短尾蜉属 (蜉蝣目 :细蜉科 )在中国的首次发现及一新种记述(英文)

本文报道短尾蜉属BrachycercusCrutis (1834)在中国的首次发现 ,并对该属一新种小铗短尾蜉Brachycercusparviforcipissp .nov .的形态特征作了详细描述 ,模式标本采自云南省昆明市松花坝水库。正模 :♂成虫 ,副模 :3♂成虫 ,采集时间 :VI 2 1996 ,采集人 :周长发和王备新 ,保存在南京师范大学生物系。综合利用小铗短尾蜉雄成虫的下列特征 ,可将它与同属已知的 19种区别开来 :1)触角色浅单一 ,梗节长度是柄节的三倍以上 ;2 )胸部背板棕色 ,前足腿节基部黑色 ,第一、第二、第九、第十节的腹部背板全部及其它每节背板的后缘为棕黑色 ,其他部分为淡黄色 ;3)与同属其它种相比 ,小铗短尾蜉的尾铗短小 ,不超过阳茎长度。     

紊蒿属一新种和对该属分类及演化的讨论

对新种多头紊蒿(Elachanthemum polycephalum Z.Y.Zhu et C.Z.Liang)的形态特征进行了描述,并从形态和生态特征、地理分布及其区系起源等方面探讨了紊蒿属(Elachanthemum Y.Ling et Y.R.Ling)的分类地位。结果表明：紊蒿属与百花蒿属(Stilpnolepis Krasch.)在形态上虽有相近之处,但花、果实和花粉等形态差异明显,因而不能并入百花蒿属,而应独立成属。该属起源于第三纪亚洲北部的古蒿类群(Pro-Artemisia L.),是蒿类中较为原始的属,为古地中海东部残遗的旱生成分,也是现代亚洲中部荒漠(戈壁荒漠)的持有属;多头紊蒿新种的发现,使紊蒿属从单种属变成寡种(双种)属,表明荒漠植物区系的物种分化仍在进行。     

ANATOMICALLY PRESERVED SEED CONES OF THE PINACEAE FROM THE EARLY CRETACEOUS OF VIRGINIA

A collection of anatomically preserved conifer cones from the Early Cretaceous of Virginia contains two new species of the extinct pinaceous genus Pityostrobus. Superficially, the fossil cones resemble those of modern species of Picea. However, the fossils reveal such a peculiar mixture of anatomical features that they cannot be assigned to any extant genus of the Pinaceae. One of the new species, Pityostrobus hueberi, is most comparable with Pityostrobus corneti Alvin from the Early Cretaceous of Belgium. Pityostrobus virginiana, the other new species, differs from all other members of the genus in only slight—but nonetheless significant—attributes. Pityostrobus hueberi and P. virginiana are the first species of this genus to be reported from Early Cretaceous sediments of the North American Atlantic Coastal Plain. As such, they increase our knowledge of the structural variation exhibited by ancient members of the Pinaceae.     

榧属分类学研究

本文对榧属的研究历史作了回顾, 以形态性状为依据, 结合其他学科的研究成果, 对榧属的分类进行了研究, 该属共6种2变种和11个栽培变种, 其中有1新变种(九龙山榧)、1改级新组合(云南榧)和6个新栽培变种。支持根据种子胚乳深皱与微皱建立两个组和榧属为红豆杉科进化类群的观点。     

座隔孢属一新种

座隔孢属(Toxosporiopsis Sutton & Sellar)为腔孢纲(Coelomycetes)之一小属,已描述2种。本文报道了该属产自中国的一个新种:中国座隔孢(Toxosporiopsis sinensisW.P.Wu)。新种生于胡桃(Juglans regia L.)枯枝上,它与已知种尖顶座隔孢(Toxosporio-psis capitata Sutton & Sellar)和大孢座隔孢(Toxosporiopsis macrosperma(Cavara)Sutton& Dyko)在子座大小,产孢细胞长度,分生孢子形态、大小,侧丝长度及其外围胶质鞘的有无等特征上差别极大,故另立新种。     

盘二孢属一新种——花椒盘二孢

花椒盘二孢Marssonina zanthoxyla Y.J.Lu et G.L.Li sp.nov.是寄生在芸香科花椒属植物上的一种寄生菌,本文有汉文和拉丁文的形态描述和新种的讨论。     

单囊壳属一新种——乌蔹莓单囊壳

本文报道了单囊壳属Sphaerotheca的一新种:乌蔹莓单囊壳Sphaerotheca cayratiae Z.Q.Yuan et A.Q.Wang sp.nov.。新种寄生于葡萄科Vitaceae植物角花乌蔹莓Cayratia corniculata(Benth.)Gagnep上,为单囊壳属的寄主科世界新记录。文中对该新种的形态特征作了拉丁文和中文描述,并讨论了新种与本属内相似种的区别。模式标本存于新疆八一农学院植保系真菌标本室。     

中国大陆的一种植物新记录

1985年,我在参加由安徽省芜湖市科委、卫生局和九华山管理处联合组织的九华山植物资源调查中,采到一种兰科毛兰属植物,经鉴定系葡萄毛兰Eria reptans(Fr. et Sav.)Makino。本种只记载分布于日本和我国台湾岛,而在中国大陆是地理分布新记录。同时,毛兰属也是安徽省地理分布新记录的属。     

中国酣弄蝶属名录与一新种记述(鳞翅目,弄蝶科)

酣弄蝶属Halpe全世界已知48种,中国已知16种,在总结中国酣弄蝶分类研究的基础上,记述1新种：凹斑酣弄蝶Halpe concavimarginata sp.nov.,制作了中国酣弄蝶属分种检索表。模式标本保存于西北农林科技大学昆虫博物馆。 凹斑酣弄蝶,新种Halpe concavimarginata sp.nov.（图1 ～5） 新种外形与峨眉酣弄蝶Halpe nephele Leech,1893非常近似,主要区别是：新种前翅长18～20mm;前翅中域斑的外缘向内凹入;前后翅的缘毛黑白相间非常明显;抱器端2分瓣间的“U”形凹陷跨度较小,凹陷底部无锯齿。峨眉酣弄蝶Halpe nephele Leech前翅长17.5～18.0mm;前翅中域斑的外缘直,不凹入;前后翅的缘毛黑白相间不明显;抱器端两分瓣间“U”形凹陷跨度大,锯齿连续。 新种也近似白缘毛酣弄蝶Halpe albicilia Tsukiyama et Chiba,1991 ,区别在于白缘毛酣弄蝶前翅长21mm,后翅的缘毛全白色,外生殖器也不同。 模式标本正模♂,副模1 ♂,四川芦山, 1996 ,汪炳红采。     

金盏苣苔属(苦苣苔科)的第二次校订

金盏苣苔属(Isometrum Craib)属于苦苣苔亚科(Cyrtandroideae)长蒴苣苔族(Didymocarpcae),是由W.G.Craib 1919根据I.farreri Craib建立的,同年他又把Didissandra glandulosa Batalin置于该属,1960年B.L.Burtt又把Didi-sandra Clarke中的4个种(即:D.prumuliflora Batalim,D.giraldii Diels,D.fargesii Franch.和D.leucantha Diels)移入该属。作者在编写中国植物志苦苣苔     

侧孢座腔菌属一新种*

本文报道了分离自东北红豆杉Taxuscuspidata树皮及小枝中的侧孢座腔菌属一新种——红豆杉侧孢座腔菌Pleurocytosporataxi。新种有拉丁文简介并附图,模式标本保存于齐齐哈尔大学微生物实验室(HQD54)。     

我国小网蝽属昆虫的研究（半翅目：异翅亚目：网蝽科）

本文记述了我国内蒙古地区网蝽科小网蝽属一新种,即内蒙小网蝽。新种的模式标本保存在内蒙师范大学生物系昆虫标本室。     

拟口蘑属一新种

本文报道产自吉林省舒兰县的拟口蘑属(Tricholomopsis)一新种:舒兰拟口蘑(T.shulanensis X.He)。文中还对作为该属模式种的赭红拟口蘑(T.rutilans)的侧囊体存在与否阐述了意见。     

中国菊科植物上拟盘梗霉属的新种和新组合

拟盘梗霉属(Bremiella G.W.Wilson)霜霉,全世界已报道2个种。本文报道寄生于我国菊科植物上的1个新种及2个新组合。新种是寄生于茼蒿上的Bremiella multiformis Tao et Y.Qin sp.nov.。新组合是欧茼蒿上的Bremiella chrysanthemi-coronarii(Sawada)Tao comb.nov。及黄花蒿上的Bremiella artemisiae-annuae(Ling et M. C.Tai)Tao comb.nov.。对新种作了汉文及拉丁文描述,并附有形态图,还讨论了新种和新组合与近似种之间的区别。     

中国菊科植物上拟盘梗霉属的新种和新组合*

拟盘梗霉属(Bremiella G.W.Wilson)霜霉,全世界已报道2个种。本文报道寄生于我国菊科植物上的1个新种及2个新组合。新种是寄生于茼蒿上的Bremiella multiformis Tao et Y.Qin sp.nov.。新组合是欧茼蒿上的Bremiella chrysanthemi-coronarii(Sawada)Tao comb.nov。及黄花蒿上的Bremiella artemisiae-annuae(Ling et M. C.Tai)Tao comb.nov.。对新种作了汉文及拉丁文描述,并附有形态图,还讨论了新种和新组合与近似种之间的区别。     

NEW FERTILE SPECIES OF PSILOPHYTON FROM THE DEVONIAN OF MAINE

A review of the history of the genus Psilophyton is presented. Two new species with sporangia in organic connection, P. microspinosum and P. dapsile, are described. They are compared with Psilophyton-like plants from Maine and other previously described fertile species of this genus. Evidence from several species in the Trout Valley flora confirms the concept of this taxon as presented by Hueber and Banks. Data based on all sporangium-bearing species of Psilophyton are outlined, certain evolutionary trends within the taxon are tentatively presented, and recommendations for the treatment of the numerous fragmentary species and future new species are suggested.     

THE TAXONOMIC AND PHYLOGENETIC POSITION OF THE PLESIOSAUROIDEA FROM THE LOWER JURASSIC POSIDONIA SHALE OF SOUTH-WEST GERMANY

Abstract:  The two plesiosauroid species from the Posidonia shale of Holzmaden, ' Plesiosaurus ' guilelmiimperatoris and ' Plesiosaurus ' brachypterygius , do not belong to Plesiosaurus but form new monotypic genera. The new genus Hydrorion is erected for ' P .' brachypterygius , and the genus Seeleyosaurus is re-established for ' P .' guilelmiimperatoris . The recently described species Plesiopterys wildii is regarded as a junior synonym of S. guilelmiimperatoris . A short phylogenetic analysis shows that S. guilelmiimperatoris and Muraenosaurus are basal elasmosaurs. H. brachypterygius , Occitanosaurus tournemirensis from France and Microcleidus homalospondylus from England form a monophyletic clade, which is the sister taxon to the Cretaceous elasmosaurs. A palaeobiogeographical comparison of plesiosaur localities in the Lower Jurassic shows distinct palaeobiogeographical zones for the Toarcian, with different plesiosaur taxa in England, Germany and France.     

A NEW SPECIES OF MOERITHERIUM (PROBOSCIDEA, MAMMALIA) FROM THE EOCENE OF ALGERIA: NEW PERSPECTIVES ON THE ANCESTRAL MORPHOTYPE OF THE GENUS

Abstract:  A new species of Moeritherium (Proboscidea, Mammalia), M. chehbeurameuri sp. nov., is described from remains discovered in the early late Eocene locality of Bir El Ater, Algeria. Although mainly represented by isolated teeth, it shows distinct synapomorphies which justify its attribution to the genus Moeritherium , together with exclusive features that led to the creation of the new species. The main characteristic of this new taxon is the almost complete lophodonty shown by its molars, while Moeritherium is commonly regarded as a bunolophodont to bunodont taxon. In addition to this lophodonty, this new taxon shows anatomical features as yet unknown for the genus, but often met within lophodont early proboscidean taxa such as Phosphatherium escuilliei and Numidotherium koholense . Although a revision of the whole genus Moeritherium is outside the scope of this paper, the main controversies and discussion about the definition of species within the genus Moeritherium are discussed. The surprising lophodonty of M. chehbeurameuri , together with its small size, its early late Eocene age and the weak molarization of its P₃ support the hypothesis of a lophodont hypothetical ancestor for moeritheres, and therefore strengthen the growing hypothesis of a lophodont dental ancestral morphotype for proboscideans.     

中国水柏枝属的分类研究

水柏枝属Myricaria Desv.最早属于柽柳属Tamarix的范畴。C.Linnaeus于1753年在《植物种志》中首先记载了产于欧洲(德国)的一种水柏枝,即置于柽柳属内,为Tamarix germanica L.⁽¹⁰⁾。     

中国扁胸切叶蚁属一新种及红蚁属一新纪录种(膜翅目,蚁科)

报道了采自湖北西部地区的扁胸切叶蚁属1新种和红蚁属中国1新纪录种,即亮颚扁胸切叶蚁Vollenhovialucimandibula sp.nov.和乌尔班红蚁Myrmica urbanii Radchenko et Elmes.新种与埃氏扁胸切叶蚁V.emeryi Wheeler相似,但新种身体黑褐色,第2结节背面具密集粗糙刻点,上颚光亮无刻点.模式标本保存于湖北民族学院昆虫标本室.