辽宁朝阳和大连发现噪鹃

正噪鹃(Eudynamys scolopaceus)隶属于鹃形目(Cuculiformes)杜鹃科(Cuculidae),是一种专性巢寄生鸟类。在我国共分布有华南亚种E.s.chinensis和海南亚种E.s.harterti两个亚种,海南亚种目前只分布于海南,留鸟;华南亚种分布比较广泛,在北纬35°以南大部分地区都有分布,为夏候鸟(约翰·马敬能等2000),在河南、陕     

东方田鼠的一新亚种——福建亚种

东方田鼠(Microtus fortis Buchner,1889)在我国有三个地理亚种:指名亚种(M.fortis fortis Buchner,1889)(分布于陕西、甘肃),华南亚种(M.fortis calamorum Thomas,1911)(分布于长江下游)和东方亚种(M.fortis pelliceus Thomas,1911)(分布于黑龙江、吉林)。作者于1957年先后在福建西北部的建阳、建瓯等地采到一批东方田鼠标本,     

河北鸟类新纪录--草鸮

2004年春季,笔者与学生在河北省海兴县东部沿海湿地(东经117°30′,北纬38°09′)进行鸟类环志时,于5月7日晚22时,在网位高0.8 m处捕获一只成年雌性草鸮华南亚种(Tyto capensis chinensis),同时捕获的还有环颈鸮华东亚种(Charadrius alexandrinus dealbatus)和泽鹬(Tringa stagnatilis).由于草鸮体质较弱而未环志放飞,8日带回沧州市野生动物救护中心,并对其进行体检,体检时发现其口腔已严重感染,从口腔中取出27条线虫,5月11日夜间突然死亡,经解剖又在其体腔内发现2条线虫、胃内3条线虫、十二指肠内1条线虫,体腔内的2条线虫与口腔、胃和肠中的线虫明显不同,虫种有待进一步鉴定.     

树鼩(Tupaia belangeri Wagner)三个亚种的染色体比较研究

本文对中国西南部树鼩(Tupaia belangeri)三个亚种的染色体特征进行了详细比较。结果表明滇西亚种(T.b.chinensis),越北亚种(T.b.tonquinia)和瑶山亚种(T.b.yaoshanensis)的染色体数目均为62:G带和C带基本相似;Ag-NORs的数目相同(4—6个),有相似的分布。应用复制带的技术,确定了雄性树鼩的Y染色体。本结果为树鼩的分类鉴定提供了细胞遗传学依据。     

东方田鼠长江亚种和指名亚种基因组DNA序列比较分析

根据东方田鼠基因组DNA序列片段(CenBank登录号：AF277394),通过PCR方法扩增东方田鼠长江亚种(Microtus fortis calamorum)和宁夏指名亚种(Microtus fortis fortis)基因组DNA,得到-670bp左右的特异扩增片段。将PCR扩增产物克隆到pGEM-Teasy裁体,进行DNA序列分析,并用生物信息学方法比较东方田鼠长江亚种与指名亚种之间该序列的差异。结果表明：在东方田鼠两个亚种中共发现19个不同的等位基因,不同的个体在该序列存在广泛的单个核苷酸多态性(SNP),多态性位点多达25个;变换类型包括：转换(G→A、A→G、T→C、C→T)、颠换(G→T、A→T、T→A、C→A)、插入(CA)和缺失(TGTTTT)。东方田鼠长江亚种和指名亚种两个种群之间存在明显差别,尤其是在146、192、223、224、235位,但两种群间同源性仍高达98％。同时采用系统发育树(phylogenetic tree)分析方法,对两个亚种的亲缘关系进行了分析和比较,结果显示,东方田鼠长江亚种和宁夏指名亚种基因组DNA明显的分为两大组别。     

山东日照发现草鸮

长江以北鸟类新纪录——草鸮(Tytu captnsis)1984年11月在山东日照市陈疃乡发现。草鸮,又名猴面鹰,属鸮形目、草鸮科、草鸮属,是一种罕见的夜行性猛禽。资料记载,它分布于非洲、印度、菲律宾、澳大利亚、日本以及我国长江以南的福建、安徽、广东、湖南、云南、浙江和台湾等地。这次在日照发现的六只草鸮,是正在育雏的一窝鸟。除两只亲鸟飞走外,其余     

三道眉草鹏的核型研究

三道眉草鸭(Emberiza cioides Brandt）属雀形目（Passeriformes),雀科（Fringillidae),分布于西伯利亚东南部、日本及我国的大部地区。在我国已有3个亚种的分化。这个种的核型尚未见报道。最近,我们对分布于长江中下游地区的亚种— E. C. Castanctceps Moore作了核型分析,兹报道如下。     

甘肃莲花山四川林鸮初步观察

四川林鸮(Strix davidi)是中国特产鸟类,目前已知仅分布于四川西部、甘肃南部的高山针叶林中,其生态学资料极为缺乏,尚无其巢址的报道。1866年法国博物学家Armand David首次在四川的森林中猎获了这种鸮类;1875年,Sharpe将它命名为长尾林鸮的一个亚种S.uralensis davidi。四川林     

三道眉草鹀的核型研究

三道眉草鹀(Emberiza cioides Brandt)属雀形目(Passeriformes),雀科(Fringillidae),分布于西伯利亚东南部、日本及我国的大部地区。在我国已有3个亚种的分化。这个种的核型尚未见报道。最近,我们对分布于长江中下     

浙江千岛湖黄腿渔鸮的繁殖记录

<正>黄腿渔鸮(Ketupa flavipes)隶属于鸮形目鸱鸮科,1836年由英国博物学家Brian Houghton Hodgson在尼泊尔发现并命名。为单型种,无亚种分化。分布范围从喜马拉雅山脉延伸至中南半岛东部、中国大陆中南部及台湾,我国主要见于东部、中部和南部。在云南、贵州、四川、重庆、湖北、湖南、安徽、江西、江苏、上海、浙江、福建、广东、广西和台湾等地有记录(郑光美2011),均为留鸟。黄腿渔鸮为我国国家Ⅱ级重点保护动物;在IUCN     

Egg morphology of Swift Terns in South Africa

Morphology of Swift Tern Thalasseus bergii bergii eggs was examined on Robben Island, South Africa. A recently formed colony was found abandoned en masse, probably following human disturbance, and 146 freshly laid eggs were collected. The mean±SD nest density was 7±2.5 nests m?2 and 3% of nests contained two eggs. Eggs ranged in shape from oval to pyriform and displayed black markings (blotched, streaked, scrawled or speckled) overlaying the eggs’ colour. The mean length and width of a sample of 105 eggs was 62.2?mm (56.3–66.9?mm) and 42.3?mm (39.8–45.3?mm), respectively. All collected eggs were weighed and the mean mass was 57.9±3.72?g. Estimated volume of eggs was calculated to be 56.3±3.74 cm3. This is the first report of mass measurements obtained from freshly laid eggs Swift Tern eggs and provides insight on egg morphology, for which knowledge is limited for this species.     

桂西南褐翅鸦鹃的孵卵行为与节律

2016年3~6月,在广西西南部龙州县弄岗村(22°26′35.20′′~22°30′46.90′′N,106°57′46.35′′~107°03′32.99′′E),通过野外观察和自动温度记录仪相结合的方法对褐翅鸦鹃(Centropus sinensis)的孵卵行为与节律进行了研究。结果表明,1)褐翅鸦鹃边筑巢边产卵,每2 d产1枚卵,卵长径和短径分别为(36.11±0.42)mm和(28.46±0.38)mm,卵重(16.35±0.51)g(n=44枚)。窝卵数3~5枚,孵卵期为(16.75±1.65)d(n=4巢),孵化率为45.45%(n=44枚)。孵卵期与窝卵数之间无显著相关性(r=0.865,P0.05);2)白天双亲共同参与孵卵,夜晚则由其中1只负责。夜间亲鸟的在巢时间从19时左右持续至翌日晨6时左右;3)亲鸟采取离巢次数少和离巢时间长的孵卵策略。亲鸟日活动时间在700 min以上(n=45 d),日离巢次数为(8.82±0.34)次(n=45 d),平均每次离巢持续时间为(52.91±2.35)min(n=397次),每次离巢持续时间与环境温度呈显著负相关关系(r=﹣0.113,P0.05);4)巢内平均孵卵温度为(31.7±0.3)℃(n=4巢),随孵卵天数增加而增加,并与环境温度(最高温r=0.566,最低温r=0.537,平均温r=0.706,P0.01)和日活动时间正相关(r=0.506,P0.01);5)有延迟孵卵行为。延迟孵卵期间夜晚巢内最低温是22.1℃。在桂西南北热带气候环境中,高的环境温度是保障褐翅鸦鹃孵卵成功的主要因素之一。     

Nesting ecology of a naturalized population of Mallards Anas platyrhynchos in New Zealand

Investigating the reproductive ecology of naturalized species provides insights into the role of the source population's characteristics vs. post‐release adaptation that influence the success of introduction programmes. Introduced and naturalized Mallards Anas platyrhynchos are widely established in New Zealand (NZ), but little is known regarding their reproductive ecology. We evaluated the nesting ecology of female Mallards at two study sites in NZ (Southland and Waikato) in 2014–15. We radiotagged 241 pre‐breeding females with abdominal‐implant transmitters and measured breeding incidence, nesting chronology and re‐nesting propensity. We monitored 271 nests to evaluate nest survival, clutch and egg size, egg hatchability and partial clutch depredation. Breeding incidence averaged (mean ± se) 0.91 ± 0.03, clutch size averaged 9.9 ± 0.1 eggs, 94 ± 2% of eggs hatched in successful nests, partial depredation affected 6 ± 1% of eggs in clutches that were not fully destroyed by predators, and re‐nesting propensity following failure of nests or broods was 0.50 ± 0.003. Nesting season (first nest initiated to last nest hatched) lasted 4.5 months and mean initiation date of first detected nest attempts was 28 August ± 3.3 days. Smaller females were less likely to nest, but older, larger or better condition females nested earlier, re‐nested more often and laid larger clutches than did younger, smaller or poorer condition females. Younger females in Southland had higher nest survival; cumulative nest survival ranged from 0.25 ± 0.007 for adult females in Waikato to 0.50 ± 0.007 for yearling females in Southland. Compared with Mallards in their native range, the nesting season in NZ was longer, clutches and eggs were larger, and nest survival was generally greater. Different predators and climate, introgression with native heterospecifics and/or the sedentary nature of Mallards in NZ may have contributed to these differences.     

凹唇壁蜂的营巢生物学研究

凹唇壁蜂Osmia excavata Alfken是我国早春果园重要的野生传粉昆虫,具有重要的农业价值.本研究分别在山东烟台、江西赣州和重庆沙坪坝地区利用人工放养滞育状态下的凹唇壁蜂成虫,并通过野外观察和室内解剖该蜂的筑巢巢管,系统研究了该蜂的筑巢习性、访花行为、日活动规律和生活史等营巢生物学及相关生物学特性.结果表明...     

OBSERVATIONS AT A NEST OF THE CUCKOO-ROLLER LEPTOSOMUS DISCOLOR

A nest-cavity with two nestlings of Leptosomus discolor, found in the Comoro Islands in October 1965, are described. This is apparently the first time that nesting has been observed. The nest was in a natural cavity in a tree growing in light secondary forest. Both nestlings still had traces of their original white down, even though they were nearly fully-feathered. Apart from two thick tufts of white down on the hind-crown, the plumage appeared very like that of the adult male. Fragments of egg-shell were found in the nest. They suggest that the original eggs were rather rounded, of a pale unmarked creamy-buff, slightly glossed, measuring about 46 ± 5 ± 37 ± 5 mm. During six hours observation at the nest the birds made five visits and brought six chameleons (no other food was seen). The female fed the young, but the male accompanied her. She did not enter the nest, except on one occasion. Details of this visit are given in full, being particularly remarkable for the tameness of the female. The threat-display of the young is described and possible predators mentioned. Several calls are described, some apparently for the first time. It seems likely that most prey is caught above ground-level. The evidence suggests that the birds are monogamous, not polyandrous as has been suggested.     

Breeding success of the Eurasian eagle owl (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Bubo bubo</Emphasis>) and rodent population dynamics

The dependence of the breeding success of the eagle owl on the population dynamics of rodents, which are a staple of its diet in Mordovia, was traced. At peak numbers of rodents, large clutches and a high survival rate of fledglings were observed in the breeding pairs; after a year of depression of rodent populations, in the following year, the pairs do not nest at all or their breeding success is reduced to a minimum due to the death of the clutches. In 52% of the cases, the nesting pairs laid three eggs; in 31%, two eggs; in 9%, four eggs; in 4%, one egg or five eggs. The average clutch size was 2.78 ± 0.17. The average number of chicks grown from a successful nest was 2.41 ± 0.27. The nests in Mordovia were located at a distance of 1.1–3.7 km from residential areas.     

Unusual incubation rhythms the Spotted Barbtail, Premnoplex brunnescens

The Spotted Barbtail (Premnoplex brunnescens) inhabits the understory of humid montane forests in Central and South America. Apart from basic information on eggs and nest form, little has been published on its breeding ecology. Using temperature sensors in nest cups, I have collected data on the diurnal patterns of egg-coverage from three nests in eastern Ecuador and reveal a remarkable incubation rhythm. After providing near-constant coverage during the morning, adults leave the eggs unattended for most of the afternoon, returning to the nest only in the late afternoon. The mean duration (±standard deviation) of this period of absence, across the entire incubation period at three nests, was 6.4 ± 1.9 h. These results are discussed in relation to their physiological and ecological significance.     

Factors influencing reproductive performance of northern bobwhite in South Florida

Reproductive success is a critical component of individual fitness, and also an important determinant of growth rates of populations characterized by early maturity and high fecundity. We used radiotelemetry data collected during 2003–2008 to estimate reproductive parameters in a declining northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) population in South Florida, and to test hypotheses regarding factors influencing these parameters. The overall clutch size was 12.10 ± 0.22, but females laid more eggs in their first clutch (12.43 ± 0.24) than in subsequent clutches (10.19 ± 0.53) within a nesting season. Daily nest survival was higher for first (0.966 ± 0.003) than subsequent nests (0.936 ± 0.011). Hatchability (proportion of laid eggs that hatched conditional upon nest survival to hatching) was 0.853 ± 0.008, but was higher for nests incubated by females (0.873 ± 0.009) than those incubated by males (0.798 ± 0.018). The proportion of individuals attempting a second nest was 0.112 ± 0.024 and 0.281 ± 0.040 when the first nest was successful and failed, respectively. Hatchability was lower when the nesting habitat was burned the previous winter. We found no evidence that food strip density (a management practice to provide supplemental food) influenced any of the reproductive parameters. Mean summer temperature affected hatchability, nest survival, and proportion of nests incubated by males. Overall, the reproductive output in our study population was lower than that reported for most other bobwhite populations, indicating that low reproductive performance may have contributed to bobwhite population declines in our study site. These results suggest that current management practices, particularly those related to habitat and harvest management, need careful evaluation.     

Proceedings of the New Zealand Society for Parasitology Inc.

Abstract

A study of the nesting habits and breeding biology of blue penguin Eudyptula minor was undertaken over the 1995–96 and 1996–97 breeding seasons on Matiu‐Somes Island, Wellington, New Zealand. Male and female blue penguins tended to be faithful to both mates and nest sites, although there was insufficient evidence to detect any association between a bird's breeding success in 1995 and a subsequent change of mate or nest in 1996. Over the 1995 and 1996 seasons the recorded hatching success (0.51 ±0.11 and 0.63 ± 0.10 respectively), fledging success (0.81 ±0.12 and 0.85 ±0.10 respectively) and reproductive success (0.41 + 0.11 and 0.54 ± 0.11 respectively) were similar each season. There was no significant difference between the proportion of eggs laid, or eggs hatched and chicks fledged, between the two seasons. The mean number of chicks raised over the two seasons was 0.94 ± 0.05 per nest. Replacement clutches were laid by 11 per cent of failed breeders in each season, but only in 1996 were they successful in fledging chicks.

No significant difference was found between the breeding success of the Matiu‐Somes Island blue penguin colony recorded during this study and a previous study undertaken on the island 40 years ago.     

Influence of a raised slatted area in front of the nest on leg health,mating behaviour and floor eggs in broiler breeders

European farms for broiler breeders often have raised slatted areas in front of the nests, but in other regions of the world no raised slatted areas are provided. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a raised slatted area on leg health, mating behaviour and floor laying behaviour. Ten groups of 33 broiler breeder hens and three males were housed in two pen types: with or without a raised slatted area in front of the nests. Each pen had one plastic and one wooden nest. Between 25 and 31 weeks of age, ten marked hens per pen were weighed and assessed weekly on foot pad dermatitis, hock burn and wounds. At the end of week 31, animals were euthanized and bone strength of the tibia and humerus of these individuals was assessed. At 24, 27 and 30 weeks of age, mating behaviour was observed for an hour per pen, noting both numbers of successful and unsuccessful copulations. The number of eggs laid in the nests and on the floor was recorded daily between 20 and 31 weeks of age. Foot pad dermatitis scores were affected by age, but not by pen type. Generally, there were only minor issues with foot pad dermatitis (scores < 11 on a 0–100 scale), probably due to the young age of the hens. Body weight was not affected by pen type, while the prevalence of hock burns was too low to analyse and no difference in bone strength was found for the tibia and the humerus. Overall, mating behaviour was less frequent in pens with raised slats than in pens without raised slats (29 ± 2 vs 35 ± 3 times/h) and more frequent at 27 weeks of age than at 24 and 30 weeks of age (38 ± 1 vs 31 ± 4 and 27 ± 2 times/h). The pens with raised slats had a lower percentage of floor eggs than pens without raised slats (11.2 ± 0.4 vs 19.3 ± 0.5%). The wooden nest was preferred over the plastic nest as on average 63% of the eggs were laid in the wooden nest. This study shows that providing raised slats decreases mating behaviour and percentage of floor eggs, although its effects on leg health remain inconclusive.