中国附丝壳属研究

本文报道了附丝壳属Ａｐｐｅｎｄｉｃｕｌｅｌｌａ ｖｏｎ Ｈｏｅｈｎｅｌ两个新种。它们是：蕈树附丝壳Ａｐｐｅｎｄｉｃｕｌｅｌｌａ ａｌｔｉｎｇｉａｅ Ｙ．Ｘ．Ｈｕ ｅｔ Ｂ．Ｓｏｎｇ、武夷附丝壳Ａｐｐｅｎｄｉｃｕｌｅｌｌａ ｗｕｙｉｅｎｓｉｓ Ｙ．Ｘ．Ｈｕ ｅｔ Ｂ．Ｓｏｎｇ。新种附有拉丁文、中文描述和显微结构图。模式标本藏于广东省微生物研究所真菌标本室（ＨＭＩＧＤ）。     

赤松一新变种

本文发表赤松一新变种即彰武松Ｐｉｎｕｓ ｄｅｎｓｔｆｌｏｒａ Ｓｉｅｂ．ｅｔ Ｚｕｃｃ．ｖａｒ．ｚｈａｎｇｗｕｅｎｓｉｓ Ｚｈａｎｇ,Ｌｉ ｅｔ Ｙｕａｎ ｖａｒ。ｎｏｖ。     

云南苍山古蚤属一新种和怒山古蚤雄性的记述（蚤目;多毛蚤科）

本文记述采自云岭南端大理苍山多齿鼠鼹Ｎａｓｉｌｌｕｓ ｇｒａｃｉｌｉｓ的古蚤属一新种,即荫生古蚤Ｐａｑｌａｅｏｐｓｙｌｌａ ｏｐａｃｕｓａ ｓｐ。ｎｏｖ。和怒山古蚤Ｐａｌａｅｏｐｓｙｌｌａ ｎｕｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｇｏｎｇ ｅｔ Ｌｉ,１９９２的雄性形态,文中对古蚤属短额种团ｂｒｅｖｉｆｒｏｎｔａｔａ－ｇｒｏｕｐ的特征,主及其分布进行了讨论并列出了已知种的检索表。     

中国辽宁省抚顺煤矿琥珀中斑毛蚜科新科(同翅目:蚜总科)(英文)

本文记述抚顺煤矿琥珀中蚜虫一新科,斑毛蚜科Ｄｒｅｐａｎｏｃｈａｉｔｏｐｈｏｒｉｄａｅ,一新属,斑毛蚜属Ｄｒｅｐａｎｏｃｈａｉｔｏｐｈｏｒｕｓ Ｚｈａｎｇ ｅｔ Ｈｏｎｇ,一新种,抚顺斑毛蚜Ｄｒｅｐａｎｏｃｈａｉｔｏｐｈｏｒｕｓ　ｆｕｓｈｕｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｚｈａｎｇ ｅｔ Ｈｏｎｇ。标本采自煤矿中古城子组,时代属于老第三纪始新世早期。斑毛蚜科的发现,可以帮助我们认识斑蚜科、毛蚜科与斑毛蚜科之间的演化关系。模式标本保存在北京自然历史博物馆。     

中国西南地区淡水贝类八新种记述（腹足纲：瓣鳃纲）

本文报道中国西南地区淡水贝８个新种：Ｖｉｖｉｐａｒｕｓ ｔｒｉｃｉｎｃｔｕｓ Ｌｉｕ,Ｚｈａｎｇ ｅｔ Ｗａｎｇ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．Ｐａｒａｆｏｓｓａｒｕｌｕｓ ｇｌｏｂｏｓｕｓ Ｌｉｕ,Ｚｈａｎｇ ｅｔ Ｗａｎｇ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ｌｉｔｈｏｇｌｙｐｈｏｐｓｉｓ ｈｙａｌｉｎｕｓ Ｌｉｕ,Ｗａｎｇ ｅｔ Ｄｕａｎ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ｓｅｍｉｓｕｌｃｏｓｐｉｒａ ｍａｒｉｃａ Ｌｉｕ,Ｗａｎｇ ｅｔ Ｚｈ     

针壳炱属一新种

针壳炱属一新种：猴欢喜生针壳炱 Ｉｒｅｎｏｐｓｉｓ　ｓｌｏａｎｅｉｃｏｌａ　Ｂ．Ｓｏｎｇ,Ｔ　Ｈ　 Ｌｉ　＆　Ｙ　ＨＳｈｅｎ。它寄生在杜英科植物Ｓｌｏａｎｅａ ｓｉｎｅｎｓｊｓ（Ｈａｎｃｅ） Ｈｅｍｓｌ．上。模式标本保存在广东省微生物研究所标本室。     

中国斑蚜科一新属一新种一新亚种记述(同翅目:蚜总科)

本文记述了中国斑蚜科一新属,茴斑蚜属Ｆｏｅｎｉａｐｈｉｓ Ｚｈａｎｇ ｅｔ Ｑｉａｏ,ｇｅｎ．ｎｏｖ．,一新种,长圈茴斑蚜Ｆ．ｏｂｌｏｎｇｉｓｅｎｓｏｒｉａ Ｑｉａｏ ｅｔ Ｚｈａｎｇ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和一新亚种聂长斑蚜连城亚种Ｔｉｎｏｃａｌｌｉｓ ｎｅｖｓｋｙｉ ｌｉａｎｃｈｅｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ Ｑｉａｏ ｅｔ Ｚｈａｎｇ,ｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。所有模式标本均存放在中国科学院动物研究所昆虫标本馆内。     

云南早寒武世澄江动物群的稀有节肢动物

记述澄江动物群的３个新的节肢动物：Ｄｏｎｇｓｈａｎｉａ ｆｏｌｉｉｆｏｒｍｓ ｇｅｎ．ｅｔ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ｐｉｓｉｎｎｏｃａｒｉｓ ｓｕｂｃｏｎｉｇｅｒａ ｇｅｎ．ｅｔ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｉｕｌｉａ ｃａｍｂｒｉｅｎｓｉｓ ｇｅｎ．ｅｔ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。标本采自云南澄江帽天山和小滥田剖面下寒武统筇竹寺组Ｅｏｒｅｄｌｉｃｈｉａ带下部,３个新属种分别有１枚或２枚标本为代表。新属种拓宽了我们     

中国盗蛛科盗蛛属（蜘蛛目）的分类研究Ⅰ

记述中国盗蛛科盗蛛属６种蜘蛛（其中包括３新种）：锚盗蛛Ｐｉｓａｕｒａ ａｎｃｏｒａ Ｐａｉｋ,１９６９、双角盗蛛Ｐｉｓａｕｒａ ｂｉｃｏｒｍｉｓ Ｚｈａｎｇ ｅｔ Ｓｏｎｇ,１９９２（＝提灯盗蛛Ｐｉｓａｕｒａ ｌａｎｔａｎｕｓ Ｗａｎｇ,１９９３,新异名）、立志盗蛛Ｐｉｓａｕｒａ ｌｉｚｈｉｉ ｓｐ．ｍｏｖ．、奇异盗蛛Ｐｉｓａｕｒａ ｍｉｒａｂｉｌｉｓ（Ｃｌｅｒｃｋ,１７５７）、宋氏资蛛Ｐｉｓａｕ     

栉眼蚤属一新种记述：蚤目：多毛蚤科

本文记述１９８９年５月在湖北省神农架林区捕获的褐家鼠体上采到的一新种跳蚤鄂西栉眼蚤Ｃｔｅｎｏｐｈｔｈａｌｍｕｓ ｅｘｉｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．其形态与似种近甘肃栉眼蚤Ｃｔｅｎｏｐｈｔｈａｌｍｕｓ ｇａｎｓｕｅｎｓｉｓ Ｗｕ,Ｚｈａｎｇ ｅｔ Ｗａｎｇ,１９８２和短突栉眼蚤Ｃ．（Ｓ．）ｂｒｅｖｉｐｒｏｊｉｃｉｅｎｓ Ｌｉ ｅｔ Ｈｕａｎｇ,１９８０进行了比较。     

Shell composition of Terreneuvian tubular fossils from north‐east Sichuan,China

Identification of the primary constituents of small shelly fossil (SSF) shells is important for explaining the evolution of SSF faunas. The characteristics and constituents of Terreneuvian tubular SSFs found in north‐east Sichuan, China, are revealed using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. Petrographic thin sections indicate that the chemical composition of the shells is mainly calcium carbonate with smaller amounts of phosphorus, silica and pyrite. Most of the tubular shells composed of calcium carbonate have a distinct layered structure. Evidence of replacement of the original shell by phosphatization, pyritization and silicification, and recrystallization of calcium carbonate have been found, all of which destroyed the shell's original layered structure. Most fossils treated with acetic acid are phosphatic casts or steinkerns, with some preserving organic textures of the shell as phosphatic casts. We conclude that the Terreneuvian tubular SSFs from north‐east Sichuan were originally composed mainly of calcium carbonate; indeed, most Terreneuvian small skeletal fossils appear to have had an originally calcareous composition. The fossil casts or internal core fossils are composed of phosphate, which is related to local taphonomic processes.     

我国寒武系底部含磷岩系中的棘灰状化石

重点介绍产于我国扬子地台下寒武统底部含磷岩系中的部分具棘,带刺类化石的分布情况和埋藏特征,对它们的分类位置和亲缘关系也作初步探讨,认为它们分属于不同的后生动物类群的硬件构造,文中描述了该类化石3属4种,其中1新属1新种－Paradoxiconus typicalis gen.et sp.nov。     

MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION,SPECIES CONCEPTS,AND CLASSIFICATION OF AN UNUSUAL FOSSIL CENTRIC DIATOM (BACILLARIOPHYTA) FROM WESTERN NORTH AMERICA1

The classification system of diatoms (Bacillariophyta) is based almost entirely on the organization and structure of their silica cell walls. We have discovered Miocene freshwater fossils that contain valves of two different orders within the same organism. Within frustules of the genus Ellerbeckia Crawford, a genus of the order Melosirales, are contained frustules of the genus Actinocyclus Ehrenberg, a member of the Coscinodiscales. Based on the abundance of each morphotype, they appear to be able to reproduce themselves. The ability of a single diatom taxon to express this degree of morphological variability is unprecedented. These results suggest species concepts in diatoms may be in need of review and challenge the basis of the classification system for this widely distributed and ecologically important group of organisms.     

Trends in the Evolution of Insect Parasitism by Nematodes as Inferred from Fossil Evidence

Fossil evidence can reveal a wealth of information regarding entomogenous nematodes. Amber is an excellent medium for the preservation of such fossils because it protects delicate organisms like nematodes, often along with their insect hosts. Such fossils establish a baseline for the appearance and continuation of parasite lineages as well as parasite-host associations. Thus far, fossil records of insect parasites have been discovered in the following nematode groups: terrestrial and aquatic Mermithidae, Tetradonematidae, Iotonchidae, Diplogasteridae, Allantonematidae, Sphaerulariidae, and Rhabditidae. Records date from 15 to 130 million years, demonstrating that these associations have existed for a considerable length of time.     

北京昌平青白口系痕迹化石

北京昌平青白口系长龙山组和景儿峪组发育有丰富的痕迹化石,其中长龙山组产有Ｈｅｌｍｉｎｔｈｏｐｓｉｓ ｓｐ．,Ｃｏｃｈｌｉｃｈｎｕｓ ｓｐ．,代表潮下低能环境;景儿峪组产有Ｓｋｏｌｉｔｈｏｓ ｓｐ．和Ｍｏｎｏｃｒａｔｅｒｉｏｎ ｓｐ．,代表高能潮间环境。     

Lower Cretaceous (Albian) shell-armoured and associated echinoid trace fossils from the Sácaras Formation, Serra Gelada area, southeast Spain

The Sácaras Formation (Albian, Lower Cretaceous) of the Serra Gelada succession (Prebetic of Alicante), southeast Spain, comprises carbonate‐rich, upwards thickening parasequences in which many types of trace fossils have been identified. The present study focuses on two types of tubular trace fossil characterized by features of their external coating. The first type is represented by a shell‐covered, structured trace fossil, up to 4?cm in diameter and 40?cm in length, built horizontally, from rectilinear (type 1) to gently curved (type 2), which envelopes an unstructured pipe of grey silty sediment. The coating is characterized by imbricated, flat particles, mainly orbitolinid foraminifers and other planar bioclasts, forming thin concentric layers; in cross section the bioclasts produce a typical plumed structure. This trace fossil represents a new ichnogenus and ichnospecies, here named Ereipichnus geladensis. Particle arrangement of the external coating is similar to that of terebelloid tubes, but Ereipichnus is a horizontal trace fossil, whereas structured worm tubes are vertical. The second type is a grain‐coated trace fossil, tubular in shape, with a simple internal structure. The coating is often reddish with respect to the neighbouring dark grey sediment and shows a slightly coarser‐grained texture, which envelopes the internal muddy pipe. This type, which yielded echinoids, was produced by irregular or heart‐shaped sea‐urchins (spatangoids) and is attributed to Scolicia or Cardioichnus. Facies analysis of the Serra Gelada succession with Ereipichnus and Scolicia or Cardioichnus locally shows other types of branched trace fossils (primarily represented by different forms of Thalassinoides) and bioturbation is developed in tiers, increasing upwards in abundance and diversity.     

Beyond the Burgess Shale: Cambrian microfossils track the rise and fall of hallucigeniid lobopodians

Burgess Shale-type deposits are renowned for their exquisite preservation of soft-bodied organisms, representing a range of animal body plans that evolved during the Cambrian ‘explosion’. However, the rarity of these fossil deposits makes it difficult to reconstruct the broader-scale distributions of their constituent organisms. By contrast, microscopic skeletal elements represent an extensive chronicle of early animal evolution—but are difficult to interpret in the absence of corresponding whole-body fossils. Here, we provide new observations on the dorsal spines of the Cambrian lobopodian (panarthropod) worm Hallucigenia sparsa from the Burgess Shale (Cambrian Series 3, Stage 5). These exhibit a distinctive scaly microstructure and layered (cone-in-cone) construction that together identify a hitherto enigmatic suite of carbonaceous and phosphatic Cambrian microfossils—including material attributed to Mongolitubulus, Rushtonites and Rhombocorniculum—as spines of Hallucigenia-type lobopodians. Hallucigeniids are thus revealed as an important and widespread component of disparate Cambrian communities from late in the Terreneuvian (Cambrian Stage 2) through the ‘middle’ Cambrian (Series 3); their apparent decline in the latest Cambrian may be partly taphonomic. The cone-in-cone construction of hallucigeniid sclerites is shared with the sclerotized cuticular structures (jaws and claws) in modern onychophorans. More generally, our results emphasize the reciprocal importance and complementary roles of Burgess Shale-type fossils and isolated microfossils in documenting early animal evolution.     

CLEPTOPARASITISM AND DETRITIVORY IN DUNG BEETLE FOSSIL BROOD BALLS FROM PATAGONIA, ARGENTINA

Abstract:  Traces within traces is a new ichnological field that is meant to shed light on significative palaeoecological aspects. Dung beetle fossil brood balls ( Coprinisphaera ispp.), from the Middle Eocene – Lower Miocene Sarmiento Formation of Patagonia, Argentina, show two different trace fossils excavated in its infillings and/or wall that reveal the presence and relationships among different components of past dung communities. Tombownichnus pepei n. isp. is represented by elongated pits, circular to elliptical in cross-section, occurring in the centre or beside ovoid mounds in the internal surface of the Coprinisphaera wall. These traces record the activity of cleptoparasites, such as other dung beetles or flies, whose larvae were probably carried passively with the dung for provisions. Tombownichnus pepei would represent the pupation chambers excavated by full grown larvae in the Coprinisphaera wall after completing their development inside provisioned dung. The other trace fossil, Lazaichnus fistulosus is represented by circular to subcircular borings occurring in Coprinisphaera walls, in connection with an internal gallery in their infillings. Its connection also with meniscate burrows and chambers in the surrounding palaeosol attributable to aestivation chambers of earthworms revealed that these organisms would have been active cleptoparasites or detritivores in dung beetle fossil brood balls.     

贵州瓮安埃迪卡拉纪陡山沱组磷块岩中具螺旋孔的微体化石

文中对贵州瓮安埃迪卡拉纪陡山沱组磷块岩中一类具螺旋孔的微体球形化石进行形态功能学分析,并与原生动物肉足虫纲的类群进行比较。结果显示它们是一个独立的分类单元,属于单细胞原生动物,并命名为瓮安旋孔虫(新属、新种)(Helico foramina wenganica gen.et sp.nov.),与已报道的胚胎化石很可能没有亲缘关系。虽然这类化石生物很可能属于原生动物肉足虫纲,但还不能归入其已知的目,也许属于新的目一级分类单元。螺旋孔是伪足伸出的孔洞,它们起到了取食、运动和排泄的作用。该类化石生物的个体生长是通过阶段性地脱去外部壳体、再由原生质体分泌出新壳体的方式来实现的。     

西藏申扎地区奥陶纪鹦鹉螺类化石的新材料

塔尔玛桥东-扎扛一带是近年发现的藏北地区第二个有可靠生物化石依据的奥陶系出露区。描述的鹦鹉螺化石是该区鹦鹉螺化石的一小部分,包括1新属、2新种和1未定种,分别是Taermaocerasgen.nov.,Taer-maocerasregularegen.etsp.nov.,Taermaocerasovatumgen.etsp.nov.及Taermaocearssp.。