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1.
贵州两栖动物区系及地理区划的初步研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
本文报道贵州省两栖动物63种,其中省新纪录2种,即阔褶蛙和锯腿树蛙。将贵州划分为黔西高原中山、黔北中山峡谷、黔中山原丘陵、黔东南低山丘陵盆地和黔南低山河谷五个动物地理省。认为黔南低山河谷省属于向华南区过渡的华中地带。讨论了各动物地理省的地貌、气候、两栖动物区系特征及地理替代种类。分析了各动物地理省两栖动物区系的相似性及数量关系。 相似文献
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贵州省啮齿动物地理分布的聚类分析 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
贵州省啮齿动物地理分布的聚类分析杨再学贵州省余庆县农业局植保站564400作者用聚类分析法对贵州省啮齿动物的地理分布作了分析,表明黔北和黔中的啮齿动物区系更加相似;黔东和黔南的啮齿动物区系较相似,而与其它地区的啮齿动物区系存在一定的差异。报告如下。1... 相似文献
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荨麻科(Urticaceae)楼梯草属(Elatostema)植物种类繁多、形态相似、关系密切,是植物分类学界公认的疑难分类群之一。贵州省地理位置特殊,水热条件较好,喀斯特地貌复杂多变,是我国楼梯草属植物的重要分布区,但一直以来种类不清,分类不明。为进一步理清资源本底及分布特征,该文通过近年调查和查阅资料形成贵州楼梯草属植物名录,分析其物种组成,并基于分布地及海拔数据分析空间分布特征,以期为贵州植物多样性保护以及区系研究提供进一步的基础资料。结果表明:全省赤车类群植物有1组1系7种,楼梯草类群有5组20系69种,分别占全国种类的17.94%、20.78%。楼梯草属植物共76种,其中13种为贵州楼梯草属特有种。在地理分布上,赤车类群主要见于黔北-黔东-黔南部分地区,沿赤水、桐梓、习水、正安-江口、印江-剑河-都匀、荔波-望谟一线,总体分布反呈“C”状; 楼梯草类群植物主要分布在黔北-黔东-黔南-黔西南大部分地区,沿赤水、正安、江口-七星关、开阳、施秉、黄平-兴义、兴仁、安龙、贞丰、望谟、独山、荔波一带分布较多,总体分布呈“三”字状; 楼梯草属特有植物总体呈点状、不均匀分布。该属植物主要分布在海拔600~1 000 m的范围内。 相似文献
4.
我们用特有性简约性分析方法对中国蚱科昆虫分布格局和各分布区之间的关系进行了探讨。根据蚱科昆虫的分布,构建特有性简约性分析所需的矩阵,以东北区作为外群,用最大简约法通过穷尽式搜索得到分布区分支图。分布区分支图上8大生物地理分布区可分成4个聚类群:第一个聚类群是东北区;第二个聚类群是蒙新区;华中区、华东区及华北区组成第三个聚类群;华南区、西南区及青藏区则组成第四个聚类群。分布区分支图表明东北区与蒙新区比其他生物地理分布区形成要早,其原因我们推测可能与更新世的冰川活动有关。总体上来说,中国蚱科昆虫生物多样性南部比北部丰富,我们认为可从两方面来解释,一是更新世森林避难所的形成,二是生态环境的恶化。 相似文献
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贵州金沙县、大方县福建柏自然保护区两栖动物调查 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
1991年、1992年、1999年、2003年、2004年,先后对贵州金沙县、大方县福建柏自然保护区两栖动物进行了调查,该林区两栖动物计有2目8科13属16种和亚种。其区系组成以无尾目蛙科占主体。区系特征以华中华南区成分为主,有6种,占37.5%;华中区成分居次,有4种,占25%;西南区成分、占北界及东洋界广布种各3种,分别占18.75%。其区系成分既不同于黔西高原中山省,也不同于黔北中山峡谷省,属西南区成分向华中区成分过渡的区域。 相似文献
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中国侧棘斑蚜属(蚜科,角斑蚜亚科)地理分布格局研究 总被引:8,自引:4,他引:4
用GIs技术研究斑蚜科侧棘斑蚜属Tuberculatus在中国的地理分布格局。种类以县级行政单元转换地理坐标与动物地理区划图叠加后产生蚜虫地理分布图。结果显示出这个属主要分布在东北区南部、华北区、华中区、华南区和西南区东部(中国南部和东部)。根据地理分布图及有关统计分析,认为东北区南部—华北区北部和华中区南部一东南部是这个属在中国的分布中心、分化中心和特有中心。同时,利用寄主植物的分布,探讨了中国侧棘斑蚜属的分布与寄主植物分布之间的关系。 相似文献
10.
杜仲在我国的潜在适生区估计及其生态特征分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
杜仲是我国重要的乡土经济林树种,其产业应用涉及医药、食品、保健、饲料、橡胶、化妆品及园林绿化等领域。预估杜仲在我国的潜在适生区分布,对杜仲资源保护、引种、精细化管护及可持续利用具有重要意义。利用601个杜仲地理分布点和24个环境变量数据,通过MaxEnt模型和空间分析技术预测杜仲潜在适生区分布及其生态特征,结果显示我国杜仲适生区等级可分为4级,其中高适生区38.01万km~2,集中分布在大巴山中低山谷地区、川东平行低山岭谷区、鄂西高原-大类山中低山丘陵谷地区、武陵山中低山谷地区、雪峰山中低山区、川南黔北滇东喀斯特高原中山区以及浙闽中低山丘陵谷地地区。杜仲最适宜生长条件为年平均温度介于11—16℃、年均降水量介于700—1450 mm、温度季节性变化的标准差在820以下、海拔1400 m以下、坡度24°以下。 相似文献
11.
云南蚤类区系及分布特征 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
【目的】在收集汇总以往野外调查资料以及已经发表的历史文献资料基础上,归纳云南蚤类的分布特点,分析云南地理小区对蚤类的影响。【方法】在实地采集和补充文献记录基础上,对收集到的蚤类进行系统分类整理;运用SPSS13.0的主成分分析及系统聚类对数据进行处理。【结果】本研究共记录云南蚤类9科45属144种,其中古北种15种,东洋种 108种,东洋、古北两界兼有种15种,广布种6种。144种蚤中,属于云南特有蚤类有75种;横断山中部小区记载蚤类122种,横断山南部小区26种,滇东高原小区41种,滇西高原小区28种,滇南山地小区25种。主成分分析和聚类分析结果基本一致,均可聚为两类:一类为横断山南部小区、滇南山地小区、滇西高原小区及滇东高原小区; 另一类为横断山中部小区。【结论】云南省蚤类分布明显受到地理小区环境的影响。云南省蚤类昆虫种类繁多,蚤类的自然分布受到云南省特定地形地貌影响。 相似文献
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宁夏哺乳动物区系与地理区划研究 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
宁夏现有哺乳动物75种,隶属于6目19科52属 。本文分析了宁夏哺乳动物区系特征,将宁夏划分为3个动物地理省、6十动物地理州,并对各省及各州动物区系之间的相似性等问题进行了探讨。 相似文献
14.
LI-PU LUO XIAN-GUO GUO TI-JUN QIAN DIAN WU XING-YUANMEN WEN-GE DONG 《Insect Science》2007,14(1):71-78
An investigation of gamasid mites on the body surface of small mammals was carried out in Yunnan Province of China from 1990 to 2004. The small mammal hosts were captured from 25 counties which represent five geographical subregions, namely Middle Subregion of Hengduan Mountains, Southern Subregion of Hengduan Mountains, Eastern Plateau Subregion of Yunnan, Western Plateau Subregion of Yunnan and Southern Moun- tainous Subregion of Yunnan. The captured 10 803 small mammal hosts belong to nine families, 29 genera and 52 species in four orders (Rodentia, Insectivora, Scandentia and Lagomorpha). A total of 68 571 gamasid mites were collected from the body surface of the captured small mammal hosts and all the gamasid mites were identified to 10 families, 33 genera and 112 species. This paper lists all the mite species, together with their taxonomic position (genera and families) and their corresponding hosts. Much more mite species were found in the Middle Subregion of Hengduan Mountains than in other geographical subregions. The total individuals of mites and small mammals in the Middle Subregion of Hengduan Mountains are also the most plentiful in the five geographical subregions. Three dominant mite species and three dominant small mammal hosts were determined as the dominant species in the investigated areas of Yunnan Province. The dominant hosts are Rattus flavipectus (which accounts for 34.85% of the total individuals), Apodemus chevrieri (13.43%) and Rattus norvegicus (10.40%) while the dominant gamasid mite species are Laelaps nuttalli (Hirst, 1915) (27.84%), Laelaps echidninus (Berlese, 1887) (18.38%) and Laelaps guizhouensis (Gu et Wang, 1981) (14.79%). The results showed the high species diversity of gamasid mites in Yunnan Province and the uneven distribution feature in different subregions. 相似文献
15.
南岭山地与相邻地区植物区系具有明显的过渡或替代关系,主要通过亚热带及亚热带亚热带亚洲分布成分与华南南亚热带及亚洲热带地区联系;与华中和华东地区植物区系的联系以亚热带及亚热带至温带分布和中国—日本间断分布成分来沟通;与西南地区植物区系的联系则表现为两地共有的古老和与遗成分区及石灰岩山地区系成分.华夏植物区系,是从古老的华夏植物群逐步发展起来的统一体,在区系分区上应划归为统一的华夏植物界,下分东亚植物区、马来西亚植物区和印度—喜马拉雅植物区。南岭山地植物区系拥有其自身的标志种、特有属和丰富的特有种,在区系分区上可划为完整的南岭植物亚省,下分东南岭植物县、中南岭植物县和西南岭植物县。 相似文献
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贡嘎山地区位于青藏高原的东南缘,横断山系的东北段,现有杜鹃属植物73种4变种2亚种。在贡嘎山地区东坡的不同垂直高度上分布有43种(包括变、亚种)杜鹃,西坡则分布有63种(包括变、亚种)。贡嘎山地区杜鹃属植物的区系组成属于泛北极植物区,大致分为:1、中国-日本森林植物亚区,只有1种杜鹃。2、中国-喜马拉雅森林植物亚区,有78种(包括4变种, 2亚种),其中(1)1种分布于西藏、云南,并经云南入缅甸分布;(2)44种为四川特产;(3)5种为贡嘎山地区特有种。另外,贡嘎山地区杜鹃属植物区系还有其特点:1、贡嘎山地区是杜鹃属植物分布中心之一;2、贡嘎山地区是杜鹃属植物分化中心之一;3、贡嘎山地区杜鹃属植物有垂直替代现象。 相似文献
17.
我国鲇形目鱼类的地理分布 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
根据最新的分类系统(Nelson,1984),鲇形目鱼类包括31个科,二千余种。它们的分布几乎是全球性的,多数生活在淡水中;只有海鲇科和鳗科主要生活在海洋里, 相似文献
18.
Lang Kai-Yung 《植物分类学报:英文版》1990,28(5):356-371
The Hengduan Mountain Region on the south-eastern fringe of the Qinghai-
Xizang (Tibet) Plateau is located in W. Sichuan, N. W. Yunnan and E. Xizang, with a wide
area of juxtaposition from the east to the west, the mountains extending and the rivers flowing
from the north to the south. In this paper it covers an area from Daojie, Wayao, Yingping,
Yangbi, Dali of Yunnan and Dukou of Sichuan in the south, to Banbar, Dengqeu, Shenda of
Tibet and Serxu, Dainkog, Shuajingsi and Nanping (Jiuzhaigou) of Sichuan in the north,
and from Lharong, Baxoi and Zayü of Tibet in the west, to Maowen, Wenchuan, Mt. Erlang,
Mt. Emei and Xichang of Sichuan in the east (Fig. 1.). The Gongga Mountain is the highest
in the region, its summit being at an altitude of 7556m, whereas the Dadu River Valley in
the eastern part of the area is only 1150 m above sea level. Therefore, the relative height is
about 6400 m in the region. The Hengduan Mountain Region is well-known for its various
topography, complex natural conditions and rich flora.
The floristic composition and features of orchids in Hengduan Mountain
Region.
1. The species of orchids are abundant in the region. As we know so far, orchids in
the Hengduan Mountain Region comprise 91 genera and 363 species with 9 varieties, and thus
it is one of concentration centres of orchids in China, making up 56.17% of the total number
of orchids genera in China, only less than in Yunnan and Taiwan, and 34.87% of the total
number of orchids species in China, only less than in Yunnan and Sichuan.
2. The orchids genera in the Hengduan Mountain Region are complex in geographical
components as indicated below:
(1) Four geneva are endemic to China and one of them is endemic to the region.
(2) Fourteen genera are of the north temperate distribution pattern, 2 of the Old World
temperate one, 18 of the East-Asian one (including Sino-Himalayan and Sino-Japanese) and
3 of the East-Asian-North American one.
(3) Twenty one genera belong to the tropical Asian distribution pattern, 3 to the tropical
Asian-tropical African one, 13 to the tropical Asian-tropical Australian one, 1 to the tropical
Asian-tropical South American one, 8 to the Old World tropical one and 2 to the pantropical
one.
(4) Two genera are cosmopolitan.
The analysis of genera: Fourty eight genera (containing 151 species with 4 varieties) of the tropical distribution occur in the region, among which Calanthe and Cymbidium
distributed in the temperate region, and Bulbophyllum and Peristylus in the subtropical part
of China are comparatively abundant (with over 10 species), but the other 25 genera are monospecific and 11 genera each contain only 2-3 species. Some epiphytic genera mainly distributed in tropical Asia and belonging to tropical florestic elements, such as Vanda, Luisia,
Schoenorchis, Flickingeria, Monomeria, Kingidium, Acampe, Phalaenopsis, Thrixspermum,
Eria, Taeniophyllum, and terrestrial genera, such as Aphyllorchis, Collabium, Mischobulbum,
Paphiopedilum, Thunia, Brachycarythis, Satyrium, Corybas, Geodorum, Zeuxine, Tropidia,
have the Hengduan Mountain Region as the northern limit of distribution. Of 151 species
with 4 varieties, 41 species with 4 varieties are endemic to China, and 14 species with 3 varieties of them are endemic to the area, making up 3.86% of the total in the region under
discussion.
There are 41 genera (containing 189 species with 5 varieties) of the temperate distribution,
which occur in the region. Among them Platanthera (22 species with 1 variety), Cypripedium (17 species), Herminium (16 species), Amitostigma (15 species with 1 variety), Orchis
(12 species), Hemipilia (8 species with 1 variety), Neottianthe (4 species), Gymnadenia (4
species), Diphylax (3 species), Bletilla (3 species), have the Hengduan Mountain Region as the
distribution centre and differentiation centre. Among the 189 species with 5 varieties, 111 species
with 5 varieties are endemic to China, and 54 species with 5 varieties are endemic to the area,
making up 14.88% of the total of orchids in the Hengduan Mountain Region. Although the
number of temperate distribution genera is smaller than that of tropical distribution ones, several points may be mentioned:
(1) The Hengduan Mountain Region is distribution centre and differentiation centre of
a number of temperate genera in China, and is the northern limit of many genera mainly distributed in the tropics.
(2) The number in the former category is obviously larger than that in the latter.
(3) Endemic species in the former category in the area are over three times as many as
those in the latter.
The differentiation of species of the temperate distribution genera is obviously stronger
than the tropical ones, which characterizes the orchid flora in the area as the temperate one.
The life forms of genera. The orchid flora in the Hengduan Mountain Region so far
known comprises 91 genera, among which 51 are terrestrial, 32 epiphytic and 8 saprophytic,
thus with the terrestrial one dominant.
The analysis of species: The orchid flora in the Hengduan Mountain Region
so far known comprises 363 species with 9 varieties. Their distribution patterns and floristic
components, to which they belong, are indicated as follows:
(1) Fifty four species, belonging to 33 genera, are widespread, covering the whole East Asian Region, but 6 of them are endemic to China.
(2) Forty four species, belonging to 27 genera, are the elements of the Sino-Japanese
Subregion, but 22 species of them are endemic to China.
(3) One hundred and ninety five species with nine varieties, belonging to 53 genera,
are the elements of the Sino-Himalayan Subregion under discussion:
(A) Four species (i.e. Aphyllorchis alpine, Listera divaricata, L. pinetorum and Oreorchis micrantha) are distributed in the Himalayan Region and S. E. Xizang (Tibet), western
part of this region.
(B) Twenty five species, belonging to 17 genera, are distributed in N. W. Yunnan and
the Himalayan Region (Appendix, 1.).
(C) Sixteen species, belonging to 11 genera, are distributed in the Himalayan region
and W. Sichuan. Among them 6 species occur only with Mt. Emei as the easternmost limit
and 10 species occur in the region west of Mt. Emei.
(D) Ten species, belonging to 9 genera, are distributed in the Himalayan region, this
region and S. Shaanxi, S. Gansu or S. E. Qinghai.
(E) Eight species, belonging to 6 genera, are distributed in the Himalayan region and
this region. Among them 6 species have their range extending eastwards to Guizhou and 2
species eastwards to Guangxi.
(F) Five species, belonging to 5 genera, having their range extending from this region
southwards to N. Burma.
(G) One handred and twenty seven species with nine varieties are endemic to China
behind discussion.
(4) (A) Three species (i.e. Anoectochilus moulmeinensis, Bulbophyllum forrestii and
Liparis chapaensis) are distributed in Indo-China, Burma and the region.
(B) Nine species, belonging to 7 genera, are distributed in Indo-China, N. E. India
and this region.
(C) Forty six species, belonging to 21 genera, are distributed in Indo-China, the Himalayan Region and this region (Appendix, 2.).
(D) Twelve species, belonging to 11 genera, are distributed in Indo-China and this region (Appendix, 3.)
3. The vicarism is obvious in the orchid flora of the Hengduan Mountain Region.
There are 10 species-pairs (in genera Calanthe, Tropidia, Anoectochilus, Mischobulbum,
Bulbophyllum, Gymnadenia, Pogonia, Tipularia, Tulotis, Orchis, etc.) of the horizontal vicarism and 7 species-pairs (in genera Epigeneium, Epipogium, Platanthera, Pogonia, etc.) of the
vertical vicarism in the region.
4. The endemic species are prolific in the region.
In the orchid flora of the Hengduan Mountain Region there are 155 species and 9 varieties endemic to China:
(1) Six species are widespread in the whole East-Asian Region.
(2) Twenty two species are the elements of the Sino-Japanese Subregion.
(3) One hundred and twenty seven species with nine varieties are the elements of the
Sino-Himalayan Subregion. Among them 69 species with 5 varieties are endemic to the region (Appendix, 4.), making up 19% of the total in the region; other 58 species with 4 varieties are distributed in the region and neighbouring regions or provinces of it (Appendix, 5.).
5. Remarkable differentiation of the orchid flora in the Hengduan Mountain Region is
shown by evident vicarism and abundance of endemic elements, exampled by Amitostigma,
Herminium, Orchis, Cypripedium, Platanthera, etc. and one group of Platanthera, which is
confined to the south fringe of the Xizang (Tibet) Plateau-Hengduan Mountain Region. The
group consists of 12 species, of which one (P. edgeworthii) is distributed in the Western Himalayas from Hazara in Pakistan to Kumaun in India, and all the other 11 species (i.e.P.
stenantha, P. bakeriana, P. roseotincta, P. deflexilabella, P. longiglandula, P. exilliana, P.
chiloglossa, P. leptocaulon, P. platantheroides, P. clavigera and P. latilabris) occur in China,
with 3 of them (i.e.P. deflexilabella, P. longiglandula and P. chiloglossa) endemic to China.
According to their structure of gynostemum and form of labellum they belong to Platanthera
without question, although they are different from the other members of Platanthera in stigma
convex (not concave) and sepals mammillary-ciliate, stigma exhibits a series of evolutionary
trends in part of species, from stigma single, convex, elliptic and located near rear of spur
mouth (in P. stenantha) to stigma single, suddle, and located near front of spur mouth (in P.
bakeriana) and to stigma double, separate and located at front of spur mouth in the other
ten species.
The group in Platanthera is only confined to the area from the south fringe of the Xizang
(Tibet) Plateau to the Hengduan Mountain Region. It seems that the genus has been affected
by intense lift of the area, causing variation and differentiation and giving rise to the group
due to the long-term natural selection. Mt. Emei in Sichuan Province is the eastern limit of
distribution of the group, where there are three spcies, among which two (P. deflexilabella
and P. longiglandula) are endemic to the mountains.
In addition, among Risleya (1 species), Diphylax (3 species) and Diplomeris (2 species),
three genera typical of distribution in the Sino-Himalayan Subregion, Risleya and Diphylax
have Mt. Emei as their eastern limit. Eleven species, belonging to elements of the SinoJapanese Subregion, occur only from Japan to Western Sichuan with Mt. Emei as the western
limit. Among nine species, belonging to elements of the Sino-Himalayan Subregion, six occur
from the Himalayas to W. Sichuan and three of them are endemic to the Hengduan Mountain
Region, with Mt. Emei as their eastern limit of distribution. There are eight endemic species and one variety of orchids in Mt. Emei, making up about 11.59% of the total endemic
species in the Hengduan Mountain Region. Orchid floristic elements in Mt. Emei are obviously different from those in Mt. Jinfo, the former being mainly of the Sino-Himalayan Subregion, while the latter being mainly of the Sino-Japanese Subregion. From the distribution patterns of the orchid floristic elements in the Hengduan Mountain Region and Eastern
China, the Emei Mountain is considered important for drawing a boundary line between the
Sino-Japanese Subregion and the Sino-Himalayan Subregion.
The discussion may be summarized as follows: the floristic features of the orchid flora in
the Hengduan Mountain Region are: (1) rich in species, complex in geographical components,
eminent vicarism and differentiation, and prolific in endemic species; (2) terrestrial life form
is dominant one; (3) mainly consisting of temperate and subtropical East-Asian elements, es pecially, elements of Sino-Himalayan Subregion, though with some tropical elements and elem-ents of other regions. 相似文献
19.
因遭受滥垦及过度放牧破坏的中国北方农牧交错带亟待进行植被的恢复和重建.本文从为该区域植被的恢复与重建提供植物物种上的支持出发,对适宜该区域生长与分布的乔、灌、草种进行了生态区划.生态区划的原则概括为4条:生态保育优先、有利生产发展、适地适树适草以及参考行政区划边界.在该原则指导下,依据限定农牧交错带植物生长和分布的主要生态因子:年最低日均温、年大于0℃积温、湿润度指数(年降水量与年大于0℃积温之比)、反映区域地表组成物质、地形及气候特征影响的土壤类型等,将农牧交错带划分为7个不同的生态区域,依次为:Ⅰ.松辽平原西部及大兴安岭山地区,Ⅱ.辽河上游风沙区,Ⅲ.蒙古高原中、东部及冀西北山地区,Ⅳ.吕梁山、太行山、燕山山地区,Ⅴ.鄂尔多斯高原风沙区,Ⅵ.陕北、陇东黄土高原区,Ⅶ.陇中及青海高原东部黄土区.在上述分区的基础上,对以往文献报道中出现的适宜该区域生长和分布的乔、灌、草,包括乡土种和人工栽培或引种的外来种,按其生态习性分别进行了细致的甄别选择,并在文中择其精要予以列出. 相似文献