该亚族内属的界限和属间系统发育的关系,可以提供重要的依据。     

中国细辛属花粉形态研究

本文对中国细辛属Asarum27种及4变种、1变型的花粉形态分别做了光学显微镜和扫描电镜的观察和照相,发现该属花粉的萌发孔变异较大,可作为分亚属及分种的重要依据之一。花粉粒外壁纹饰主要分两类：瘤状纹饰下为网状纹饰,或瘤状纹饰下为脑纹状纹饰。细辛亚属与杜衡亚属间的界限较明显,与植物形态分类的结果基本一致。本文还讨论了国产及日本产双叶细辛A．caulescens Maxim和华细辛A．sieboldii Miq．在花粉形态上的差异,并对植物外部形态上彼此相似的几个种的花粉的形态特征做了比较。     

伞形科山芹属8种17个居群的植物花粉形态研究

该研究采用光学显微镜与扫描电子显微镜对山芹属（Ostericum Hoffm.）8种17个居群的花粉形态特征进行观察和分析,为山芹属分类鉴定与属下系统关系研究提供依据。结果显示：（1）山芹属17个居群的花粉类型包含椭圆形、近长方形、超长方形和赤道收缩形4种类型。（2）花粉赤道面观有近椭圆形、近长方形与超长方形,极面观多为三角圆形,少数为三角形。（3）花粉极轴长度为24.7~35.6 μm,赤道轴长度为10.6~17.4 μm,极轴与赤道轴的比值P/E为1.7~2.5,体积指数P×E^1/2为18.2~22.6。（4）花粉萌发孔均具三孔沟,且多为边萌发孔,角萌发孔较少,沟细长且均匀。（5）花粉赤道区外壁纹饰分为3类,即片状脑纹、长条状脑纹和短棒状脑纹,少数具有颗粒状或疣状的附着物。研究认为,山芹属植物花粉的形状与赤道区外壁纹饰类型存在较高的种内一致性,萌发孔类型、花粉中部是否凸出以及纹饰条纹长度、密集程度、附属物等特征则存在一定的种内差异性;花粉形态特征可为山芹属植物不同层次的分类鉴定与亲缘关系研究提供重要的证据。     

中国东北牻牛儿苗科(Geraniaceae)种子形态特征及其分类学意义

本文对中国东北牛儿苗科(Geraniaceae)二属(太阳花属Erodium, 老鹳草属(Geranium)计14种(species)1变种(Variety)和1变型(form)植物的种皮亚显微结构(SEM)及种子形态进行了研究.结果表明, 太阳花属与老鹳草属植物无论从种子形状, 长宽比, 还是种皮初级雕纹及次级雕纹形态都表现出明显差异。在老鹤草属下种及种下等级的鉴定和划分上, 种皮微形态及种子形态特征提供了大量有价值的信息。     

Pollen morphology in relation to the taxonomy and phylogeny of some native Greek Aegilops species

The pollen morphology of some native Greek Aegilops species is investigated in LM (quantitative pollen characters) and SEM (exine sculpture) using acetolysed material. Furthermore, quantitative data are subjected to a multivariate analysis. The tetraploid Ae. cylindrica and its diploid parent Ae. caudata show a distinct morphological affinity as regards their quantitative pollen profile and the features of the exine sculpture. The tetraploid Ae. triuncialis is morphologically divergent from both its parents Ae. caudata and Ae. umbellulata due to the very large values of its quantitative pollen characters. However, the SEM survey of the exine sculpture indicates a rather high degree of similarity between Ae. triuncialis and Ae. umbellulata. No significant differences have been found between the two varieties of Ae. caudata (caudata and polyathera) concerning the quantitative pollen characters as a total or the morphology of the exine sculpture. The resultant clustering of the taxa on the basis of the quantitative pollen characters as well as the recorded similarities of their exine pattern are related to their sectional classification based on cytogenetical and morphological data.     

Pollen morphology of 8 genera of Chinese Umbelliferae (Apiaceae)

This paper deals with the studies of pollen morphology of 8 genera including 22 species and 1 variety of Umbelliferae (Apiaceae). They have been investigated under both the light microscope and the SEM. These genera can be distinguished by their pollen characters. The observed data listing in the following table reveal that they can be distinguished according to shape of pollen, form of pores, sculpture of exine and size of grains etc. 1. Shape of pollen grains (1) subrhomboidal type: Chuanminshen Sheh et Shan, Changium Wolff, Cyclorhiza Sheh et Shan (2) oval type: Seseli L. (3) subrectangular type a. thickened at the equator and rugulose: Peuecdanum L. b. constricted at the equator and rugulose: Ligusticum L. e. constricted at the equator and rugulose, thickened at both polar zones: Vicatia DC. (4) equatorially-constricted type, rugulose at the equator, thickened at both polar zones: Ferula L. 2. Form of aperture (1) rectangular protrude type: Chuanminshen Sheh et Shan, Ferula L., Changium Wolff (2) circular type: Ligusticum L. (3) elliptic type: Peucedanum L., Vicatia DC., Seseli L. 3. Sculpture of exine (1) reticulate: Chuanminshen Sheh et Shah (2) pitted-reticulate: Changium Wolff (3) striate-reticulate: Ferula L., Peucedanum L., Ligusticum L., Seseli L., Vicatia DC. (4) cerebro-reticulate: Cyclorhiza Sheh et Shan Basing upon the above pollen characters, the genera Cyclorhiza Sheh et Shah and Chuanminshen Sheh et Shan are briefly discussed. They are two clearly delimitatednatural genera.     

Studies on the Pollen Morphology and Seed Coat of the Genus Cistanche (Orobanchaceae) in China

In the present paper pollen grains of 5 species and seed coat of 4 species of the genus Cistanche (Orobanchaceae) from China were examined by scanning electron microscope As a result, two types of the pollen exine sculpture are distinguished: (1) tuberculate, C. salsa and C. lanzhouensis; (2) rugulate or fine reticulation formed by the fusion of rugae, C. sinensis, C. deserticola and C. tubulosa. Chinese Cistanche was classified into two sections based on the gross morphology by the present author (Zhang, 1984). C. lanzhouensis and C. sinensis were included in one section. This classification is in conflict with the pollen type, which indicates that the characters of pollen grains and external morphology in this genus have evolved at different rates. The differences in pollen morphology of Chinese Cistanche can serve as characters for delimitating species. According to our abservation, C. lanzhouenis Z. Y. Zhang differs from the other members of Cistanche not only in external morphology but also in pollen morphology. Pollen grains are subprolate in this species, while prolate in the other four species, and exine sculpture is tuberculate. The present study provides the establishment of this new species (Zhang, 1984) with palynological evidence. The seed coat sculpture in Chinese Cistanche are constantly alveolate, but there are some slight differences, by which the sculpture can be divided into two types: (1) testa cells have or have not thickenings on the inner anticlinal walls; cavernulous sculpture is present on outer periclinal wall of some cells: C. sinensis; (2) testa cells have striate thickenings on the inner anticlinal walls: C. salsa, C. deserticola and C. tubulosa. The characters of seed coatof some significance for the delimitation of species.     

山东酢浆草属花粉形态的研究

用扫描电子显微镜 ,对山东酢浆草属 3种植物的花粉形态进行观察 ,报道了花粉形态特征 ,并探讨其分类意义。结果表明 :该属花粉粒大小、形状和外壁雕纹可作为分种的依据。     

Pollen morphology of the tribe Rhinantheae (Orobanchaceae) and its systematic significances

Pollen morphology of 36 species representing 14 genera within the tribe Rhinantheae in the family Orobanchaceae was studied and illustrated with light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Five major pollen types were recognized on the basis of exine ornamentation. Within these major types, minor types (subtypes) were distinguished based on exine surface pattern, size, shape, amb form, colpi and colpus membrane. These types and subtypes are as follows: type I. retipilate: subtype Ia. regular retipilate: (1) pollen size < 27 μm, (2) pollen size > 27 μm, subtype Ib. irregular retipilate; type II. verrucate: subtype IIa. macro-verrucate, subtype IIb. verrucate, subtype IIc. sparse verrucate; type III. retirugulate; type IV. granulate; type V. micro-reticulate. A key to pollen morphology of genera studied within the Rhinantheae was made based on pollen morphology from our study and earlier work. Combining with other sources of information on the Rhinantheae, the systematic relationships of this tribe are discussed. Rhinantheae pollen displays considerable variation between genera and species, with taxonomically significant characters at genus and species level. Palynological characteristics provide evidence for interpreting the conflicting views concerning the “Pterygiella Complex”. The evolutionary trend in exine sculpture of Rhinantheae could be proposed, namely that retipilate sculpturing which is the most widespread type is more primitive than the other types (such as foveolate, granulate, regulate, reticulate, retirugulate and verrucate). The pollen data in present study and the view of Hong (1986), as well as the molecular data from Bennett and Mathews (2006) indicated that Asia and related regions were likely to the origin centre of the tribe Rhinantheae.     

蜘蛛抱蛋亚族的花粉形态

本文研究并报道了百合科蜘蛛抱蛋亚族的花粉形态,主要结论如下：1．开口箭属含两种花粉类型即：(1)单槽、椭圆形;(2)无萌发孔、球形。具单槽、椭圆形花粉的种类含单型性核型,花形较小,柱头小而花柱短,雄蕊高于柱头;无萌发孔、球形花粉的种类则为单型性核型,花形较大,柱头常高度膨大,雄蕊常着生在花被筒基部。2．万年青属花粉为椭圆形,具单槽;蜘蛛抱蛋属花粉则为球形,无萌发孔;开口箭属花粉一部分与万年青属相似,另一部分则与蜘蛛抱蛋属雷同。3．蜘蛛抱蛋亚族中最原始的花粉类型为单槽椭圆形,具孔状或网状外壁纹饰。球形,无萌发孔,外壁具皱波状、瘤状或芽孢状纹饰的花粉为派生类型。4．蜘蛛抱蛋亚族种下花粉形状、萌发孔类型和外壁纹饰基本稳定,可作为分种特征。     

Pollen Morphology in the Subtribe Aspidistrinae (Liliaceae s. l.)

Pollen morphology in the subtribe Aspidistrinae is reported and the main viewpoints are summarized as follows: (1) Two major types of pollen grains, i.e., monosulcate,ellipsoidal pollen and inaperturate, spheroidal pollen, are identified in the genus Tupistra. The species with monosulcate, ellipsoidal pollen usually have monomodal karyotypes, brightcolored flower, smaller stigma, and stamens inserted at upper or middle part of perianth tube, while the inaperturate and spheroidal pollen is always found in the species with bimodal karyotypes, dingy-colored flower, swollen stigma and stamens inserted at the base of perianth tube. (2) Pollen grains in the genus Rhodea are monosulcate and ellipsoidal, while those in the genus Aspidistra are inaperturate and spheroidal, correspondingly similar to the second type of pollen grains in the genus Tupistra. (3) The most primitive pollen in the subtribe Aspidistinae is regarded as monosulcate and ellipsoidal, having perforate or reticulate exine sculpture. The inaperturate, spheroidal pollen with verrucate, gemmate or rugulate exine sculpture is considered derived; (4) Unlike those reported in other groups of the family Liliaceae, the infraspecific pollen shape, aperture type and exine sculpture in Aspidistrinae are basically stable and may serve as a taxonomic character.     

广西苦苣苔科植物花粉形态

对广西苦苣苔科(Gesneriaceae)8个属(1个特有属)11个种(8个特有种)的花粉形态进行了扫描电镜的观察。结果发现这些不同属种的花粉形状均为长球形或近球形,花粉形状对苦苣苔科的系统与分类没有多大的参考价值。但花粉外壁纹饰则有多种类型。其中,吊石苣苔属(Lysionotus)、金盏苣苔属(I sometrum)、长檐苣苔属(Dolicholoma)、紫花苣苔属(Loxostigma)、半蒴苣苔属(Hemiboea)、圆唇苣苔属(Gy rocheilos)及唇柱苣苔属(Chirita)中的百寿唇柱苣苔(C.baishouensis)为网状纹饰;唇柱苣苔属(Chirita)的桂林唇柱苣苔(C.gueilinensis)和融安唇柱苣苔(C.ronganensis)为拟网状纹饰;异唇苣苔属(Allocheilos)为脑纹状纹饰。孢粉学特征表明,花粉外壁纹饰特征在苦苣苔科的分类与系统研究方面可能具有较大价值。     

中国特有属牛筋条属的花粉形态与其系统位置

从发育的角度研究了中国特有单种属DichotomanthesKurz及与其系统学研究有关的外类群Prinsepiautilis的花粉形态 ,扫描电镜观察显示Dichotomanthes花粉粒自脱离四分体胼胝质膜开始至成熟二核花粉粒不同发育时期 ,花粉形态和外壁纹饰未见变化 ,仅花粉体积随成熟度增加而有所增大。而Prinsepiautilis ,其花粉粒刚脱离四分体时形状和成熟花粉明显不同 ,成熟花粉极面观为三裂圆形 ,赤道面观为圆形 ,外壁具清晰的平行条纹 ,但幼嫩花粉粒的形状很特别 ,极面观为深三裂圆形 ,赤道面观亦见花粉在两条沟之间下陷而沟部外突 ,明显为角萌发孔花粉 ,且花粉体积较成熟者小 ,而外壁纹饰同成熟者相比无根本性差异。前述两种植物花粉在不同成熟期体积有明显差异 ,而外壁纹饰在不同成熟期不存在质的变化并相对稳定 ,说明花粉外壁纹饰这一性状在蔷薇科中具有较为重要的分类学意义。DichotomanthesKurz具典型Rosaceae花粉的三孔沟结构 ,外壁具条纹 -穴状纹饰。将其孢粉学特征同Rosaceae 4个亚科有关类群的同类资料相比较 ,并结合其它形态解剖与细胞学等研究结果 ,支持将Dichotoman thes置入Maloideae下而不赞同将其另立亚科或置于Prunoideae之下。此外 ,由于Prinsepiautilis的花粉在其发育初期具角萌发孔花粉 ,与Cunoniacea