阿维菌素与植物精油复配对朱砂叶螨杀螨的增效作用研究

为了得到对朱砂叶螨(Tetranychuscinnabarinus)具有较好杀螨活性的植物精油与阿维菌素复配配方,并为杀螨剂开发应用提供指导,本研究采用喷雾法测定了柠檬草、广藿香、山鸡椒、亚洲薄荷植物精油及阿维菌素对朱砂叶螨的毒力,分别采用共毒因子法和共毒系数法评价了山鸡椒和亚洲薄荷精油对阿维菌素的增效作用和复配最佳配比.结果表明,柠檬草精油和广藿香精油基本无杀螨活性,山鸡椒精油、亚洲薄荷精油处理朱砂叶螨24h后LC50分别为772.801mg/L和1040.187mg/L.阿维菌素与亚洲薄荷1∶272,1∶679复配具有增效作用.阿维菌素与亚洲薄荷1∶400复配时共毒系数最大,可达160.因此,阿维菌素与亚洲薄荷1∶400复配防治朱砂叶螨具有明显增效作用,这为杀螨剂的开发应用研究提供了参考.     

牛心朴子与苦豆子两种提取物复配对小菜蛾幼虫的联合毒力作用

以牛心朴子和苦豆子为供试植物,小菜蛾幼虫为供试试虫,采用浸渍法测定了两种植物提取物复配后对小菜蛾幼虫的联合毒力。结果表明:牛心朴子与苦豆子提取物复配后具有增效作用,其中以干粉质量比为2∶1时增效作用最显著,其共毒系数(CTC)为248.30。复配物对小菜蛾幼虫具有显著的触杀活性,质量浓度为20.00 mg/mL时,72 h校正死亡率可以达到100%,致死中浓度LC50=2.0747 mg/mL。     

数学模型在二元复配杀螨剂最优配比筛选中的应用

采用共毒系数法对复配剂的最优配比进行筛选可能会造成真正最优配比的漏筛,且工作量很大,具有局限性.以朱砂叶螨为试虫,分别对甲氰菊酯、阿维菌素、氯氰菊酯、三氯杀螨醇、氧化乐果、甲氰·阿维、氯氰·三杀和氧乐·甲氰进行毒力测定并对复配剂共毒系数Y进行计算.将甲氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯和氧化乐果在各自复配剂有效成分中的质量分数k进行反正弦转换(X=arcsin(k)1/2),通过SPSS软件拟合k反正弦转换值与共毒系数的数学模型.甲氰·阿维、氯氰·三杀和氧乐·甲氰的数学模型为Y1=-30179.08 769.24 X1-4.8472 X21;Y2=-251.53 32.34 X2-0.6858 X22;Y3=-7066.96 266.06 X3-2.4267 X23.对上述的3个方程进行求导可得:Y1'=769.24-9.6944 X1;Y2'=32.34-1.3716 X2;Y3'=266.06-4.8534 X3.令Y'=0,则有X1=79.34;X2=23.58;X3=54.82.将X1、X2和X3值分别代入各自的方程可以求得甲氰·阿维、氯氰·三杀和氧乐·甲氰复配剂的最大共毒系数分别为340.09、129.71和225.65,将X1、X2和X3值代入X=arcsin(K)1/2中可以求得各单剂在复配剂有效成分中的质量分数k值,根据k值可以求得:甲氰菊酯和阿维菌素的最优配比为28:1;辛硫磷和啶虫脒的最优配比为1:5.25;三唑磷和杀虫单最优配比为2:1.     

三唑磷的杀螨活性及其与水胺硫磷复配的增效作用

三唑磷和水胺硫磷以及它们的复配制剂对拈全瓜啭进行室内毒力测定,表明三唑磷的毒力明显大于水胺硫磷,两种药剂的各种复配均对枯全爪螨存在着不同程度的增效作用,其中以三唑磷和水胺硫磷按1：4的比例复配增效作用最为明显,共毒系数达到258。田间药效试验也表明,30%的混剂乳油(6％三唑磷 24％水胺硫磷)1000倍液的药技明显高于40%的水胺硫磷1000倍液乳油,而与20％的三唑磷乳油1000倍液相当。     

传染性法氏囊病病毒野毒株的致病性及其vp2基因比较

对4个IBDV野毒株的致病性和它们的vp2基因高变区序列同时做了比较分析。结果表明,4个IBDV毒株在致病性程度上存在较大差异。其中有一个是真正的超强毒,即GX8／99,其他几个虽然达不到真正超强毒的毒力,但也比经典的标准毒的致死性高得多。在vp2基因高变区,这4个IBDV野毒株与超强毒参考株HK46同源性很高,在DNA水平为96．8％～99．5％,在氨基酸(aa)水平为96．6％～100％o而与疫苗毒D78有很大差异,分别只有91．7％～93．6％和91．8％～93．2％。说明IBDV毒株的vp2基因高变区确实与其致病性有一定关系。特别是SD-1／97、SD-3／98、JS-30／99株之间及其与HK46在DNA和aa水平的同源性高达98．4％和98．6％以上,SD-3／99、JS-30／99株之间及其与HK46的氨基酸同源性为100％。然而,致病性特别高的GX8／99株病毒与其他3个野毒株及HK46在DNA和氨基酸水平的同源性相对较低,在DNA和aa水平的同源性只有96．8％～9712％和96．6％～97．9％。相对于国内的流行毒株和香港超强毒参考株HK46,GX8／99株在致病性和VP2高变区都已发生了一定的变异。     

获取复配农药最佳增效配方的一种简易方法

借鉴共毒因子法评价农药复配联合作用的思想,将参与复配的单剂引起25％死亡率的剂量定为零水平,利用二次回归通用旋转组合设计安排实验研究氯氰菊酯和喹硫磷复配对斜纹夜蛾（Spodoptera litura）2龄幼虫的增效作用,得出杀虫剂使用量与斜纹夜蛾幼虫死亡率机率值之间的关系,从共毒系数（CTC）的计算公式推导出共毒系数与杀虫混剂中两单剂使用浓度N1、N2之间的数学关系,CTC＝100／N1／α N2/b（α、b分别为氯氰菊酯和喹硫磷的LC50）,进而确定最优化问题的目标函数j=N1/α＋N2／b,利用国际统计分析软件SAS的NLP过程求最大共毒系数和最优配方,所得结论与共毒系数法一致。     

丝瓜姜汁鱼蛋白豆腐的研制

以丝瓜、生姜、鲤鱼、黑豆和黄豆为主要原料,研制丝瓜姜汁鱼蛋白豆腐,主要研究了黑豆和黄豆的复配比例、丝瓜姜汁的最佳风味复配比例及用量、复合凝固剂的复配比例及用量、鱼肉的用量、点脑温度对丝瓜姜汁鱼蛋白豆腐性能的影响。结果表明:黑豆和黄豆的复配比例为黑豆:黄豆(以干豆质量计)=2:9;丝瓜姜汁的最佳风味复配质量（g）比为丝瓜泥:姜汁=5:2;复合凝固剂的复配质量（g）比例为硫酸钙:葡萄糖酸内酯=1:2。通过正交试验确定了丝瓜姜汁鱼蛋白豆腐的最佳配方:以干豆质量(g)计,丝瓜姜汁的添加量为89％,鱼肉的添加量为2％,复合凝固剂的添加量为2.2％,点脑温度为80℃。     

敌敌畏杀虫剂防治室内害虫的效用

一、敌敌畏的杀虫特点 敌敌畏具有很高的熏杀、接触和胃毒作用,如以对家蝇为例,一般敌百虫对家蝇的毒效是相当高的,但敌敌畏比敌百虫对家蝇的毒效还要高得多。作者用天津农药厂生产的90％敌敌畏原油进行了下列毒性试验。 (一)胃毒毒性 用5％的糖水配成不同浓度的敌敌畏和敌百虫溶液,饲喂已经饥饿的家蝇,以便求出其最低致死浓度。 试验结果,敌敌畏对家蝇的胃毒最低致死浓度为千万分之一;敌百虫为百万分之一。 (二)接触毒性 用点滴法比较了敌敌畏、地亚农、乐果、敌百虫和马拉松等五种农药的毒性,其结果见表1。     

柿叶和桔皮提取物的体外协同抑菌效果研究

用柿叶和桔皮乙醇提取物进行复配实验,采用滤纸片法测定复配液对大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果。采用二倍稀释法测定复配液对三种供试菌株的最小抑菌浓度,并测定温度、p H和紫外线照射对复配液稳定性的影响。结果表明,柿叶和桔皮醇提物对三种供试菌种均具有良好的抑制作用,两种醇提物的不同质量比例复配液的体外抑菌效果表现为协同,复配液的最佳质量配比为2∶3。复配液(2∶3)对三种供试菌种最低抑制浓度分别为6.25、6.25和12.50 mg/m L,在20~80℃,p H为5~9时具有很好的稳定性,对紫外线照射比较敏感。     

蓖麻粗毒的获取及草原灭鼠的应用研究

本研究修改了蓖麻脱脂方法,获取蓖麻种子的粗毒,进而研究了粗毒的灭鼠功效。蓖麻粗毒对小鼠灌胃实验测得LD50为11．494mg／kg。实验室有毒饵料饲喂小鼠结果显示,小鼠对蓖麻粗毒混合饵料无明显拒食现象。野外实验结果显示,粗毒饵料对高原鼠兔的灭洞率在81．6％到90．1％之间。研究结果表明蓖麻粗毒具有很好的应用于生物防治的潜力。     

Effect of insulin on the myocardium of the active, hibernating and wakening ground squirrel Citellus undulatus

The effect of insulin (0.1-100 nM) on isometric force of contraction in isolated ground squirrel papillary muscle was investigated. In summer, autumn and winter active animals, insulin had a negative inotropic effect on papillary muscles, decreasing the amplitude of contraction by about 30% of the control value. In some cases, predominantly in the summer group of animals, insulin produced different effects on contractility: low doses (0.1-0.5 nM) caused a transient activation of isometric contraction by about 10-15% of control, whereas high doses produced a negative inotropic effect by about 30% of the control level. During deep hibernation (at 5-6 degrees C of heart temperature) and during arousal from hibernation (from 3 to 20 degrees C), insulin had no significant effect on contractility. Opposite inotropic effects of insulin at concentrations of 0.1-50 nM were found during arousal: from 26 to 31 degrees C of heart temperature--a positive inotropic effect by about 20-25% of control, and from 32 to 36 degrees C--a negative one by about 30-40% of the control value.     

Tetrodotoxin blocks mechanical response in mammalian muscle in the presence of tetrodotoxin-resistant action potentials

The effect of tetrodotoxin (TTX) (10(-5)-10(-6)M) on the mechanical activity and on the action potential of innervated and denervated muscle of the rat was studied. The twitch tension was reduced to 10 % of the control values within 20 min of TTX 10(-6) introduction. This effect was reversible. The mean twitch tension in the presence of 10(-6)M TTX expressed as a percentage of control was 9.3 +/- 2.4 (SEM) for innervated muscle and 10.9 +/- 2.5 for denervated muscle. The dose-effect twitch relation for denervated muscles was not significantly different from that observed in control innervated muscles in the 10(-3)-10(-6) TTX range. Action potentials of innervated muscles could not be elicited in 10(-6)M TTX. In the presence of this (TTX) fibers of chronically denervated muscles consistently responded to stimulation with action potentials which were slower and smaller but still with overshoot, contrasting with fibrillation potentials that had been described to be blocked by TTX.     

Influence of supplemental dietary sprouted wheat on reproduction in artificially inseminated doe rabbits

The sprouted wheat contains great amounts of 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone (6-MBOA) a phenol compound that stimulates reproduction in certain small wild herbivorous mammals. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of dietary sprouted wheat as supplement on reproduction in artificially inseminated doe rabbits. Two-month-old New Zealand White doe rabbits (n = 48) were randomly allocated to one of two treatments: (1) pelleted diet plus sprouted wheat for 6 consecutive days prior to service, (2) pelleted diet only (control). First insemination occurred when does reach 3200g body weight and bred 6 days after parturition across 6 months period during summer and autumn. Records from 41 does completing the experiment accounted for 192 inseminations and 142 kindlings equivalent to 4.6 +/- 0.15 and 3.5 +/- 0.15 litters per doe, respectively. Mean daily intake of sprouted wheat on wet and dry matter bases were 196.1 +/- 7.5 and 75.4 +/- 2.9g, respectively. The number of young born produced per doe during the trail was significantly (P = 0.02) greater in does fed sprouted wheat (28.1 +/- 1.2 versus 23.6 +/ -1.3 control). Does fed sprouted wheat had 0.65 +/- 0.06 receptivity rate at AI over 28 per cent greater (P = 0.001) than does in the control treatment. Sexual receptivity was not influenced by physiological status of does and season (P > 0.05). Diet and season had no effect (P>0.05) on kindling rate. However, physiological status had an effect (P = 0.002) on this variable. Kindling rates for nulliparous, lactating and non-lactating does were 0.95 +/- 0.08, 0.63 +/- 0.04 and 0.78 +/ -0.11, respectively. Sexually receptive does had a greater (P = 0.0001) kindling rate (0.95 +/- 0.05) than non-receptive females (0.63 +/-0.05). Does fed sprouted wheat produced larger (P = 0.02) litters than those in the control group: 7.7 +/- 0.30 and 6.8 +/- 0.32, respectively. There was an effect of season (P = 0.04) on the size of the litter at birth. Largest litters were born during autumn (7.9 +/- 0.37) than during summer (6.6 +/- 0.41). Receptive does had more (P = 0.002) young in the litter (7.9 +/- 0.28) than non-receptive (6.6 +/- 0.35). Feeding sprouted wheat as a source of biological 6-MBOA enhanced sexual receptivity and prolificacy in artificially inseminated doe rabbits bred in summer and autumn.     

Effect of prematuration, meiosis activating sterol and enriched maturation medium on the nuclear maturation and competence to development of calf oocytes

New strategies were proposed to improve the developmental competence of calf oocytes through in vitro technologies. Cumulus-oocyte complexes were first prematured for 24 h in the presence of meiosis inhibitors. Both Roscovitine alone (50 microM) or in combination with Butyrolactone-I (12.5 microM Rosco+6.25 microM BL-I) prevented the progression of meiosis. Their effect on nuclear maturation was reversible after a further 17 or 24 h maturation step. However, a dramatic decrease in embryo development was observed after fertilization (abattoir oocytes: 4-9% blastocyst rate versus 14-17% for control embryos). Similar results were obtained with oocytes collected by Ovum Pick Up from living donors. No pregnancy was obtained after single transfer of two blastocysts obtained from prematured oocytes (0/2 versus 4/12 for control embryos). Adding low concentrations (1, 3 or 10 microM) of follicular fluid-meiosis activating sterol (FF-MAS) during the maturation step had a beneficial effect on nuclear maturation (73-86% metaphase II versus 58% for control oocytes). However, subsequent embryo development was not improved. Enriching the maturation medium, namely with hormones, growth factors and precursors of glutathione, induced a sixfold increase in glutathione in the oocyte and had a beneficial effect on embryo development (38% increase in blastocyst rate). In conclusion, in opposition to the results reported with adult oocytes, prematuring calf oocytes had a negative impact on their developmental potential. Although FF-MAS improved nuclear maturation, its addition in the maturation medium did not increase embryo development. However, enriching the maturation medium had a positive effect on embryo development, indicating that cytoplasmic maturation was improved.     

Pharmacological actions of 17 beta-oestradiol on articular cartilage chondrocytes and chondrosarcoma chondrocytes in the absence of oestrogen receptors

(1) Pharmacological concentrations (greater than 10(-5) M) of 17 beta-oestradiol inhibited 35S-labelled proteoglycan synthesis in bovine articular cartilage explant cultures. They also inhibited 35S-labelled proteoglycan synthesis and 3H-labelled protein synthesis in cell cultures of chondrocytes from bovine articular cartilage and Swarm rat chondrosarcoma. Maximal inhibition was about 30-50%. Physiological concentrations (10(-9)-10(-8) M) of oestradiol had no effect on the synthesis of either protein or proteoglycan. (2) The inhibitory action of high concentrations of oestradiol on these biosynthetic pathways is not common to all steroids since 10(-4) M cortisol had no effect on articular chondrocyte cell cultures. 10(-4) M testosterone had a similar action to oestradiol. (3) Neither physiological nor pharmacological concentrations of 17 beta-oestradiol had any effect on 35S-labelled proteoglycan turnover in the cartilage explant system. (4) 10(-5) M oestradiol inhibited cell division in cultures of articular chondrocytes which had entered the log growth phase. 10(-7) M oestradiol had no effect on articular chondrocyte growth. (5) In male rats implanted with silastic capsules releasing 17 beta-oestradiol, increase in body weight was retarded by about 25% over a period of 6 weeks, compared to control rats. Rat chondrosarcoma grew to the same size in oestrogen-treated rats as it did in controls. (6) Oestrogen receptors could not be detected in freshly isolated bovine articular chondrocytes or in rat chondrosarcoma. (7) In conclusion, neither the mitotic rate of articular chondrocytes nor their proteoglycan metabolism is under the direct physiological control of oestradiol. Growth and biosynthetic activity of the rat chondrosarcoma chondrocytes are independent of either direct control by the hormone or control effected by oestradiol regulation of a second hormone or growth factor.     

苹果渣乙醇提取物抗菌活性及防腐作用研究

为提高苹果渣资源利用率,探究苹果渣乙醇提取物的抗菌活性和防腐性能,该文采用微波辅助提取法制取苹果渣乙醇提取物,用抑菌圈实验测定其抗菌活性,并研究了其防腐作用。结果表明:(1)苹果渣乙醇提取物对酵母菌抑制作用不明显(抑菌圈直径<1 mm),对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌作用较明显(抑菌圈直径为6～9 mm),最佳抑菌浓度为4.0 g·L^-1。(2)pH值和盐浓度对其抑菌效果有影响,pH值为6～7,盐浓度为5.0 g·L^-1,抑菌效果最好。(3)对百香果有较好的保鲜防腐效果,最佳使用浓度为0.2%。在该浓度下贮藏后的百香果腐烂率为6.7%(对照组为67%),失重率为5.5%(对照组为36.3%),可溶性固形物、总酸含量均与贮藏前差异不显著(P> 0.05)(对照组P< 0.05),且果实较饱满,硬度较高,鲜艳有光泽,酸甜适中。综上所述,苹果渣乙醇提取物对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有良好的抑制作用,对百香果的保鲜防腐效果佳,可应用到天然食品的保鲜防腐。     

Induction of iNOS restricts functional activity of both eNOS and nNOS in pig cerebral artery

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of iNOS expression on eNOS and nNOS functional activity in porcine cerebral arteries. iNOS was induced in pig basilar arteries using lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Arteries expressing iNOS generated NO and relaxed when challenged with L-arginine (30 microM), an effect that was reduced by treatment with dexamethasone (coincubated with LPS) and prevented by the iNOS inhibitor 1400 W (administered 10 min prior to precontraction). eNOS was activated by A23187 and was found to be impaired in arteries that had iNOS induced (A23187 1 microM relaxation: control 110+/-8%, LPS-treated 50+/-16% ; p<0.05, N=5-6). This was due mainly to reduced formation of NO by A23187 (NO concentration in response to A23187 1 microM: control 25+/-6 nM, LPS-treated 0.8+/-1.2 nM; p<0.001, N=5-6), in addition to a small reduction in the vasodilator response to the NO-donors NOC-22 and SIN-1. Cerebral vasodilation produced by stimulation of intramural nitrergic nerves was impaired in arteries that had iNOS induced, and this was reversed by 1400 W (control 23+/-4% relaxation, LPS-treated 11+/-1% relaxation, LPS plus 1400 W 10 microM treated 25+/-2% relaxation; p<0.01 for control versus LPS, N=6). It is concluded that the induction of iNOS in cerebral arteries reduces NO-mediated vasodilation initiated by eNOS and by nNOS, primarily by modulation of NO formation.     

Protective effects of low and high doses of cyclosporin A against reoxygenation injury in isolated rat cardiomyocytes are associated with differential effects on mitochondrial calcium levels

In this study we aimed to determine the concentration range of cyclosporin A (CsA) which was effective in protecting against reoxygenation injury in isolated cardiomyocytes, and its effects on intramitochondrial free calcium levels ([Ca2+]m). We also determined whether a high [CsA] had any deleterious effect on normal myocyte function. Isolated adult rat ventricular myocytes were placed in a chamber on the stage of a fluorescence microscope for induction of hypoxia. [Ca2+]m was determined from indo-1/am loaded cells where the cytosolic fluorescence signal had been quenched by superfusion with Mn2+. Cell length was measured using an edge-tracking device. Upon induction of hypoxia, control cells underwent rigor-contracture in 37 +/- 1 min (n = 99) (T1); CsA had no effect on T1. The percentage of control cells which recovered upon reoxygenation depended on the time spent in rigor (T2). With a T2 of 21-30 min, only 36% of control cells recovered compared with 90% and 78% of cells treated with 0.2 microM and 1 microM CsA respectively. After 40 min in rigor, [Ca2+]m was 280 +/- 60 nM in control-recovered cells (50% of cells) and 543 +/- 172 nM and 153 +/- 26 nM in cells treated with 0.2 and 1 microM CsA, respectively (all CsA treated cells recovered). In normoxic studies, CsA had no effect on cell contractility or [Ca2+]m upon rapid pacing, even in presence of an elevated external [Ca2+]. In conclusion, both low and high [CsA] protected against reoxygenation injury to cardiomyocytes despite having opposing effects on [Ca2+]m, suggesting more than one mechanism of action. CsA had no effect on either cell contractility or [Ca2+]m in normoxic cells.     

Voltammetrically determined differences in changes evoked by KCl microinjections on catecholamine levels in the reticular formation and corpus striatum of the rat.

Using a microelectrode with carbon filaments and the voltammetric technique, changes evoked in the catechol oxidation current (CA.OC) and multiple unit activity (MUA) by microinjection of 3-5 microliters 0.5 mol.l-1 KCl were studied in the reticular formation (RF) of the medulla oblongata of anaesthetized rats; the effect of KCl stimulation of the RF and corpus striatum (S) on the CA.OC in these structures was compared. The microinjection of KCl in the vicinity of the working electrode in the RF caused depression of MUA which began 2-3 s after administration, persisted for up to 6 min after and then diminished, reaching control values within 9 min. The voltammetric signal was first recorded in the 1st min after microinjection, when there was an evident decrease in the CA.OC value (59% of the control value); this effect reached its maximum 7 min after administration (a mean drop to 23% of the control), while at the end of the experiment (i.e. after 24 min) CA.OC values had risen to 45-80% of the control value. The response in the S had a biphasic character, however. Immediately after the microinjection (1st min), the mean CA.OC value rose to 626% of the control, while in the second phase (3-10 min) it was seen to fall below the control values (means 21-63% of the control). The differences in the changes evoked by K+ depolarization in the concentration of catecholamines in the RF and S microenvironment are discussed from the aspect of the existence of different pools of the transmitter and other regional differences.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Dependence on pH of substrate binding to a mutant lactose carrier, lacYun, in Escherichia coli. A model for H+/lactose symport.

The potential role of guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins (G-proteins) in acute insulin regulation of glucose transport was investigated by using bacterial toxins which are known to modify these proteins. Cholera-toxin treatment of isolated rat adipocytes had no effect on either 2-deoxyglucose transport or insulin binding. Pertussis-toxin treatment resulted in an inhibition of both insulin binding and glucose transport. Insulin binding was decreased in pertussis-toxin-treated cells by up to 40%, owing to a lowering of the affinity of the receptor for hormone, with no change in hormone internalization. The dose-response curve for insulin stimulation of glucose transport was strongly shifted to the right by pertussis-toxin treatment [EC50 (half-maximally effective insulin concn.) = 0.31 +/- 0.04 ng/ml in control cells; 2.29 +/- 1.0 in treated cells), whereas cholera toxin had only a small effect (EC50 = 0.47 +/- 0.02 ng/ml). Correcting for the change in hormone binding, pertussis toxin was found to decrease the coupling efficiency of occupied receptors (50% of maximal insulin effect with 928 molecules bound/cell in control and 3418 in treated cells). Pertussis-toxin inhibition of insulin sensitivity was slow in onset, requiring 2-3 h for completion. Under conditions where pertussis-toxin inhibition of insulin sensitivity was maximal, a 41,000 Da protein similar to the alpha subunit of Gi (the inhibitory G-protein) was found to be fully ribosylated. These results are consistent with the concept that pertussis-toxin-sensitive G-protein(s) can modify the insulin-receptor/glucose-transport coupling system.