我想邂逅一只獾

<正>当窗外猫头鹰的"咕咕"声和外公的呼噜声配成一首滑稽的奏鸣曲,我知道,夜已经很深了。穿好衣服,提上鞋子,我蹑手蹑脚地溜出家门。今晚,对,趁着夜深人静,我要独自走入森林,找到外公提到过的那棵老橡树。哪怕田鼠啃咬我的脚趾,虫虫钻进我的衣领,我都会在树下屏住呼吸,耐心守候,因为……     

走进内蒙

2015年8月1日,我们每一个人收拾好行囊,整装待发,在邓涛老师带领下踏上了去往内蒙古的征程,拉开了探索灰色生命之旅的序幕. 队伍由两辆车、8人组成,我们早晨7点从中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所出发,披着清晨的阳光,摆脱城市的拥挤,缓缓地“逃离”了北京城.直到抵达张北之后我们的车子才能像矫健的马儿一样驰骋在广袤的公路上,沿途没有了城市的喧闹,没有了交通的堵塞,伴随我们的只有那一眼望去蓝蓝的天空、随风摆动的小草,以及那迷人的风景,偶尔打开车窗,一股凉爽的清风扑面而来,沁人心脾.经过一路的颠簸,我们在傍晚时刻到达锡林浩特,当地文物保护站的同志为我们安顿好了一切.     

森林捕狼计中计

爱尔兰多尼戈尔郡郊外,一座名叫贝利的宏伟庄园内。庄园主帕克先生站在巨大的落地玻璃窗前,用食指和大拇指轻轻捏着餐巾一角,优雅从容地抹掉嘴边的一丁点儿花生酱。我的庄园怎么样?尊敬的朱莉小姐!帕克转过身,对身边一位戴着鸟羽装饰帽,衣着华贵的漂亮女士说道。恕我直言,帕克先生。朱莉耸耸肩,您的庄园很美,有花草,有庭院,有骏马,有天鹅,但依我看,它太过柔美了。我听说,在都柏林,时髦的绅士们喜欢给自己的庄园加些野性力量。您知道,温克     

魔鬼熊不是坏家伙

无聊的寒假,无聊的阿拉斯加,没有电子游戏,没有小伙伴,最讨厌的是……阿,阿嚏!这鬼天气简直要把人冻成冰棍。一下飞机,盖瑞就在心里一个劲儿地抱怨。为了写一本关于鹰的书,盖瑞的作家老妈带着他,哦不,应该是硬拽着他来到了偏远的阿拉斯加,美其名曰:在冰天雪地中亲近自然。     

十二生肖(十二属种)动物与人类进化论——人类起源的探索(三)

地球上十二属种动物与人类的关系存在决定意识,人们的社会存在决定人们的社会(思想)意识。人类产生“十二兽”观念并制订,实行十二兽历法,正是人类自身起源于“十二兽”的先祖这一客观事实在人们头脑中的反映。十二兽:我国又称十二禽,十二属,十二物,十二生肖等。所谓十二兽,我国汉族是指鼠,牛,虎,兔,龙,蛇,马,羊,猴,鸡,狗,猪。让我们从十二兽历法的产生和起源来探讨地球上十二属种动物(十二兽)的先祖与人类进化的关系。世界上四大文明古国———中国、印度、埃及和巴比伦各有其“十二兽历法”,内容上大同小异。中国汉族:鼠,牛,虎,兔,龙,蛇,…     

广西容县84例狂犬病流行病学分析及预防对策

目的 通过对容县2000～2007年84例狂犬病流行病学特点进行分析,探讨流行回升的因素,分析目前防治过程中存在的问题,提出狂犬病的预防对策和措施.方法 收集2000～2007年容县狂犬病疫情报告资料及对狂犬病病例的个案调查资料进行分析.结果 近年来,容县狂犬病疫情明显上升,成为有史以来流行高峰,最高年发病率3.04/10万.发病以农民,学生为主,男性多于女性,全年均有病例发生,无明显季节性,狂犬病暴露动物以犬伤为主,暴露部位以头颈部为最危险,潜伏期最短.结论 为有效预防狂犬病流行,应进一步建立完善犬类的管理的法律、法规,使预防狂犬病进入法制轨道,以有效控制狂犬病流行.伤后未能及时正确处理,暴露后免疫率低,是狂犬病发生的重要原因.加强宣传,提高狂犬病的防控知识,政府部门齐抓共管,采取综合性防控措施,才能有效控制狂犬病的流行.     

生物柴油植物桉树类叶油的开发利用

按树是我国南方地区常见的常绿树种,我们经过较长时间的调研和资料整理,认为桉树类的枝叶油与柴油的理化性质十分接近,是非常好的内燃机燃料油的代用品。而且,蒸馏按树油与绿化荒山、培育用材林矛盾不大,建设按树油基地不仅可以解决燃料油的短缺,也可培植用材林,带动地方经济的发展,增加农民收入,是一举多得的事业。     

聆听草语

出小小的村落,一直往南走,有一片辽阔的草地。任那向阳的坡坝上,长着墨绿色的草儿们。浓浓的,密密的,人丁旺盛,不像园圃那么单调。蒲公英、野艾、沙拉秧、芨芨草、酢浆草、抽筋草、马齿苋、野羊姜……这些草常常迷幻了我的心与眼。我分不清它们的性别,更不甚清楚它们归属哪个"门派"。眼熟的几个叫着名字,剩下的含混着打个招呼,像人群中那些混个脸熟却不知名姓的人一样。在尘世间活得飞扬跋扈时,我去看草。它们平凡地生活着,宽容,谦让,和平友爱的样子,没有专制,也不自以为     

象鼩吉森遇上偷窥狂

在非洲的坦桑尼亚北部,有一片茂密的森林,名叫丹堵鲁。为了追踪一种名叫岩象鼩的小动物,生物学家格蕾丝已经在这片森林里待了几个星期。此刻的她,双膝跪地、鼻尖儿蹭着泥,正聚精会神地调试着微型摄影机。哈,调试完毕,我简直是天才!格蕾丝咧开嘴巴,得意地咯咯笑着,这下我一定能……哎呦,什么什么东西钻进了我的鼻子,痒、痒,啊——阿嚏!     

植物大熊猫——野生红豆杉

野生红豆杉,冰川世纪遗留下来的古老树种,以它顽强的生命力屹立在地球上已几百万年。在人类出现在这个星球以前,它就以红彤彤的红豆果,扮靓了地球的山间和密林。它树姿优美,枝繁叶茂,苍劲挺拔,一派生机盎然,令人敬畏。它果实鲜红,艳丽无比,圆如珍珠,寄托相思之情,令人爱怜。它全身是宝,强身健体,防癌抗癌,历史悠久,令人感动。     

Does Donglan lacquer tree belong to Rhus vernicifera species?

The lacquer trees in Donglan of Guangxi Province, China, were identified totally as the species Rhus succedanea found in Vietnam and Taiwan region, based on the results of pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), an easy and effective method to identify species of trees among those with similar properties. Analyses by IR and NMR, the drying properties, and conventional morphology also confirmed that the Donglan lacquer trees do not belong to Rhus vernicifera, like most trees of the China mainland. Some differences, however, such as the enzymatic activity and the components of the lacquer, were found between the Donglan lacquer and the Vietnam lacquer. The Donglan lacquer has a shorter drying time than the latter.     

Structure and molecular weight of Asian lacquer polysaccharides

Structural analysis of Asian lacquer polysaccharides in Vietnam, Myanmar, Cambodia, Taiwan, and Japan was carried out by a combination of chemical and physical methods, and then their structures were compared with that of a Chinese lacquer polysaccharide reported previously. It was found that the structure of polysaccharides in China and Japan, Taiwan and Vietnam, Myanmar and Cambodia, was similar to each other. The polysaccharides in Myanmar and Cambodia had larger amounts of -arabinose and -rhamnose than those in other Asian lacquer polysaccharides. In addition, the degradation process of lacquer polysaccharide was revealed for the first time by the time-course of GPC measurements of polysaccharide in Aizu, Japan. The results suggest that the molecular weight of polysaccharide in lacquer tree had around with narrow molecular weight distribution and then decreased gradually into two molecular weight fractions of and 23×10³ in the proportion of 25 and 75 mol% isolated after 3 weeks.     

Cytological Studies on Triploid Lacquer Tree

Rhus verniciflua Stokes is an economic tree endemic to China. In 1985, we discovered a natural triploid cultivar in the rich cultivar resources of Lacquer trees from Shaanxi province for the first time. The karyotypes of diploid and triploid lacquer trees are reported in this paper. They are K=2n=2x=30=14m+12sm+2st+2t; K=2n=3x=45=24m+15sm+3st+3t. 3t. By comparing the two karyotypes and studying chromosome pairing of the meiosis, it is proved that this triploid lacquer tree is a autotriploid.     

Studies on the Allergic Principle of Lacquer

A new six-membered α,β-unsaturated lactone, lacquer allergic lactone, was isolated from the nonphenolic portion of chinese lacquer. Based on the result of clinical test on human bodies, it was an allergenically active volatile compound. The structure of this lactone was identified by means of IR, MS, NMR and chemical reaction. The urushiols was not the unique allergic principle since the actone was isolated.     

A Novel Apremilast Nail Lacquer Formulation for the Treatment of Nail Psoriasis

The objective was to prepare a novel nail lacquer formulation to improve the ungual and trans-ungual delivery of apremilast for the potential treatment of nail psoriasis. Nail lacquer formulation was prepared using Eudragit® S 100 as a film-forming polymer and the mixture of ethanol, ethyl acetate, and water as a solvent system. As a result of high-throughput screening studies, dexpanthenol and salicylic acid were found to be the potential penetration enhancers. After 7 days of in vitro studies, the cumulative amount of apremilast delivered by the nail lacquer formulation across the nail plate was found to be ~3-fold (0.52 ± 0.07 μg/cm²) more compared to control (nail lacquer formulation without enhancers) (0.19 ± 0.02 μg/cm²). The cumulative amount of apremilast retained in the nail plate in the case of nail lacquer formulation was 1.26 ± 0.18 μg/mg which was found to be ~2-fold more compared to control (0.57 ± 0.07 μg/mg). Human subject studies were performed on the nails of thumb and index finger of six volunteers for 15 days. As a result, the cumulative amount of apremilast retained in the free distal edge of the nail plate in the case of nail lacquer was found to be ~2-fold (0.93 ± 0.14 μg/mg) more related to control (0.41 ± 0.04 μg/mg). As a conclusion, nail lacquer formulation was found to be capable of delivering a substantial amount of apremilast into the nail apparatus; thus, it can be a potential option for the treatment of nail psoriasis.     

高黎贡山地区民族植物学的研究Ⅰ.勒墨人

应用民族植物学的方法,对生活在云南西部高黎贡山东坡的勒墨人进行了调查。主要研究结果如下勒墨人对野生植物及环境有较大的依赖性;从 事刀耕火种轮歇栽培,并种植漆树(Toxicodendron vernicifiuum)和桤木(Alnus nepalensis)以促进轮歇地的休闲管理;栽培和管理漆树、收割生漆交换或出售,是勒墨人轮歇农业的一大特色;他们采集利用60余种野生食用植物和100余种药用植物,云黄连(Coptis teeta)和贝母(Fritillaria cirrhosa)等重要药材用于同外界进行物资交换;在对自然界的崇拜过程中,勒墨人对当地生物多样性的保护起到了积极的作用。     

Optimized Ciclopirox-Based Eudragit RLPO Nail Lacquer: Effect of Endopeptidase Enzyme as Permeation Enhancer on Transungual Drug Delivery and Efficiency Against Onychomycosis

The aims of our investigation were to develop and optimize ciclopirox (CPX) nail lacquer using nonbiodegradable Eudragit RLPO (E-RLPO) as a film former and to assess its penetration efficiency across the human nail plate. Preliminary trials such as hydration enhancement factor (HEF), a retained drug in the nail plate, and SEM were studied to select the optimized permeation enhancer to be incorporated in the optimized lacquer formulation. A 3³ full factorial design was built up to study the effect of three different factors, concentration of E-RLPO (10, 20, and 30%), Tween 80 (0.25, 0.5, and 1%), and triacetin (0, 10, and 30% of polymer weight). The studied responses were the drying time, water resistance, viscosity, and drug release up to 4 h. An ex vivo permeation study for the optimized formulations was carried out. The preliminary study aided the selection of 5% papain (endopeptidase enzyme) as a penetration enhancer; it showed the highest HEF of 15.27%, the highest amount of drug retained in the nail plate (886.2 μg/g). An ex vivo permeation study guided the selection of F4B (flux value of 3.79 μg/cm²/h) as optimized formulation. The optimized lacquer formula showed threefold increases in the permeation than the marketed CPX lacquer (Batrafen®). Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed the higher intensity of the Rhodamine B dye across the nail plate in the case of the formula containing papain than the marketed formula without papain. Conclusively, an efficient and stable nail lacquer was developed for potential transungual delivery of CPX to target the drug to the nail bed and ensure efficiency against onychomycosis.     

漆树胚,胚乳发育及花果生长的相关性研究

漆树为倒生胚珠,双珠被,厚珠心,具承珠盘及拟珠孔塞,胚囊发育为蓼型,核型胚乳,胚发育为柳叶菜型,后历经棒状形胚、心形胚、鱼雷形胚和成熟胚各期。花和果实生长与胚及胚乳发育有密切的相关性,胚内具原始的乳汁道系统为重要特征。一些胚珠内无胚或胚乳早期退化引起胚败育是造成种子空籽原因之一。     

Seasonal variations in yields of Hwangchil lacquer and major sesquiterpene compounds from selected superior individuals of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Dendropanax morbifera</Emphasis> Lév.

We studied fluctuations in the production of Hwangchil lacquer and major essential oils byDendropanax morbifera Lev. Considerable seasonal as well as intraspecific (individual-tree) variations were observed. Yields of Hwangchil lacquer as well as ß-elemene, α-selinene, ß-selinene, germacrene D, and δ-cadinene also depended on harvesting time, with levels being generally higher in July and August.