人GLP -1- IgG Fc融合蛋白在毕赤酵母中的高效表达

目的:构建GLP-1-IgG Fc融合蛋白分子并在毕赤酵母中实现高效表达.方法:使用蛋白质工程技术改造GLP -1,去除其蛋白酶降解位点,然后利用重叠延伸PCR方法得到改造后的GLP -1与人IgG-Fc片断的嵌合体基因并将其插入pPIC9K载体中.以重组载体转化巴斯德毕赤酵母菌中进行表达.采用SDS-PAGE和Western Blot方法检测重组蛋白的表达.结果:成功的构建了GLP -1-IgG Fc嵌合体基因并使其在重组毕赤酵母中高效分泌表达.在25℃条件下,摇瓶培养添加0.5％甲醇诱导72h后融合蛋白的表达量最大,为5mg/L.SDS-PAGE和Westem-Blot结果表明表达产物为GLP -1-IgG Fc融合蛋白.结论:获得了高效表达GLP -1-IgG Fc融合蛋白的毕赤酵母菌株,为GLP -1-IgG Fc的活性和半衰期测定及下一步的开发奠定了基础,并为在毕赤酵母菌中表达其他Fc融合蛋白和抗体提供了参考.     

TPO模拟肽与人IgG1 Fc片段的融合表达及其生物学特性研究

依据本室获得的人TPO模拟肽序列,合成了该模拟肽的DNA序列,分别连接至4种不同长度的人IgG1 Fc基因片段的5′端,并克隆至质粒表达载体pET28a( ),转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）,筛选获得了4种重组工程菌,其中3种分别高效表达了3种不同长度的融合蛋白,而第4种工程菌未表达,表达的3种融合蛋白的分子量分别约为28kD,12kD和12kD。表达量约占菌体蛋白总量的30％左右,纯化获得了3种TPO模拟肽融合蛋白,3种融合蛋白均有较好的体外活性,维持TPO依赖细胞Ba/F3-mp1生长的EC50分别为：13,10,10nmol/L,用血小板减少症小鼠动物模型,测定了它们的体内活性,3种融合蛋白均有升高血小板和缩短血小板恢复时间的功能,分别比TPO模拟肽活性提高了18,8,8倍,而对白细胞及红细胞无显著影响,分别用3种融合蛋白免疫BALB／c小鼠,均未刺激小鼠产生抗TPO模拟肽抗体,并显示了较好的应用潜力。     

人血清白蛋白-C肽融合蛋白在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

目的构建重组表达人血清白蛋白(HSA)-C肽(CP)融合蛋白的毕赤酵母表达菌株.方法根据表达系统的密码子偏好性优化CP基因,酶切连接pBlue-HSA质粒(HSA1 800bp)和CP(100bp)基因,将HSA-CP融合基因双酶切后插入分泌表达栽体pPIC9K中,重组质粒pPIC9K-HSA-CP经SalⅠ线性化后,电击转化毕赤酵母GS115,表型筛选Mut 转化子.PCR鉴定后,用甲醇诱导摇瓶分泌表达.结果融合基因约为1 900bp,序列测定正确.SDS-PAGE分析表明表达融合蛋白的相对分子量约为70kD,摇瓶培养表达量为140mg/L,Western blot鉴定显示表达的融合蛋白为HSA和CP的杂合分子.结论实现了HSA-CP融合蛋白在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达,细胞活性研究显示HSA-CP融合蛋白对人胚肾293细胞的生长具有一定的促进作用.     

TPO模拟肽与人IgG1 Fc片段的融合表达及其生物学特性研究

依据本室获得的人TPO模拟肽序列,合成了该模拟肽的DNA序列,分别连接至4种不同长度的人IgG1 Fc基因片段的5′端,并克隆至质粒表达载体pET28a(+),转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),筛选获得了4种重组工程菌,其中3种分别高效表达了3种不同长度的融合蛋白,而第4种工程菌未表达。表达的3种融合蛋白的分子量分别约为28kD、12kD和12kD,表达量约占菌体蛋白总量的30%左右,纯化获得了3种TPO模拟肽融合蛋白。3种融合蛋白均有较好的体外活性,维持TPO依赖细胞Ba/F3-mp1生长的EC50分别为：13、10、10 nmol/L。用血小板减少症小鼠动物模型,测定了它们的体内活性,3种融合蛋白均有升高血小板和缩短血小板恢复时间的功能,分别比TPO模拟肽活性提高了18、8、8倍;而对白细胞及红细胞无显著影响。分别用3种融合蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,均未刺激小鼠产生抗TPO模拟肽抗体,并显示了较好的应用潜力。      

单纯疱疹病毒2型糖蛋白D成熟肽基因毕赤酵母表达载体的构建及序列分析

构建单纯疱疹病毒2型包膜糖蛋白D成熟肽基因毕赤酵母表达载体,并对序列进行分析,为进行高抗原性的真核表达重组gD蛋白奠定基础。采用PCR扩增HSV2-gD成熟肽基因,将该段基因克隆于pGEM-T克隆载体,转化鉴定后,与巴斯德毕赤酵母表达载体(pPIC9K)酶切连接,转化大肠杆菌DH5α,筛选测序确定构建了pPIC9K?gD的真核表达载体,对克隆的序列进行分析,预测表达产物的理化特性及抗原性。结果显示,获得的重组的酵母表达载体pPIC9K-gD,测序结果证实为HSV2-gD成熟肽基因,序列分析其高度保守,预测蛋白分子量40.63kD,等电点pI为7.15,包含完整成熟肽分值达1.7的多个抗原决定簇。成功构建了HSV2-gD成熟肽基因的毕赤酵母表达载体。     

血小板、红细胞生成素双功能融合蛋白的构建

为探索TPO- EPO融合蛋白在肿瘤化疗中作为辅助治疗药物 ,同时纠正红细胞贫血和血小板减少症的可能性 ,首先通过PCR分别扩增了TPON -端 1 5 3肽和EPO成熟肽的编码cDNA ,并构建成功TPO -EPO融合基因 .融合基因在COS- 7细胞和CHO细胞中的表达产物能够维持TPO依赖株Ba/F3 mpl细胞和EPO依赖株Bet -2细胞的生长 ,能够在半固体培养体系中刺激巨核系集落和红系集落的形成 ,表明它同时具有TPO和EPO的生物活性 .初步体内实验表明 ,含有融合蛋白的培养上清可以使小鼠血小板数目升高 40 % ,对红细胞的作用有待进一步确定 .以上结果初步表明融合蛋白构建成功 ,为进一步探讨融合蛋白的体内活性和应用前景打下了基础 .     

重叠延伸PCR法克隆人脂联素基因及其在毕赤酵母中表达

利用重叠延伸PCR法克隆出人脂联素基因, 连接至克隆载体pGEM-T中, 转化大肠杆菌DH5a, 通过测序对其进行序列分析后, 进一步构建毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC3.5K-ADPN, 通过电击法转化毕赤酵母GS115, 转化的重组酵母菌用甲醇诱导外源基因表达。经PCR、Southern blotting鉴定, 获得了重组毕赤酵母菌株; 经甲醇诱导人脂联素基因表达, Western blotting杂交鉴定证明人脂联素基因已经在毕赤酵母中成功表达。结果表明重叠延伸PCR法准确方便克隆出人脂联素基因, 在30oC, 1%甲醇诱导48 h, 人脂联素基因在巴斯德毕赤酵母中的表达最佳。     

人防御素6基因的克隆、亚克隆及在酵母中的分泌表达

探讨人防御素6(HD-6)在毕赤酵母中表达的可行性,为进一步研究HD6的功能提供理论依据和实验基础。采用PCR方法,设计引物从cDNA文库中扩增出人α防御素6基因片段,并将其插入到克隆载体pMD-18T中,再与毕赤酵母表达载体pPICZαA重组,以得到重组的HD-6酵母表达载体pPICZαA/HD-6,并进行琼脂糖电泳和测序鉴定。再将构建好的毕赤酵母重组表达质粒pPICZαA/HD-6经SacⅠ线性化后,应用LiCl法转化毕赤酵母菌株GS115感受态中,Zeocin平板筛选,PCR鉴定转化子。经摇瓶发酵和甲醇诱导,SDSPAGE分析重组HD-6的表达。从cDNA文库中扩增出的HD-6基因片断大小正确;电泳和测序结果均证明已将此片段克隆到酵母表达载体pPICZαA内;线性化的重组质粒pPICZαA/HD-6成功转化进入毕赤酵母感受态中,PCR鉴定结果与预期相符;蛋白电泳证实重组HD-6在酵母中获得分泌表达。提示重组HD-6可以在毕赤酵母中实现分泌表达。     

牛促卵泡激素在毕赤酵母中的表达

目的:实现重组牛促卵泡激素在毕赤酵母中的表达。方法:依据毕赤酵母的密码子偏爱性设计并利用PCR方法合成了牛促卵泡激素的α亚基和带有6×his-tag的β亚基相应的DNA序列,构建表达载体pHIL-S-bFSH,转化毕赤酵母,表达蛋白进行ELISA定量和Western blot鉴定。结果:重组牛促卵泡激素的表达量为0.26mg/L,Western blot鉴定分子量为35kDa。结论:在毕赤酵母中实现了具有免疫源活性的重组牛促卵泡激素的表达。     

治疗糖尿病的短肽药物GLP-1在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

利用毕赤酵母表达治疗糖尿病的短肽药物GLP-1(胰高血糖素样肽-1)。以pUC18GLP-1 为模板进行PCR,将获得的GLP-1基因片段克隆到pMD18T-vector上,然后将SmaI和NotI双酶切获得的基因小片段插入到表达载体pPIC9上,完成表达载体pPIC9GLP-1的构建,SacI线性化重组质粒,通过醋酸锂转化法转化毕赤酵母GS115感受态细胞,成功构建了能够分泌抗二肽酶Ⅳ降解的长效促胰岛素激素的毕赤酵母工程菌株。结果表明毕赤酵母6号菌株的GLP-1分泌表达产量最高可达 100．00 mg／L．实现了GLP-1在毕赤酵母中的表达,为进一步开发治疗糖尿病新型短肽药物的研究奠定了基础。     

Sumoylation of Daxx regulates IFN-induced growth suppression of B lymphocytes and the hormone receptor-mediated transactivation

Daxx has been shown to play an essential role in type I IFN-mediated suppression of B cell development and apoptosis. Recently, we demonstrated that Tyk2 is directly involved in IFN signaling for the induction and translocation of Daxx, which may result in growth arrest and/or apoptosis of B lymphocyte progenitors. To clarify the molecular mechanisms of how Daxx acts on growth suppression of B lymphocytes, we examined functions of a sumoylation-defective Daxx KA mutant (Daxx K630/631A), which substituted Lys 630 and Lys 631 to Ala. Importantly, Daxx KA localized in the cytoplasm, whereas wild-type Daxx localized in the nucleus. Murine pro-B cell line Ba/F3 expressing Daxx KA revealed a resistance to the IFN-induced growth suppression. It is noteworthy that treatment with an exportin inhibitor, leptomycin B, resulted in nuclear localization of Daxx KA and recovery of the IFN-induced growth suppression in Ba/F3 cells. Moreover, Daxx KA decreased the binding potential to promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML), and overexpression of PML recruited Daxx KA into PML oncogenic domains. Notably, a Daxx-small ubiquitin-related modifier fusion protein exhibited increased nuclear localization and ability to suppress cell growth in Ba/F3 cells. These results demonstrate that the IFN-induced growth suppression of B lymphocytes requires nuclear localization of Daxx through its sumoylation and proper interactions with PML.     

牛乳铁蛋白肽(LfcinB)在苏云金芽胞杆菌中的融合表达

牛乳铁蛋白肽（bovine lactoferrincin,LfcinB）来源于牛乳铁蛋白（bovine lactoferrin）,是目前已知所有乳铁蛋白肽中活性最高的。前期研究表明,可以通过大肠杆菌表达体系和毕赤酵母表达体系表达有活性的LfcinB,但得到的产物难以纯化,产量也不理想,所以研究构建新型的LfcinB表达体系有很重要的意义。苏云金芽胞杆菌（Bacillus thuringiensis, Bt）能在芽胞形成的同时产生一种δ-内毒素组装成的杀虫晶体,在发酵完成后细胞裂解,将芽胞和晶体释放到培养基中。基于Bt的这种优势,将LfcinB与分子量为35kDa的Cry60Ba晶体蛋白作融合表达。通过PCR扩增和酶切连接,将LfcinB基因连接到 cry60Ba 的下游,构建融合基因并转入无晶体Bt菌株中表达,得到了工程菌4Q7/pPFT60Ba-LfcinB。利用GYS培养发酵48h,再经过超声破碎、包涵体纯化,SDS-PAGE分析表明,工程菌表达了一条38kDa左右的蛋白质条带。将纯化的融合蛋白盐酸水解后进行SDS-PAGE分析,得到近似于3kDa的蛋白质条带,挖取目的条带进行胶内酶解和质谱分析,质谱结果显示,挖取的目的条带样品为LfcinB蛋白的特异性肽段,说明在酸水解过后,融合蛋白Cry60Ba-LfcinB中的Cry60Ba和LfcinB分离开,得到单独的LfcinB蛋白。由此可见,利用晶体蛋白在苏云金芽胞杆菌中进行融合表达可能作为一种新型有效的LfcinB的高效表达体系,为采用基因工程的方法大量生产具有活性的牛乳铁蛋白肽LfcinB蛋白奠定基础。     

Transforming properties of the Huntingtin interacting protein 1/ platelet-derived growth factor beta receptor fusion protein.

We have previously reported that the Huntingtin interacting protein 1 (HIP1) gene is fused to the platelet-derived growth factor beta receptor (PDGFbetaR) gene in a patient with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. We now show that HIP1/PDGFbetaR oligomerizes, is constitutively tyrosine-phosphorylated, and transforms the murine hematopoietic cell line, Ba/F3, to interleukin-3-independent growth. A kinase-inactive mutant is neither tyrosine-phosphorylated nor able to transform Ba/F3 cells. Oligomerization and kinase activation required the 55-amino acid carboxyl-terminal TALIN homology region but not the leucine zipper domain. Tyrosine phosphorylation of a 130-kDa protein and STAT5 correlates with transformation in cells expressing HIP1/PDGFbetaR and related mutants. A deletion mutant fusion protein that contains only the TALIN homology region of HIP1 fused to PDGFbetaR is incapable of transforming Ba/F3 cells and does not tyrosine-phosphorylate p130 or STAT5, although it is itself constitutively tyrosine-phosphorylated. We have also analyzed cells expressing Tyr --> Phe mutants of HIP1/PDGFbetaR in the known PDGFbetaR SH2 docking sites and report that none of these sites are necessary for STAT5 activation, p130 phosphorylation, or Ba/F3 transformation. The correlation of factor-independent growth of hematopoietic cells with p130 and STAT5 phosphorylation/activation in both the HIP1/PDGFbetaR Tyr --> Phe and deletion mutational variants suggests that both STAT5 and p130 are important for transformation mediated by HIP1/PDGFbetaR.     

Control of thrombopoietin-induced megakaryocytic differentiation by the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.

Thrombopoietin (TPO) is the major regulator of both growth and differentiation of megakaryocytes. We previously showed that both functions can be generated by TPO in the megakaryoblastic cell line UT7, in which murine Mpl was introduced, and are independently controlled by distinct regions of the cytoplasmic domain of Mpl. Particularly, residues 71 to 94 of this domain (deleted in the mutant mpl delta3) were found to be required for megakaryocytic maturation but dispensable for proliferation. We show here that TPO-induced differentiation in UT7 cells is tightly dependent on a strong, long-lasting activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Indeed, (i) in UT7-mpl cells, TPO induced a strong activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) which was persistent until at least 4 days in TPO-containing medium; (ii) a specific MAPK kinase (MEK) inhibitor inhibited TPO-induced megakaryocytic gene expression; (iii) the Mpl mutant mpl delta3, which displayed no maturation activity, transduced only a weak and transient ERK activation in UT7 cells; and (iv) TPO-induced megakaryocytic differentiation in UT7-mpl delta3 cells was partially restored by expression of a constitutively activated mutant of MEK. The capacity of TPO to trigger a strong and prolonged MAPK signal depended on the cell in which Mpl was introduced. In BAF3-mpl cells, TPO triggered a weak and transient ERK activation, similar to that induced in UT7-mpl delta3 cells. In these cells, no difference in MAPK activation was found between normal Mpl and mpl delta3. Thus, depending on the cellular context, several distinct regions of the cytoplasmic domain of Mpl and signaling pathways may contribute to generate quantitative variations in MAPK activation.     

The juxtamembrane domain in ETV6/FLT3 is critical for PIM-1 up-regulation and cell proliferation

We recently reported that the ETV6/FLT3 fusion protein conferred interleukin-3-independent growth on Ba/F3 cells. The present study has been conducted to assess role of the juxtamembrane domain of FLT3 for signal transduction and cell transformation. The wild-type ETV6/FLT3 fusion protein in transfected cells was a constitutively activated tyrosine kinase that led to up-regulation of PIM-1 and activations of STAT5, AKT, and MAPK. Deletion of the juxtamembrane domain abrogated interleukin-3-independent growth of the transfected cells and PIM-1 up-regulation, whereas it retained compatible levels of phosphorylations of STAT5, AKT, and MAPK. Further deletion of N-terminal region of the tyrosine kinase I domain of FLT3 completely abolished these phosphorylations. Our data indicate that the juxtamembrane domain of FLT3 in ETV6/FLT3 fusion protein is critical for cell proliferation and PIM-1 up-regulation that might be independent of a requirement for signaling through STAT5, MAPK, and AKT pathways.     

A temperature sensitive p210 BCR-ABL mutant defines the primary consequences of BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase expression in growth factor dependent cells.

The Philadelphia translocation commonly observed in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) and a proportion of cases of acute leukaemia results in the creation of a chimeric fusion protein, BCR-ABL. The fusion protein exhibits an elevated tyrosine kinase activity as compared to normal ABL. Using a temperature sensitive mutant of p210 BCR-ABL (ts-p210) we find that the primary effect of BCR-ABL expression in an IL-3 dependent cell line is to prolong survival following growth factor withdrawal; only a small proportion of cells remain viable and rapidly evolve to complete growth factor independence. During passage in the presence of IL-3 at the temperature permissive for kinase activity, ts-p210 expressing cultures become dominated by completely growth factor independent cells within 10-30 days. There is also a significant difference between BCR-ABL and IL-3 mediated signalling with respect to the MAP kinase pathway; in contrast to IL-3 stimulation or v-ABL expression, BCR-ABL does not signal ERK 2 (MAP 2 kinase) activation, underlining the apparent inability of BCR-ABL to deliver an immediate proliferative signal in Ba/F3 cells. Our data suggest that growth factor independence does not simply reflect the convergence of BCR-ABL and IL-3 mediated signalling pathways and its development, at least in Ba/F3 cells, requires prolonged exposure to BCR-ABL kinase activity. We suggest that the myeloid expansion characteristic of CML may result from the prolongation of survival of myeloid progenitor cells under conditions of limiting growth factor rather than their uncontrolled proliferation.     

Constitutive activation of a variant of the env-mpl oncogene product by disulfide-linked homodimerization.

The myeloproliferative leukemia retrovirus (MPLV) has the v-mpl cellular sequences transduced in frame with the deleted and rearranged Friend murine leukemia virus env gene. The resulting env-mpl fusion oncogene is responsible for an acute myeloproliferative disorder induced in mice by MPLV. v-mpl is a truncated form of the c-mpl gene which encodes the receptor for thrombopoietin. We investigated the contribution of the Env-Mpl extracellular domain in the constitutive activation of this truncated cytokine receptor and found that the rearrangement of the env sequences in the env-mpl fusion gene was not required for oncogenicity. A pathogenic variant, DEL3MPLV, was generated, which differs from MPLV by the deletions of 22 amino acids of the Env signal peptide, all of the mature Env sequences, and 18 N-terminal amino acids of the v-Mpl extracellular domain. The resulting del3-mpl oncogene product conserves in its extracellular region the first 12 amino acids of the Env signal sequence including a cysteine residue, and 25 amino acids of the v-Mpl. We show here that a mutation converting this cysteine to a glycine completely abolishes del3-mpl oncogenicity and that the del3-mpl oncogene product is constitutively activated by disulfide-linked homodimerization.     

A recombinant Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin (STa) fusion protein eliciting anti-STa neutralizing antibodies

A recombinant fusion protein consisting of native Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin (STa) and a dimer of a synthetic IgG-binding fragment (ZZ), derived from Staphylococcus aureus protein A was produced in E. coli. The fusion protein (ZZSTa) was secreted in large quantities into the growth medium and recovered by affinity chromatography on IgG-Sepharose. Rabbits immunized with the fusion protein responded by producing high serum levels of anti-STa antibodies that also effectively neutralized STa toxicity in infant mice. The fusion peptide ZZSTa had a substantially decreased toxicity as compared with native STa. A polymeric form of ZZSTa separated by size fractionation was about 100 times less toxic than the monomeric fusion protein, yet both forms had the same capacity to induce neutralizing antibodies. This suggests that modified non-toxic forms of ZZSTa with retained immunogenicity may be produced and tested for their usefulness as functional components in a vaccine against diarrhoea caused by enterotoxigenic E. coli.