川西汉源-荥经地区下奥陶统大乘寺组的笔石

对川西汉源-荥经地区CYD2井下奥陶统弗洛阶大乘寺组的笔石进行研究,结果表明Baltograptus deflexus笔石带在这一覆盖区发育良好。CYD2井的该带笔石动物群共含2属5种。根据下垂对笔石类的始端发育型式,修正前人对波罗的笔石属(Baltograptus)和巅峰笔石属(Corymbograptus)内一些种的归属,并对CYD2井的5种笔石进行描述。可能受制于钻心标本的限制,该地区的Baltograptus deflexus带笔石动物群分异度较低。川西汉源-荥经-峨眉山地区的大乘寺组与上覆二叠系梁山组呈假整合接触,表明该地区长期遭受沉积间断和剥蚀作用,B.deflexus带的确定,指示了这一长期剥蚀作用的最大深度。     

川东南中奥陶统大沙坝组的腕足动物群

四川东南部长宁双河及其附近地区的中奥陶统上部大沙坝组以特殊的岩相和生物相有别于黔北的可比地层十字铺组和鄂西的牯牛潭组,地层中漂浮相化石(笔石)与底栖壳相化石(如腕足动物和三叶虫)多次交互出现,笔石动物属于上层下垂对笔石动物群(Didymograptus artus Fauna),时代为中奥陶世Darriwilian(相当于Arenig最晚期至Llanvirn)。在所采集的3300余枚化石标本中有近90％是腕足动物化石,经研究共鉴定出19属21种,分属于4目7超科15科,正形贝目和扭月贝目分别有8属,占全部属群的84％。根据属的生物地理分布,该动物群中广布型分子7属、区域性分子6属,仅限于华南的土著性分子占总量的31．6％,显示出此期华南腕足动物群具有较强的地方性色彩,进一步证实中奥陶世海洋生物强分区性的推断。该腕足动物群宜称作Saucrorthis-Glyptorthis动物群。在统计分析的基础上,识别出Saucrorthis-Glyptorthis群落,包括三个以腕足动物占优势的化石群集(association),即Glyptorthis?simplex群集、Saucrorthis obscura群集和Calyptolepta chengkouensis群集,并结合沉积岩石学以及其它共生化石门类进行群落生态分析,认为该群落所生活的环境以正常浅海砂泥质底域为主(相当于BA2-3)。与上扬子台地贵州遵义十字铺组和重庆城口厚坪组两个相近腕足动物群相比,长宁地区中奥陶世的Saucrorthis-Glyptorthis动物群更接近于厚坪组所产者。与世界上其它一些同期且具相似生态位的动物群相比,除与哈萨克斯坦南部的同期动物群比较接近外,与澳大利亚、北美、英国等地的同期动物群几乎毫无联系,指示华南中奥陶世腕足动物群可能代表一个独特的生物地理小区。     

广东台山早奥陶世新厂组的笔石

本文记述了早奥陶世早期新厂组标准剖面的笔石动物群,分出了上下两个笔石带:上部clonograputs-Adelograptus 带和下部Staurograptus-Anisograptus 带,并与国内外相应笔石带进行了对比。文中描述了6属14种,其中4个新种。     

贵州遵义高桥奥陶系湄潭组下部的笔石

对贵州遵义高桥大角寺剖面的奥陶系湄潭组下段和中段笔石的研究结果表明,湄潭组下段从下而上可以识别出Didymograptellus eobifidus带、Corymbograptellus deflexus带和Azygograptus suecicus带;中段含有一层笔石,缺少特征属种,根据其总体面貌,可能相当于Expansograptus hirundo带。文章描述其中11属16种:Pseudophyllograptus angustifolius(Hall),Phyllograptus claviger(Monsen),P.annaHall,Didymograptelluseobifidus(Chen and Xia),D.protoindentus(Monsen),Acrograptus kurcki(T rnquist),Corymbograptus vacil-lans(Tullberg,1880),C.deflexus(Elles and Wood),Expansograptus extensus(Hall),E.nitidus(Hall),Xi-phograptus lofuensis(Lee),X.cf.lofuensis(Lee),Azygograptus suecicusMoberg,Dictyonemasp.,Den-drograptussp.,Inocaulis plumulosusHall。这一笔石动物群分异度较低,大多数为上扬子区的常见属种,代表当时黔中古陆北缘近岸海洋环境中的笔石动物群面貌。     

华南五峰期笔石动物群的分异及缺氧环境

前言晚奥陶世五峰期,即Ashgill期的笔石动物群在我国南部特别发育,其分布范围包括从扬子流域至珠江流域的广大地区。这些地区在五峰期都属于同一个大地构造单元,即华南古板块。扬子地台五峰期的笔石最早由穆恩之教授(1945,1954)研究,近年来穆恩之等正在系统总结这一地区的五峰期笔石动物群,多年来他还提出了笔石动物群生态分异的概念(穆恩之,1974,1980,1983;Mu,1984)。从六十年代以来,笔者曾先后观察了不少华南晚奥陶世地层剖面,采集了笔石。这些丰富的笔石动物群和岩石地层的资料,使笔者感到深入认识和探讨这一动物群的分异以及黑色笔石页岩的特殊形成环境是很有必要的。本文涉及的材料中,仅对桂北兴安、临桂、赣南崇义古亭和浙西江山     

奥陶-志留系界线地层生物带的全球对比

详述扬子区晚奥陶世晚期(阿什极期)至兰多维列世初期的生物带序列,修正部分的笔石带,与全球各重要地区进行对比.研究表明,全球奥陶系顶部赫南特亚阶及其上下地层在我国的扬子区发育最好,地层连续发育并广泛出露,生物带发育齐全,不但有连续的笔石带,而且有世界广布的赫南特贝腕足动物群,有望在我国建立赫南特亚阶的全球层型剖面和点(GSSP).     

贵州思南奥陶纪末至志留纪初大息场组的笔石

贵州思南奥陶纪末至志留纪初大息场组的笔石研究结果表明,大息场组共产出笔石6属7种:Styracograptus chiai(Mu,1949),Normalograptus mirnyensis(Obut and Sobolevskaya,1967),Normalograptus ajjeri(Legrand,1977),Metaclimacograptus hughesi(Nicholson,1869),Avitograptus avitus(Davies,1929),Atavograptus atavus(Jones,1909)和Korenograptus laciniosus(Churkin and Carter,1970)。自下而上可识别出相当Dicellograptus complexus带、Akidograptus ascensus带和Cystograptus vesiculosus-Coronograptus cyphus带的3个含笔石地层带。虽然大息场组的笔石动物群分异度较低,但全都是上扬子区奥陶-志留系之交的常见属种,除S.chiai(Mu)之外,其它都是全球广布的物种。     

江苏仑山地区和湖北宜昌地区上奥陶统五峰组放射虫动物群

本文报道了江苏仑山岗岗山剖面和湖北宜昌黄花场宜黄-1井岩芯中晚奥陶世五峰组灰色、灰黑色硅质页岩和硅质岩中的放射虫动物群。通过对仑山和宜昌五峰组放射虫动物群的再研究,发现该放射虫动物群以空滴虫科(Inaniguttidae)放射虫发育为特点,丰度高,但分异度低、属种单调,仑山地区仅有一科、一属、两种,包括Inani-gutta webbyi和Inanigutta jiangsuensis。宜昌地区同样发现空滴虫科放射虫,但难以鉴定到属种。两个地区的化石整体保存状况较差。根据伴生的笔石化石判断该放射虫动物群时代为凯迪晚期至赫南特早期。动物群特征与凯迪早、中期放射虫动物群有一定差异。同时,在两地五峰组中还新发现一类分类位置待定的锥形疑似放射虫化石,具有一定的地层对比意义。     

奥陶—志留系界线地层生物全球对比

详述扬子区晚奥陶世晚期（阿什极期）至兰多维列世初期的生物带序列,修正部分的笔石带,与全球各重要地区进行对比,研究表明,全球奥陶系顶部赫南特亚阶及其上下地层在我国的扬子区发育最好,地层连续发展育并广泛出露,生物带发育齐全,不但有连续的笔石带,而且有世界广布的赫南特贝腕足动物群,有望在我国建立赫南特亚阶的全球层型剖面和点（ＧＳＳＰ）。     

志留纪笔石Oktavitesexcentricus(Bjerreskov,1975)的古生物学特征及地层意义*

陕西紫阳地区在古地理上位于扬子台地西北缘,区域内志留纪地层发育,其中志留系兰多维列统(Llandovery)特列奇阶(Telychian)笔石相地层出露较为完整,笔石带较为连续。Oktavites excentricus(Bjerreskov,1975)是特列奇阶Oktavites spiralis笔石带重要的伴生分子,在世界范围内广泛分布。文中通过对紫阳地区一系列特列奇阶剖面研究后认为,Oktavites excentricus较短的化石延限和广泛的古地理分布使其具备地层对比潜力,这将为Oktavites spiralis笔石带的进一步细分提供依据。同时,Oktavites excentricus胞管为典型的奥氏笔石式,其笔石体的盘旋方式又与稍晚的Cyrtograptus lapworthi(Tullberg,1883)(笔石带化石,弓笔石类的早期代表)十分接近,因此,对该种的演化过程的研究也为讨论弓笔石的起源过程提供了更多参考。     

Discovery of Anticostia uniformis from the Xiazhen Formation at Zhuzhai,South China and its stratigraphic implication

The Xiazhen Formation is an Upper Ordovician lithostratigraphic unit in the Jiangshan-Changshan-Yushan (JCY) area, which contains series of Late Ordovician reef successions. The reef successions of the Xiazhen Formation at Zhuzhai are critical for evaluation of the Late Ordovician marine diversity and palaeoecology. However, their age has long been uncertain and generally is regarded as of upper Katian, based on the occurrences of shelly fossils and correlation with the stratigraphic equivalent Changwu Formation. The newly discovered graptolite species Anticostia uniformis, in the Xiazhen Formation, together with the combined evidence of brachiopods and sedimentology, indicates an age range for the graptolite locality from the Dicellograptus complanatus Biozone to the Diceratograptus mirus Subzone of late Katian, but the graptolites do not rule out the possibility that it is Hirnantian.     

HIRNANTIAN (LATEST ORDOVICIAN) GRAPTOLITES FROM THE UPPER YANGTZE REGION, CHINA

Abstract:  The Upper Yangtze region yields a Hirnantian (latest Ordovician) graptolite fauna that includes 41 species assigned to 13 genera. This fauna is particularly important for understanding the Late Ordovician mass extinction event because it is the most diverse known from this interval. In addition, it records the survival, well into the Hirnantian, of many taxa of the Dicranograptidae-Diplograptidae-Orthograptidae (DDO) fauna, which was previously regarded as having gone extinct at the beginning of the Hirnantian. Taxa exhibiting six different astogenetic patterns, including taxa with reclined stipes, scandent, biserial, full-periderm and 'archiretiolitid' rhabdosome forms occur in the lower Normalograptus extraordinarius-N. ojsuensis Biozone. In contrast, in the upper N. persculptus Biozone only four genera remain, all but one of which are Normalograptidae: scandent and biserial taxa with Pattern H astogeny. Normalograptids are the dominant form of the succeeding, lower Rhuddanian, faunas. The Yangtze faunas also document the early expansion of normalograptids coeval with the decline of the DDO fauna. Many previously identified species considered endemic to China have been synonymized; 24 of the 41 species recorded here have been recognized elsewhere. No new taxa are described.     

安徽石台下、中奥陶统紫台组的牙形刺

下、中奥陶统紫台组以紫红色泥质灰岩、瘤状泥质灰岩为特征,具有稳定的空间分布范围,沿扬子台地东南缘呈条带状分布,与扬子台地上发育的湄潭组、大湾组等大致同期。作者研究了安徽石台栗阳柳树亭剖面紫台组的牙形刺,共描述19属23种,识别出四个牙形刺带,从下至上分别是Oepikodus evae带、Baltoniodus triangularis带、Baltoniodus navis带和Paroistodus originalis带,并可与同期笔石带对比。除扬子区外,紫台组还可与欧洲、阿根廷前科迪勒拉等地区的同期地层对比。     

Latest Ordovician graptolites from the Mandalay Region,Myanmar

The graptolite fauna of the Mandalay Region, Myanmar, is poorly known. In this paper, 13 species in the genera Avitograptus, Korenograptus, Metabolograptus, Neodiplograptus and Normalograptus are described from the uppermost Ordovician strata of the area. Two of these species, Korenograptus selectus X. Chen n. sp. and Neodiplograptus mandalayensis X. Chen n. sp., are new. On the basis of the graptolite faunas, a biostratigraphic scheme for the uppermost Ordovician (Hirnantian: Metabolograptus extraordinarius Biozone and Metabolograptus? persculptus Biozone?) strata in this area is erected.     

新疆乌什下寒武统肖尔布拉克组软舌螺化石

首次描述了采自新疆乌什县乌什磷矿肖尔布拉克组中部Kepingaspis-Tianshanocephalus带中的2个软舌螺新种Conotheca xinjiangensis sp.nov.,Nitorcornus wushiensis sp.nov.和下部Ushbaspis带中的1个软舌螺未定种Adyshevitheca?sp.。这些软舌螺化石材料为研究新疆乌什地区下寒武统中部地层与邻区相当层位的对比提供了新的证据,认为肖尔布拉克组中部2个三叶虫化石带和其中的软舌螺化石相当于我国扬子地台下寒武统沧浪铺阶中部,即乌龙箐亚阶和红井哨亚阶之间,可与俄罗斯西伯利亚和哈萨克斯坦下寒武统波特姆阶(Botomian)中的三叶虫带Ushbaspis和软舌螺带Erraticornus-Nitorcornus带对比。     

海南岛早志留世晚期腕足类Xinanospirifer的发现--兼论南好组

海南岛保亭县毛感乡南兵至南好公路边南好组以往被确认为下石炭统岩关阶 ,并认为与其下的上志留统足赛岭组呈角度不整合接触。著者最近在该剖面南好组中发现兰多维列世特里奇期晚期 (LateTelychian)Xi nanospirifer腕足动物群和三叶虫Latiproetuscf.latilimbatus,证明久归于下石炭统岩关阶南好组的地质时代应改归于早志留世 (Llandoverian) ;海南岛地区在早志留世明显属于扬子地台区的范畴 ;从地质时间上还暗示南好组与其下伏的足赛岭组不可能存在角度不整合接触 ;     

A chitinozoan morphological lineage and its importance in Lower Silurian stratigraphy

Margachitina margaritana is a distinctive, chain-forming chitinozoan taxon of the uppermost Telychian Stage (Llandovery Series) to lower Homerian Stage (Wenlock Series). M. margaritana is shown to be the end member of a morphological lineage that developed from Calpichitina densa via the intermediate Margachitina banwyensis sp. nov. A local M. banwyensis Biozone, which correlates with the upper lapworthi graptolite Biozone, is proposed for the Banwy River section. The morphological lineage described provides a tool for the enhanced subdivision of the uppermost Llandovery Series, which may prove global in extent. This research suggests also that the base of the Wenlock Series may correlate with a level below the centrifugus graptolite Biozone and it also brings into question the systematic status of Calpichitina and Margachitina, although both genera are retained herein.     

Integrated Silurian Chitinozoan and Graptolite Biostratigraphy of the Banwy River Section, Wales

The succession of 38 upper Llandovery–lower Wenlock chitinozoan taxa from graptolitic horizons in the Banwy River section (Powys, Wales) is described. Five new species are named: Bursachitina nestorae Conochitina leviscapulae Conochitina mathrafalensis Belonechitina cavei Belonechitina meifodensis . A further ten taxa are described under open nomenclature. Seven chitinozoan biozones are recognized in the Banwy River section, three of which ( Cingulochitina bouniensis Conochitina acuminata Salopochitina bella ) are new. The base of each biozone is correlated with the graptolite biostratigraphical scheme as follows: Angochitina longicollis Biozone — upper spiralis Biozone; Conochitina acuminata Biozone — lowermost lapworthi Biozone; Margachitina banwyensis Biozone — upper lapworthi Biozone; Margachitina margaritana Biozone — lowermost insectus Biozone; Cingulochitina bouniensis Biozone — upper murchisoni Biozone; Salopochitina bella Biozone — upper firmus Biozone. The succession of chitinozoan biozones in the Banwy River section is compared with that in other sections which have graptolite biostratigraphical control. This has highlighted the following: (1) the correlation of the base of the dolioliformis Biozone with the graptolite biozonation is imprecise; (2) E. dolioliformis is recorded only from levels after the first A. longicollis in Sweden (although this may reflect previously unrecognized synonymies); (3) the longicollis Biozone may be diachronous, its base correlating with levels low in the Telychian in Sweden, Norway and Estonia and with the upper Telychian spiralis Biozone in Wales and the Prague Basin; (4) data herein and from the Prague Basin indicate that the base of the margaritana Biozone correlates with a level low in the insectus Biozone.