秋茄(Kandelia candel)幼苗对多氯联苯污染的生理生态响应

通过盆栽实验,研究了4种不同浓度(180 、900 、1800 和2700μg kg^-1)的多氯联苯（PCBs）对红树植物秋茄幼苗的茎高、茎径、生物量、相对生长速率以及叶片的叶绿素含量、水势、丙二醛含量和游离脯氨酸含量等生理生态指标的影响,结果表明:（1）在所设PCBs浓度范围内,PCBs对秋茄幼苗的茎高、茎径、生物量和相对生长速率等生长指标的生长没有产生不利的影响,相反具有促进作用,红树植物秋茄在PCBs污染情况下能旺盛生长;（2）在所设PCBs浓度范围内,秋茄幼苗叶片能保持相对正常的叶绿素水平和相对稳定的叶绿素a/b值,叶绿素a、叶绿素b和叶绿素a+b的含量虽然有所降低,但均为对照的70%以上;叶绿素a/b值有所升高,但均未超过对照的15％。（3）随着PCBs浓度的升高,秋茄幼苗叶片水势呈上升趋势,而游离脯氨酸含量和膜质过氧化产物MDA含量均有一定的增加,说明PCBs对秋茄幼苗产生了一定的影响。总体来看,秋茄幼苗能在所设浓度的PCBs范围内正常生长,对PCBs有较强的耐受性和适应性,对PCBs污染的沉积物进行修复是可行的。     

多氯联苯对桐花树幼苗生长及膜保护酶系统的影响

通过盆栽实验,研究了不同浓度(180、900、1 800和2 700 μg·kg^-1)多氯联苯(PCBs)对红树植物桐花树幼苗生长、叶绿素含量、膜质过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）以及膜保护酶系统的影响.结果表明：PCBs对桐花树幼苗的生长有一定的促进作用,随着PCBs浓度的提高,桐花树幼苗的茎高、茎径和茎体积均呈升高趋势;在试验PCBs浓度范围内,桐花树幼苗叶片能保持相对正常的叶绿素水平和相对稳定的叶绿素a/b值,叶绿素a、叶绿素b和叶绿素a+b含量虽然有所降低,但均未低于对照的75%;叶绿素a/b值有所升高,但均未超过对照的10％.随着PCBs浓度的提高,桐花树幼苗叶片SOD活性呈单峰曲线变化,而POD活性和MDA含量呈单谷曲线变化.红树植物桐花树可通过生理生化机制适应一定浓度的PCBs污染,对PCBs有较强的耐受性和适应性,可用于PCBs污染的植物修复.     

土壤结构与光照水平对秋茄某些生长和生理参数的影响

在香港的３个红树森样地即黄竹湾（沙土）、西径（沙壤土）和米埔（粘壤土）进行了土壤结构对秋茄（Kandelia candel(L.)Durce)生长和生理影响的研究,并在米埔比较了林内和林外秋茄幼苗的生长和生理参数以观察光照水平的效应。在沙土和沙壤土生长的１．５年秋茄幼苗比粘壤土具有较粗的基径的较高的总生物量,说明秋茄幼苗在沙土和沙壤土中比在粘壤土中生长更好。沙土１．５ 茄幼苗的叶片厚度分别为沙壤土和粘壤土的１．７５和２．０５倍,表明沙土中的秋茄幼苗具有旱生结构以维持体内水分。然而,沙土和沙壤土４．５年秋茄幼树的叶片厚度无显著差异,沙土和沙壤土中１．５年秋茄幼苗分配于根系的生物量比例约为５０％,高于粘壤土的值（约４０％）。沙土和沙壤土中１．５年的秋茄比粘壤土具有较低的叶绿素含量、根系活力、硝酸盐还原酶活性、过氧化物酶（ＰＯＸ）活性、超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性及较高的丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量。米埔１．５年秋茄幼苗在红树林外比林内有更好的长势,具有更大的叶面积、特殊叶面积、叶片数量及生物量。林内幼苗具有较高叶绿素含量,较低叶绿素a/b比值,较高硝酸盐还原酶活性和较强的根系活力,林外幼苗的叶片ＰＯＸ和ＳＯＤ活性比林内的值稍高,ＭＤＡ含量比林内显著要高。     

牲畜废水对两种红树植物幼苗的影响

研究了淡水(盐度为0）和海水(盐度为30)两种盐水度条件下温室盆栽系统红树植物秋茄和榄对牲畜废水的生长和生理反应．结果表明,牧畜废水对秋茄和木榄的生长指标(包括高度、基径、叶片生成量、最大叶面积和相对生长率)有显著促进作用;盐度水平和废水的加入均对秋茄生物量的分配无明显影响,但废水使木榄的根生物量比和根／茎比减小而叶生物量比增加;两种盐度下废水处理组秋茄加绿素a、叶绿素b含量与相应对照组无显著差异,而木榄有比对照高的叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量;废水处理组秋茄叶片电导率高于对照组,但木榄叶片电导率在淡水条件下与对照组无显著差异,在海水条件下甚至低于对照组;牲畜废水对秋茄和木榄的根系活力均无显著影响;在两种盐度条件下牲畜废水均导致秋茄茎和根POX活性的明显增强,而对叶POX活性则无显著影响,牲畜废水对木榄叶和茎POX活性无显著影响,而木榄根POX活性淡水条件下下降、海水条件下则升高;两种盐度条件下牲畜废水均使得木榄各器官的SOD活性显著下降,而对秋茄SOD活性基本无显著影响。     

人工污水对白骨壤幼苗生理生态特性的影响

探讨了3种不同浓度污水对白骨壤幼苗叶片叶绿素含量、过氧化氢酶活性、游离脯氨酸含量、含水量、相对电导率与植株生物量、茎径和茎高生长量等生理生态指标的影响。结果表明,正常浓度和5倍浓度污水对植株无不良影响,并可促进植株生长;10倍浓度污水对植株各生理生态指标有显着影响,但植株最终可维持正常生长。研究表明,白骨壤对污水具有较强的适应性和耐受性。     

含油废水对秋茄幼苗的几个生理生态指标的影响

研究了５种不同浓度的含油废水对 秋茄幼苗的叶片叶绿素含量、过氧化氢酶活性、游离游离脯氨酸含量、含水量、相对电导率与生物量、存活率、茎高生长量等生理生态的指标的影响。结果表明：５０ｍｇ／Ｌ和１００ｍｇ／Ｌ浓度组不仅对植株无不良影响,而且能促进生长;２００ｍｇ／Ｌ组植株的某些生理生态 到影响,但整体上生长正常;４００ｍｇ／Ｌ和８００ｍｇ／Ｌ组则对植株各项指标产生显著或极显著影响,甚至引起个体死亡。因此     

虾池清塘排出物沉积厚度对老鼠簕幼苗的影响

模拟直接排入红树林的虾池清塘排出物在林地的不同沉积厚度（0、2、4、8 cm）,研究其对培养424 d的红树植物老鼠簕（Acanthus ilicifolius）幼苗生长和生理的影响。清塘排出物的加入对老鼠簕幼苗茎高、基径、叶片数、叶面积、生物量和相对生长率等生长指标都有显著促进作用。总体长势表现为沉积厚度8 cm>4 cm> 2 cm>0 cm。生长指标显示只需少量清塘排出物的沉积（沉积厚度2 cm、4 cm）就能对幼苗的生长产生明显的促进作用,但大量排出物沉积的积累并不会带来更明显的促进作用。清塘排出物沉积的加入能显著提高叶片光合能力,尤其利于叶绿素a的合成。沉积厚度2 cm和4 cm时,幼苗叶片游离脯氨酸的积累并不显著,但丙二醛、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量显著高于正常水平;沉积厚度8 cm则使叶片中游离脯氨酸、丙二醛和水溶性化合物均有大量积累;而叶片中抗氧化酶活性只有在大量沉积物加入（沉积厚度8 cm）时才显著低于对照组水平。总之,老鼠簕幼苗对清塘排出物沉积厚度4 cm以下具有较强的抗逆性和适应力,沉积厚度8 cm会使老鼠簕幼苗受到一定程度的逆境伤害,但本实验期间还未影响其生长。     

白骨壤对石油污染的生理生态响应

研究了4种不同剂量的石油处理对红树植物白骨壤的叶片叶绿素含量、过氧化氢酶活性、游离脯氨酸含量、含水量、相对电导率、根系活力与生物量、茎高和茎径生长量、存活率、萌发幼苗数、幼苗高度等生理生态指标的影响,结果表明15 0 mg剂量的伊朗轻质原油处理对白骨壤没有不利影响,30 0 mg、6 0 0 mg剂量的伊朗轻质原油处理有促进白骨壤生长的作用,12 0 0 mg剂量的伊朗轻质原油处理植株生长受到明显抑制而且出现较多的个体死亡现象。白骨壤对石油污染有较强的耐受性和适应性,但大剂量能引起植株死亡。     

尾巨桉DH3229幼苗对硝普钠-酸铝互作的响应

该研究以广西林业科学研究院提供的尾巨桉DH3229幼苗为材料,以分析纯AlCl3·6H2O为铝(Al)的供体,以硝普钠(SNP)为一氧化氮(NO)的供体,设置3个SNP浓度(0、10、500μmol·L~(-1))和2个Al水平(0、5 mmol·L~(-1)),每5 d浇一次含不同浓度Al和SNP的营养液,持续20周,分析Al胁迫对幼苗生长生理特性的影响,并探讨不同浓度外源SNP施加对植物Al毒害有无缓解作用及其缓解机理。结果表明:Al施加能显著降低尾巨桉DH3229幼苗的生物量、叶片叶绿素a、总叶绿素含量、叶绿素a/b值和可溶性糖含量;Al胁迫显著增加幼苗相对电导率、MDA、SOD、游离脯氨酸含量。外源施加适量(10μmol·L~(-1))的SNP能使Al胁迫下桉树幼苗根和叶等生物量、叶片叶绿素含量以及Chl a/b显著提高,同时降低其相对电导率、MDA含量和游离脯氨酸含量。可见,SNP具有双重性,适量SNP施加可有效缓解Al对桉树生长的胁迫,高浓度(500μmol·L~(-1)) SNP则产生硝化胁迫从而抑制桉树的生长。     

不同配比施肥对马尾松幼苗生长特征的影响

为获得马尾松幼苗最佳施肥配方,该文以1年生马尾松幼苗为试验材料,采用L₁₆（4³）正交设计,并通过测定幼苗苗高、地径、生物量、叶绿素含量、叶片N、P、K含量,探讨不同N、P、K配比施肥对马尾松幼苗生长特征影响。结果表明：（1）不同配比施肥处理间马尾松幼苗苗高、地径、生物量、质量指数、叶绿素和养分含量存在显著差异,其中,处理12生物量、质量指数、叶绿素a和总叶绿素含量、隶属值最高。（2）施N对幼苗生长及生理指标均有极显著影响;施K对苗高、地径、地上生物量、总生物量有显著影响,对叶绿素和针叶养分有极显著影响;施P对叶绿素a、叶绿素b、针叶N和P含量有极显著影响,对苗高、地下生物量、总叶绿素含量有显著影响。（3）施N对苗高、地径、地上生物量、总生物量、质量指数、叶绿素a含量、总叶绿素含量和针叶N含量的影响最大,K次之,P最小。各因素对地下生物量和针叶P含量的影响均表现为N>P>K。（4）N3水平利于幼苗苗高地径的生长及生物量的积累,N4水平利于叶绿素a和总叶绿素含量及针叶N、P含量的积累,P4水平利于生物量、叶绿素含量和养分P含量的积累...     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV