心源性猝死者窦房结病理学观察和HCN4、CX45的表达及其意义

目的:研究心源性猝死者窦房结病理学改变和超级化激活环核苷酸门控阳离子通道基因4(HCN4)、缝隙连接蛋白45(Cx45)的表达.方法:实验组为21例心源性猝死者,对照组18例(交通事故损伤致死9例,心脏破裂4例,肝破裂3例,脾破裂2例).经HE染色观察窦房结的形态学变化;应用免疫组化检测HCN4和Cx45在窦房结的表达.结果:心源性猝死组HCN4的表达高于对照组(P＜0.05),心源性猝死者窦房结Cx45的表达明显低于对照组(P＜0.01).结论:窦房结病理改变是引起心源性猝死的重要原因之一,HCN4表达的增高和Cx45表达的减少与心源性猝死的发生有一定的相关性.     

QRS、QT、QTc及LVEF预测心源性猝死的价值分析

摘要 目的：探讨QRS时限值（QRS）、QT间期延长（QT）、QTc间期（QTc）及左室射血分数（LVEF）预测心源性猝死的价值分析。方法：选择2018年1月至2019年12月川北医学院附属医院心血管内科治疗的356例心源性猝死患者进行研究,设为病例组,并选择同期体检的健康人200例作为对照组,分析QRS、QT、QTc及LVEF水平变化情况及其预测价值。结果：病例组QRS、QTc水平显著高于对照组,QT、LVEF水平显著低于对照组,差异显著（P＜0.05）;轻度QRS、QTc显著低于中度、重度患者,QT、LVEF水平显著高于中度、重度患者;中度患者QRS、QTc显著低于重度患者,QT、LVEF水平显著高于重度患者,差异显著（P＜0.05）;ROC结果显示,QRS预测心源性猝死的AUC为0.989,灵敏度△为84.59%,特异度为87.68%,截断值为115.59ms;QT预测心源性猝死的AUC为0.944,灵敏度85.12%,特异度为88.45%,截断值为21.69ms;QTc预测心源性猝死的AUC为0.984,灵敏度为86.05%,特异度为88.61%,截断值为416.39ms,LVEF预测心源性猝死的AUC为0.997,灵敏度87.15%,特异度为89.05%,截断值为45.63%,（P＜0.05）。结论：QRS、QT、QTc及LVEF在心源性猝死患者中检查,可显著提高心源性猝死临床诊断效能。     

心源性猝死心电预测和综合防治研究进展

随着社会老龄化的进一步加剧,冠心痛、高血压、心肌病、恶性心律失常的发病率也成为导致人群中猝死率上升的重要诱发因素.对猝死发病机制的研究中,室性心动过速和室颤往往是导致病人发生猝死的最主要的终末事件.在这篇文章中我们通过12导联心电图(ECG)的心电学预测因子的研究,揭示心电学预测因子在预防心源性猝死中的临床应用价值.另一方面,如何能提高预防猝死的预测因子的敏感性和特异性,发现新的更有临床应用价值的心电学预测因子,更好的防治猝死对社会人群的危害,成为临床研究中不断探寻的答案.最后,我们将近年来对心源性猝死的防治措施及未来的发展方向做一简要的综述.     

心源性猝死患者心肌CX43和C-JUN表达及意义

目的:探讨心源性猝死者心肌细胞中连接蛋白(connexin CX)CX43和原癌基因蛋白(C-JUN)的表达及意义.方法:从2008-2011年青岛市市立医院病理科现有的蜡块中选取心性猝死者40例.其中冠心病22例,肺动脉栓塞10例,病毒性心肌炎5例,扩张性心肌病3例,选取因交通事故、外伤等死亡的病例10例作为对照组.应用免疫组织化学的方法分别检测各组病例中心室肌细胞中C-JUN和CX43蛋白的表达.结果:心源性猝死(SCD)组中心肌细胞中C-JUN的表达明显高于对照组(P＜0.01).而心性猝死组中CX43的表达却低于对照组.SCD组中心肌细胞中C-JUN与CX43的表达正相关(r=0.315,P=0.022).结论:SCD患者心肌细胞中CX43表达和分布异常,结构的重塑导致了致死性心律失常的反生,SCD患者心肌中C-JUN高表达,且与CX43蛋白的表达呈正相关,提示二者可能共同参与了SCD的发生发展,不仅可以用于临床相应药物的研发,还可能称为法医学上对SCD的鉴别提供辅助指标.     

同济医学院发现可能导致中国人猝死的基因突变点

华中科技大学同济医学院新近发现可能导致中国人心源性猝死的两个基因突变点 ,这为我国心源性猝死疾病的预防和基因治疗带来了希望。心源性猝死是由于心脏疾病原因突然诱发恶性心律失常 ,从而导致病人突然死亡。此病在病发前常无预兆 ,临床各种心脏病症的检查也大多正常 ,因此 ,给该病的防治工作带来了很大的困难。仅我国每年因心源性疾病死亡的病人就达到上百万。目前各国科学家开始从基因水平上来寻找预防和治疗该病的手段。引发心源性猝死的重要原因是心肌复极延长综合征。对这一类患者进行常规遗传背景病症研究 ,发现该病与患者体内的 6…     

Nd:YAG激光洗眉、洗眼线1231例临床小结

采用Q开关Nd:YAG激光治疗失败文眉、文眼线1231例,取得良好疗效,无瘢痕等任何后遗症.403例洗眼线者,均为黑色文饰.其中144例经一次治疗达到1级效果,占总数35.75%;828例洗眉者,经1至3次以上治疗,817例达1级效果,占总数98.67%;2级效果9例,占总数1.09%;未继续治疗2例.     

输卵管通水术268例临床分析

目的:探讨输卵管炎性不孕症通水试验的诊断及治疗的临床意义。方法:回顾分析对268例输卵管炎性不孕患者行输卵管通水术后的疗效。结果:来我院进行通水试验治疗的268例输卵管炎性不孕症患者,其中原发性不孕症67例,占发病总数的25%;继发性不孕201例,占75%。经通水反复局部药物治疗,严重者加全身治疗后,输卵管完全通畅者244例,成功率91.04%,术后随访宫内妊娠238例,有效治愈率达88.81%;发生异位妊娠3例,占1.12%。仅有24例经通水治疗无效后行输卵管碘油造影,术后宫内妊娠4例。输卵管通水治疗当月受孕占14.2%。结论:输卵管通水术是诊断和治疗输卵管炎性不孕症的有效方法,早期性生活是否有利于输卵管功能的恢复,有待进一步探讨。     

不同部位梗死后痴呆的脑电图表现差异分析

目的:探讨不同部位脑梗死导致血管性痴呆的脑电图表现差异,为血管性痴呆的诊断分类提供客观依据。方法:80例诊断血管性痴呆的患者根据影像学表现分为多灶梗死后痴呆和关键部位梗死后痴呆。入选患者均于饱餐后2小时给予常规18导脑电图检查,记录时间为30分钟以上。结果:1多灶梗死后痴呆多表现为α节律减慢,6-8Hz为主;波幅低,以20-25Uv为主,α波频率调节差、节律不规则。低波幅θ波出现者27例,占71.1%,出现于各导联,出现δ波者17例,占44.7%。2关键部位梗死后痴呆的患者中,正常为6例,占13%。异常者39例,占87%。EEG改变主要表现为α指数减少,节律以7-9Hz为主的患者28例,占71.8%。低波幅θ波出现者17例,以前额为主,占43.6%。39例患者未出现δ波。结论:不同部位梗死后血管性痴呆的脑电图表现不尽相同,可以为血管性痴呆的分类诊断提供客观依据。     

心脏性猝死者心肌HO-1和VEGF的表达及意义

目的：探讨血红素加氧酶-1（heme oxygenase-1,HO-1）、血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF）在心脏性猝死病人心室肌细胞中的表达及其意义。方法：运用免疫组织化学方法和Simple PCI图像分析系统观察33例心脏性猝死组和18例非心脏性猝死对照组尸检心肌组织中HO-1、VEGF蛋白的表达情况。结果：心脏性猝死组心肌组织HO-1（155.090±8.957）和VEGF蛋白表达（121.020±10.927）均显著高于非心脏性猝死对照组（116.200±6.355、84.207±4.402,均p〈0.05）。结论：HO-1和VEGF蛋白在心脏性猝死者心肌组织表达增强,可能与心脏性猝死有一定关系。     

890例疑似细菌性阴道病患者阴道分泌物检测结果与分析

目的探讨BV三项检测法在阴道感染诊断中的价值。方法对890例阴道分泌物进行常规检查和BV三项检测。结果 890例疑似细菌性阴道病患者中,BV三项检测法检出BV患者772例(占总数的86.74%),常规镜检(Am sel标准法)检出BV患者763例(占总数的85.73%),二者的符合率为93.40%,具有中度一致性(Kappa=0.746,P0.05)。890例疑似细菌性阴道病患者中,BV合并VVC感染患者129例(占总数的14.49%),BV合并TV感染患者41例(占总数的4.61%),混合感染(BV+VVC、BV+TV)的发病率达到了19.10%(170/890)。结论 BV三项检测法不仅可初筛混合感染,而且与Am sel标准法在诊断BV方面具有较高的一致性,该检测方法快速准确,适宜临床推广与应用。     

Rationale and design of the CAREFUL study

Background. Sudden cardiac death (SCD) in the young (1-45 years) is a strong risk factor for the presence of inherited cardiac diseases in surviving first-degree relatives. Postmortem investigation of the victim and cardiogenetic evaluation of the first-degree relatives is indicated to detect inherited cardiac diseases and treat relatives at an early stage to prevent SCD. In the Netherlands, postmortem investigation is often not performed and relatives of SCD and sudden unexplained death (SUD) victims are rarely evaluated for inherited cardiac diseases. Methods. A prospective population-based follow-up study carried out in two intervention regions and two control regions. In the intervention regions a comprehensive intervention (stimulate autopsy and storage of victims DNA and the referral of first-degree relatives for cardiogenetic evaluation) is applied in a ‘top down’ and ‘bottom up’ mode. In each region, young sudden death victims are registered and for all cases performance of autopsy and evaluation of relatives in a cardiogenetics outpatient clinic will be determined. Expected results. The study will provide information on the incidence of sudden death in the young and the proportion of diagnosed inherited cardiac diseases. Moreover, the additional value of the introduction of two different preventive strategies directed at early detection of inherited cardiac diseases in first-degree relatives to usual care will be evaluated. Conclusion. The CAREFUL study will help to set a new standard of care in the evaluation of young sudden death victims and their relatives to identify the presence of inherited cardiac diseases, in order to prevent sudden death. (Neth Heart J 2010;18:286-90.)     

Microbiology in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and other childhood deaths

The usefulness of post-mortem microbiology in the assessment of sudden unexpected deaths in infants and children has been debated by many pathologists. In our centre, microbiological investigations have been part of the post-mortem protocol for investigation of sudden deaths in infants and children for the past 12 years. The objective of this study was to review the microbiological findings for infants and children examined by our unit during the past 4 years in relation to gross and histological findings of the autopsy and the medical and social histories of the children. We reviewed 57 consecutive sudden deaths in infants and children examined by our Referral Centre between November 1994 and October 1998. These 57 sudden deaths were aged from 1 day to 4 years and 9 months including 40 cases of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and 17 non-SIDS deaths. Results of the microbiological investigations of tissues and body fluids were assessed during the case review with reference to histological shock signs, severe gastric aspiration, and signs of acute thymic involution. Bacteria alone or in association with viruses were identified in 45/57 (79%) cases including 34/40 (85%) SIDS. The most frequent bacterial isolate was Escherichia coli (27), and the virus identified most frequently was enterovirus (8). C-reactive protein was increased in 10 out of the 42 cases tested including 8/32 (25%) SIDS. Significant gastric content aspiration was found in 17/57 (29.8%) including 13/40 (32.5%) SIDS. Histological signs of shock were present in 33/55 (60%) cases including 22/39 SIDS (56.4%). The microbiological findings were positive for 27/33 (81.8%). We conclude that post-mortem microbiology is essential in sudden death investigation. The conclusion that a death is unexplained if no microbiology was done is not valid, even if in some cases it may be difficult to know precisely in what way the pathogen contributed to the death.     

Community study of the causes of "natural" sudden death.

Three hundred and fifty cases of "natural" sudden death within six hours of onset of symptoms in people ranging in age from 18 to 69 years in Wandsworth were studied using a detailed necropsy protocol to determine the cause of death. Sudden death occurred in 28 (8%) Asians and blacks, but because of the small number they were excluded from the study, leaving 322 cases. Ischaemic heart disease accounted for 189 (59%) of the 322 sudden deaths (155 (65%) men; 34 (41%) women) and no proportional increase in instantaneous compared with non-instantaneous sudden death was found. Non-ischaemic cardiac disease was the cause of sudden death in 24 cases (7.5%). Non-cardiac disease included pulmonary emboli, aortic aneurysms, and intracerebral haemorrhage and caused 89 (27.6%) deaths. Alcohol was the cause of nine deaths (2.8%) and in 11 (3.4%) cases (six men and five women) no cause of death was found. This study shows that although ischaemic heart disease is the single largest cause of sudden natural death there are other major causes.     

除颤时间与心脏性猝死除颤复苏成功率的相关性分析

目的:研究除颤时间与心脏性猝死患者除颤复苏成功率的相关性。方法:选取2015年2月至2017年6月于我院接受除颤复苏治疗的心脏性猝死患者120例为研究对象。分析除颤时间与除颤复苏成功以及心功能舒张早期充盈峰速度(E峰)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)以及E/舒张晚期充盈峰速度(A)水平的相关性。结果:电除颤时间2 min患者的复苏成功率为60.00%(21/35),显著高于电除颤时间2~5 min、5~10 min以及10 min患者的34.21%(13/38)、11.11%(3/27)、0.00%(0/20),而电除颤时间2~5 min患者的复苏成功率又显著高于电除颤时间5~10 min患者,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。电除颤时间2 min、2~5 min、5~10 min以及10 min患者的E峰、LVEF、LVEDD以及E/A水平呈逐渐下降趋势,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示心脏性猝死患者除颤时间与除颤复苏成功率、E峰、LVEF、LVEDD以及E/A均呈负相关关系(r=-0.593,P=0.000;r=-0.476,P=0.001;r=-0.523,P=0.000;r=-0.502,P=0.000;r=-0.469,P=0.001)。结论:除颤时间与心脏性猝死患者除颤复苏成功率呈负相关关系,即除颤时间越早,患者复苏成功率越高。     

Physical activity and sudden cardiac death in elders--a Croatian study

The paper deals with the sudden cardiac death in elders due to physical activity in Croatia and to compare it to other population groups who practice physical activity. The data are a part of a retrospective study dealing with 59 sudden death due to physical activity in men in Croatia: from January 1, 1988 to December 31, 2008. Fifteen aged 65 to 82 years were recreationally engaged in physical activity: six in swimming, four in tennis, one in driving a bicycle, one in jogging, two in bowling and one died during sexual act. Only one had symptoms of pectoral angina, two suffered from arterial hypertension, and two had congestive heart failure. Eleven were without symptoms before exercise. At forensic autopsy, fourteen had coronary heart disease, seven had critical coronary artery stenosis, three had occluded left descendens anterior coronary artery and four critical coronary stenosis, four had a recent myocardial infarctions, and eleven had myocardial scars due to previous myocardial infarctions. Twelve of them had left ventricular hypertrophy: 15-25 mm. In Croatia, about 7per cent of the entire male population undertake recreational physical activity, while 13 per cent of them are elders. A sudden cardiac death due to recreational physical activity in elders reached 1.71/100 000 yearly, in the entire male population engaged in recreational physical exercise: 0.75/100 000 (p = 0.05730), in the total male population aged 15-40 engaged in sports and recreational physical exercise: 0.57/100.0000 (p = 0.00387), in young athletes: 0.15/100 000 (p = 0.00000). Medical examination of all elderly persons has to be done before starting of recreational physical activity: by clinical examination, searching for risk factors for atherosclerosis, performing ECG at rest, stress ECG, and echocardiography and to repeat the medical examination at least once a year Physical activity should start with a warm-up period and with a gradually increasing load, and usually not to exceed 6-7 metabolic equivalents (METs).     

Cardiovascular causes of sudden unexpected death in children and adolescents (0–17 years)

Background

Little is known about the causes of unexpected death in minors (0–17 years). In young adults an important cause is cardiovascular disease, with primary arrhythmogenic disorders, atherosclerotic events, cardiomyopathies and myocarditis as main contributors. The aim of this autopsy study was to determine the contribution of cardiovascular disease to unexpected death in minors.

Methods and results

In the Netherlands, systematic investigation of all cases of unexplained death in minors was compulsory in a nationwide governmental project during a 15-month period. Autopsies were performed according to a standardised protocol (autopsy rate 85%). A cardiovascular cause of death was found in 13/56 cases (23%). In the group <1 year, the main cardiovascular causes were various congenital defects (n?=?3) and myocarditis (n?=?2). In the 1–9 year group, no cardiovascular causes were found. In the 10–14 year group, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (n?=?1) and ruptured ascending aortic aneurysm (n?=?1) were among the observed cardiovascular causes. In 14/56 (25%) cases autopsy revealed no structural abnormalities that could explain the sudden death, mostly in the group <1 year.

Conclusion

This national cohort with a high autopsy rate reveals a high incidence (23%) of cardiovascular diseases as the pathological substrate of sudden unexpected death in children. Another high percentage of minors (25%) showed no structural abnormalities, with the possibility of a genetic arrhythmia. These findings underline the importance of systematic autopsy in sudden death in minors, with implications for cardiogenetic screening of relatives.

     

Coronary atherosclerosis in sudden death: a comparative study applying an atherometric system

Coronary arteries affected by atherosclerosis and its myocardial related damage in cardiac and non-cardiac sudden death subjects (152 and 98, respectively) including a low atherosclerosis group (250 subjects) were studied in autopsy material applying a new well standardized atherometric system. A high statistical significance of all variables of this system was found between the groups studied.