厌氧菌群SVY42产酶条件分析及产木聚糖酶菌株的分离鉴定

以美国内华达州大盆地温泉采集样品为材料,富集获得纤维素及半纤维素高效稳定降解厌氧菌群SVY42,以巨菌草、甘蔗渣、废菇筒、羧甲基纤维素钠、滤纸、木聚糖为碳源,分析菌群SVY42产内切葡聚糖酶(CMC酶)、β-葡萄糖苷酶和木聚糖酶的情况。在此基础上,以木聚糖为底物筛选高产木聚糖酶的菌株。菌群SVY42在以巨菌草作为碳源时的β-葡萄糖苷酶活最高为0.23 U/mL,以木聚糖作为碳源时CMC酶活和木聚糖酶活均为最高,分别为0.31 U/mL和0.35 U/mL。从菌群SVY42中筛选得到1株高产木聚糖酶厌氧菌株SVY42-1,该菌在最适温度41℃和pH 8.0条件下,其木聚糖酶活力为0.26 U/mL,对其进行16S rDNA序列系统进化分析,SVY42-1与已知菌株的最高同源性仅为93.81%,初步鉴定属于新属。     

基因拷贝数对重组毕赤酵母产谷氨酰胺转胺酶的影响

基于毕赤酵母核糖体DNA序列 (rDNA),构建多拷贝谷氨酰胺转胺酶基因表达载体pPICZα-rDNA- mtg,并转化到表达前导肽 (Pro peptide或pro) 的宿主菌pGAP9-pro/GS115,得到共表达菌株pro/rDNA-mtg (GS115)。实时荧光定量PCR (qPCR) 分析了4株阳性表达菌株中mtg基因拷贝数,进一步研究了不同基因拷贝数对重组毕赤酵母产酶的影响及高产菌株在3 L发酵罐高密度发酵。结果表明,被检测的4株阳性表达菌株中mtg拷贝数分别为2.21、3.36、5.72和7.62 (mtg-2c、mtg-3c、mtg-6c和mtg-8c),其发酵产酶能力和蛋白质表达水平为mtg-3c>mtg-2c>mtg-6c>mtg-8c;高密度发酵较低和较高拷贝数的两株菌mtg-3c和mtg-6c,发酵上清的最高酶活和单位菌体酶活分别为3.12 U/mL、52.1 U/g湿重和2.07 U/mL、36.5 U/g湿重,其中单位菌体酶活mtg-3c是mtg-6c的1.4倍;mtg-3c纯化酶的最高酶活达到7.21 U/mL,蛋白浓度为437.2 μg /mL。通过分析拷贝数对重组毕赤酵母产酶的影响,发现mtg-3c适合pro/rDNA-mtg中pro和mtg共表达,MTG高酶活与菌株较高分泌蛋白有关。     

茶树内生真菌CSN-4产漆酶培养基及培养条件研究

从茶树内生真菌筛选产漆酶的菌株,分析不同营养因素和培养条件对菌株漆酶酶活力的影响。采用6种显色底物的平板初筛和酶活测定的复筛方法,从15株茶树内生真菌菌株中筛选获得1株产漆酶酶活较高的菌株CSN 4。单因素分析结果显示,液态发酵条件下菌株CSN-4适宜的主要培养基成分是麸皮和蛋白胨;菌株CSN-4分别在麸皮30 g/L、蛋白胨2.5 g/L、CuSO₄·5H₂O 0.015 g/L和茶水6 g/L时发酵产漆酶酶活最高。发酵条件试验结果表明,菌株CSN-4分别在接种量为6个菌饼（直径6 mm）、装液量60 mL/250 mL、pH 4.8、摇床转速120 r/min,培养温度为28 ℃时产漆酶酶活较高。在培养基中添加麸皮和茶水对菌株CSN-4产漆酶有明显的促进作用。经过培养基成分及培养条件优化后,菌株CSN 4产漆酶酶活显著升高,达到2 417 U/L。     

一株产纤维素酶真菌的筛选、鉴定及酶学性质初步研究

经过初筛和复筛从土样中分离出1株高产纤维素酶真菌SNB9,经形态学和ITS序列分析。鉴定为黑曲霉（Aspergu Uusniger）。生长条件的测定显示该菌生长范围偏酸。发酵后纤维素酶的最适作用pH在4．0—5．0,最适作用温度在45—55℃。滤纸酶活为9．29U／mL,C,酶活为23．69U／mL,CMCase酶活为38．23U／mL,β-葡萄糖苷酶活为65．52U／mL。发酵液中除了纤维素酶,还发现有辅助酶,包括木聚糖酶、淀粉酶、果胶酶、蛋白酶。     

离子注入选育高产木聚糖酶黑曲霉及其发酵条件研究

以黑曲霉A3为出发菌,利用离子注入技术选育出一株遗传性状稳定的木聚糖酶高产突变株AN497,其产酶水平较出发菌从野生型A3菌株的405.6IU/ml提高到586.2IU/ml,即酶产量增加了44.5%;对高产菌进行发酵条件优化,发现以玉米芯粉为主要碳源、用蔗糖代替葡萄糖作为附加碳源,对木聚糖酶的发酵具有明显的促进作用;采用复合的无机氮源 (NH4)2SO4和NaNO3,(1: 2)浓度以10g/L为宜;菌株对发酵通氧量具有较高的要求,摇瓶转速在230r/min时的产酶水平较200r/min要高;通过发酵条件的优化,高产菌株的产酶活力最高可达671.1IU/mL,比出发菌株的产酶量提高了65.5%。     

产耐热木聚糖酶细菌的分离鉴定及酶易错PCR致突变条件优化

从福建省永泰县温泉采集样品中筛选到1株产耐热木聚糖酶嗜热菌株TC-W7,并获得该木聚糖酶基因。在此基础上,采用易错PCR技术在木聚糖酶基因中引入突变,研究Mg2＋浓度、Mn2＋浓度、dTTP/dCTP浓度等条件对突变率的影响。通过形态特征、生理生化试验及16S rRNA序列相似性比对分析,初步鉴定菌株TC-W7为土壤芽胞杆菌（Geobacillus）,菌株TC-W7在最适温度75℃和 pH 8.2条件下,其木聚糖酶活力为215.83 U/mL,Triton X-100和DDT能显著增强该酶的活性。在 Mg2＋浓度为20μmol/L,Mn2＋浓度为0.80μmol/L,dTTP/dCTP浓度为0.30 mmol/L的致突变条件下,碱基突变率为0.98%。 Geobacillus sp. TC-W7产木聚糖酶具有较好的耐热和耐碱等工业应用特性,对该酶易错PCR致突变条件优化结果,可用于后续木聚糖酶的耐热定向进化。     

液化沙雷氏菌磷脂酶A1的克隆表达及乳糖自诱导发酵

为了利用大肠杆菌高效生产重组磷脂酶,克隆了液化沙雷氏菌磷脂酶A1的编码基因pla,分别使用pET-28a(+)和pET-20b(+)载体,实现了磷脂酶A1在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中的功能表达.重组菌利用载体pET-28a(+)在原始信号肽的介导下胞外PLA1酶活达40.8 U/mL,占总酶活的91％.重组菌转接至优化后的发酵诱导培养基:蛋白胨10 g/L,酵母粉5g/L,葡萄糖0.8 g/L,乳糖5 g/L,25 mmol/L Na2HPO4,25 mmol/L KH2PO4和1 mmol/L MgSO4;菌体生长6h后,添加7.5 g/L的甘氨酸,37℃恒温发酵24 h,重组菌胞外PLA1酶活达到128.7 U/mL.     

链霉菌产木聚糖酶条件和酶学性质以及重离子诱变对产酶的影响研究

以一株由青藏高原牦牛粪中分离出的链霉菌为出发菌株,对其培养特性、产酶条件和酶学性质进行初步研究.通过重离子诱变,筛选出遗传稳定的高产菌株.结果表明,该菌以玉米芯和麸皮(1∶1)为碳源能高效地诱导木聚糖酶的胞外分泌,其最适培养基和培养条件氮源为酵母膏、初始pH7、培养温度为25℃,在此条件下,第4天酶活力达到峰值3480.25 U/mL.说明该酶能够利用农业废弃物高效生产木聚糖酶.该菌株所产木聚糖酶的最适反应温度为15℃、pH4,属低温酸性木聚糖酶.经重离子诱变后,筛选出一株高产菌株SZ10-7,其酶活力可达5 338.42 U/mL.     

毛壳霉CQ31的鉴定及固体发酵产木聚糖酶条件的优化

从土壤中筛选出一株产木聚糖酶的真菌CQ31, 经鉴定后命名为毛壳霉CQ31。该菌能够利用几种农业废弃物固体发酵高产木聚糖酶, 玉米杆为最佳碳源。单因素优化试验表明: 以玉米杆为碳源, 胰蛋白胨为氮源, 初始水分含量80%, 初始pH值9.0为最佳产酶条件。在优化后的条件下培养7 d产木聚糖酶水平高达4897 U/g干基碳源, 此时甘露聚糖酶酶活达803 U/g干基碳源。因此, 毛壳霉CQ31固体发酵产木聚糖酶和甘露聚糖酶具有一定的工业化应用前景。     

木聚糖酶和甘露聚糖酶在毕赤酵母中的共表达及产酶分析

木聚糖酶和甘露聚糖酶是两种重要的半纤维素酶,也是两种重要的饲用酶制剂,通过毕赤酵母表达系统中的体外串联表达盒构建多拷贝的方法构建了木聚糖酶DSB和甘露聚糖酶Man A共表达重组质粒p PICZαA/DSB-ManA,将该重组质粒电转化至宿主菌毕赤酵母X33中获得共表达两种酶的重组菌X33/DSB-ManA,实现了两种酶的共分泌表达,经诱导表达后木聚糖酶和甘露聚糖酶的酶活分别为273. 6 U/ml和256. 8 U/ml,为单独表达重组菌X33/DSB和X33/Man A酶活的30. 4%和73. 4%。酶学性质的分析显示DSB和Man A的最适反应温度均为75℃,在45℃～75℃范围内具有较好的温度稳定性,酶活可保持最高酶活的60%以上; DSB最适pH为6. 5,Man A最适pH为6. 0,在pH 3. 0、40℃条件下,Man A处理1h能保持最高酶活的80%以上,DSB处理1 h时能保持最高酶活的50%以上; DSB和Man A对多种金属离子和化学试剂(浓度为1 mM)具有较好的耐受性,均可保留60%以上的酶活力。通过单一菌株成功完成了不同酶的共表达,为复合酶饲料添加剂的生产和应用研究提供了一定的理论依据。     

Optimization of cellulase-free xylanase production by thermophilic Streptomyces thermovulgaris TISTR1948 through Plackett-Burman and response surface methodological approaches

Cellulase-free xylanase production by thermophilic Streptomyces thermovulgaris TISTR1948 was cultivated in a basal medium with rice straw as sole source of carbon and as an inducible substrate. Variable medium components were selected in accordance with the Plackett-Burman experimental design. The optimization conditions of physical factors (pH and temperature levels) were then combined in further studies through the response surface methodology approach. Only two significant components, rice straw and yeast extract, were chosen for the optimization studies. A second-order quadratic model was constructed by central composite design (CCD). The model revealed that both pH and temperature levels were significant, and were dependent on xylanase production. Under these experimental designs, the xylanase yield increased from 51.11 to 274.49 U/mL (3,400 to 10,000 U/g of rice straw) or about 537% higher than an unoptimized basal medium. The optimum conditions to achieve maximum yield of xylanase were 27.45 g/L of rice straw and 5.42 g/L of yeast extract under relatively neutral conditions of pH 7.11, 50.03 °C, and a incubation period.     

Optimization of medium composition for alkali-stable xylanase production by Aspergillus fischeri Fxn 1 in solid-state fermentation using central composite rotary design

Response surface methodology and central composite rotary design (CCRD) was employed to optimize a fermentation medium for the production of alkali-stable cellulase-free xylanase by Aspergillus fischeri in solid-state fermentation at pH 9.0 with wheat bran as substrate. The four variables involved in this study were sodium nitrite, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulphate and yeast extract. The statistical analysis of the results showed that, in the range studied, only sodium nitrite had a significant effect on xylanase production. The optimized medium containing (in g/l) NaNO(2)-7.0, K2HPO(4)-1.0, MgSO(4)-0.5 and yeast extract-5.0 resulted in 1.9-fold increased level of alkali-stable xylanase (1024 U/g wheat bran) production compared to initial level (540 U/g) after 72 h of fermentation, whereas its value predicted by the quadratic model was 931 U/g. The level of protease activity was considerably decreased in optimized medium, thus helping to preserve the xylanase activity and demonstrating another advantage of applying statistical experimental design.     

产木聚糖酶白地霉培养特性及部分纯化的酶学特性

本文对白地霉Ref1的培养特性、产酶条件和酶学特性进行了初步研究。结果表明:该菌为低温型菌株,其最佳生长条件为pH6、20℃和酵母膏作为氮源;最佳产酶条件为pH3-7、15℃及以酵母膏氮源;条件优化后产酶可达118.7U/mL,可溶蛋白含量可达到60μg/mL,酶溶液的比活可达到1250U/mg蛋白质;该木聚糖酶的最适反应温度和pH分别为50℃和5,金属离子Mg2+、Na+和8mmol/L的Fe2+、Cu2+、Zn2+等对木聚糖酶的活性有抑制作用,而Ca2+、4mmol/L的Fe2+、Cu2+、Zn2+和8mmol/L的Mn2+等对该酶反应则有促进作用;该木聚糖酶在保温2h后在15-40℃范围内能保持80%以上的酶活性,在50℃时能保持68%的酶活性;用lineweaver-Burk作图法(双倒数作图法)求得该酶的最大反应速度Vmax和Km值分别为163.38mmol/mg/min和0.75mg/mL。     

Xylanase production by Aspergillus awamori. Development of a medium and optimization of the fermentation parameters for the production of extracellular xylanase and beta-xylosidase while maintaining low protease production

A growth medium was developed for maximal production in batch culture of extracellular xylanase and beta-xylosidase by Aspergillus awamori CMI 142717 and a mutant (AANTG 43) derived from the wild-type strain. The optimum pH for the production of xylanase and beta-xylosidase was 4.0. The best temperature of xylanase production was 30 degrees C; 35 degrees C was optimal for beta-xylosidase. Protease production was never completely suppressed under any of the conditions tested. However, protease titre was 3.5-fold less than the control in medium in which proteose peptone and yeast extract were omitted: the level of xylanase was not affected (8.6 U mL(-1)) but beta-xylosidase titre was increased 4.7-fold to 1.5 U mL(-1). When corn steep liquor was used as the sole nitrogen source, xylanse and beta-xylosidase titres were further increased by 1.5- and 1.9-fold, respectively. Of the carbon sources investigated, ball-milled oat straw or oat spelt xylan produced the highest titres of xylanse and beta-xylosidase. None of the soluble carbon sources investigated produced the high titres of xylanase or beta-xylosidase induced by either oat straw for xylanse and beta-xylosidase was 2% and the optimum spore inoculum was between 10(6) and 10(7) spores/mL(-1) final concentration. The level of xylanse activity obtained in the culture filtrates of the mutant was a remarkable 820 U mL(-1) when the reducing sugar released was measured by the dinitrosalicylic acid method. This enzyme titre would appear to be the highest reported so far. The xylanases system contained the correct balance of enzymes to effect extensive hydrolysis of oat spelt xylan. The protease titre was very low.     

重组毕赤酵母产木聚糖酶的发酵条件优化研究

采用单因素实验确定重组毕赤酵母产木聚糖酶生长相的最适条件,然后利用Plackett—Bur—man实验设计对诱导相培养基成分和培养条件的10个因素进行筛选,方差分析结果表明,影响木聚糖酶表达的主要因子为酵母膏、诱导pH和摇床转速;在此基础上,用Box—Behnken的响应面方法对3个因素进行进一步优化,当酵母膏为11．13彰L,pH为6．38,摇床转速为228r／min时酶活有最大值,为262．77u／mL,较优化前提高了175．44％。优化后的摇瓶发酵条件应用于7L发酵罐并连续诱导培养120h,发现诱导72h后的木聚糖酶酶活最高,为2054．89u／mL。     

Statistical optimization of medium components for the production of xylanase byAspergillus niger KK2 in submerged cultivation

Medium composition was optimized for the production of xylanase byAspergillus niger KK2 using statistical experimental designs. Corn steep liquor (CSL) and industrial yeast extract (IYE) were the most important factors affecting xylanase activity. The medium that produced the optimum conditions for the production of xylanase contained 3% rice straw, 1% wheat bran, 6.3% CSL, 0.15% IYE, and 0.5% KH₂PO₄. After 4 days of cultivation under optimized conditions in a 2.5-L stirred tank reactor the activity and productivity of xylanase were 620 IU/mL and 6,458 IU/L.h, respectively. The highest xylanase activity obtained using the optimized medium was 80% greater than the activity obtained using basal medium. The xylanase activity predicted by a polynomial model was 670 IU/ml.     

产木聚糖酶的沿海红树林真菌筛选及其培养与酶活测定条件优化

从香港海岸红树林分离到的 77株真菌中有 34株可产生木聚糖酶 ,从中选出CY2 80 9(Staganosporasp .)、CY4 786和CY5 0 4 0等 3菌株与已知陆生产酶菌株HU5 0 4 8(Aspergillusawamori)进行产木聚糖酶的比较研究。根据培养液中菌丝生物量、木聚糖酶活力和木糖等价还原糖含量等指标的测定 ,菌株CY4 786在起始pH 7 8的木聚糖 酵母膏 海盐液体培养基中 2 5℃下震荡 (10 0r min)培养 7d产酶最佳 ;粗酶液在 5 0℃和pH 4 6的优化条件下进行测定 ,木聚糖酶活力达到 1 0 7× 10 4 U mL。结果表明 ,红树林真菌起着半纤维素降解者的作用 ,沿海红树林环境中存在着可资利用的木聚糖酶产生菌。作者讨论了利用发酵液中木糖等价还原糖含量的动态变化作为快速筛选产木聚糖酶菌株的指标的可能性     

Production of Gluconobacter oxydans cells from low-cost culture medium for conversion of glycerol to dihydroxyacetone

Gluconobacter oxydans could be immobilized as a biocatalyst for the conversion of glycerol to dihydroxyacetone. To reduce the production cost, the cells were produced from agricultural byproducts. Corn meal hydrolysate and corn steep liquor were employed to replace of sorbitol and yeast extract as medium for G. oxydans cell production. The optimal medium contained 80 g/L reducing sugar, 25 g/L corn steep liquor, and 10 g/L glycerol. The cell mass was about 4.22 g/L and the glycerol dehydrogenase activity was about 5.23 U/mL. For comparison, the cell mass was about 4.0 g/L and the glycerol dehydrogenase activity was about 5.35 U/mL cultured in sorbitol and yeast extract medium. These studies shown the corn meal hydrolysate and corn steep liquor medium was similar in performance to a nutrient-rich medium, but the cost of production was only 15% of that cultured in sorbitol and yeast extract medium. It was an economical process for the production of G. oxydans cells as biocatalyst for the conversion of glycerol to dihydroxyacetone in industry.     

重组大肠杆菌产Streptomyces sp. FA1来源木聚糖酶的摇瓶发酵优化

为了实现来源于Streptomyces sp. FA1的木聚糖酶的高效胞外分泌表达,对E.coli BL21(DE3)/pET20b(+)/coe/xynA基因工程菌的发酵产酶诱导条件进行优化,获得最优的诱导条件为25 ℃发酵6 h后添加终浓度为0.4 mmol/L的IPTG。在此基础上对发酵培养基进一步优化,得到最优培养基成分为:甘油11 g/L,酵母粉24 g/L,蛋白胨8 g/L,磷酸盐浓度89 mmol/L,镁离子4 mmol/L。最终酶活达到780.2 U/ml,为未优化前的2.2倍,是目前大肠杆菌摇瓶发酵产木聚糖酶的最高表达水平,为实现该酶的工业化生产奠定基础。     

樟绒枝霉(Malbranchea cinnamomea)固体发酵产木聚糖酶的发酵条件优化

[目的] 研究樟绒枝霉(Malbranchea cinnamomea) CAU521利用农业废弃物固体发酵产木聚糖酶的发酵条件.[方法]采用单因素试验法优化影响菌株产酶的各个条件,包括碳源种类、氮源种类、初始pH、初始水分含量、培养温度及发酵时间共6个因素.[结果]获得的最佳产酶条件为:稻草为发酵碳源、2％(W/W)的酵母提取物为氮源、初始pH 7.0、初始水分含量80％和发酵温度45℃.在此条件下发酵6d后木聚糖酶的酶活力达到13 120 U/g干基碳源.[结论]樟绒枝霉固体发酵产木聚糖酶的产酶水平高,生产成本低,具有潜在的工业化应用前景.