枸杞蔗糖磷酸合成酶基因的克隆及组织表达分析

利用RT-PCR及RACE技术,从药用植物枸杞中克隆了1个编码蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)基因的全长cDNA,命名为LbSPS(GenBank登录号KC834608)。序列分析表明:LbSPS基因长3 677bp,开放阅读框为3 165bp,编码1 033个氨基酸,分子量为118.457 5kD,理论等电点6.05。系统进化分析显示,LbSPS编码的氨基酸序列与甜瓜、马铃薯、番茄等蔗糖磷酸合成酶基因编码氨基酸序列一致性为66%~98%。qRT-PCR分析显示,LbSPS基因在枸杞花中表达量最高,叶中表达水平较低。该研究为进一步了解LbSPS在枸杞生长发育、逆境胁迫等过程中的生物学功能奠定了基础。     

巴西橡胶树HbCMT1的克隆与表达分析

通过PCR和RACE技术克隆获得了巴西橡胶树染色质甲基化酶(CMT,chromomethylase)基因(Hb CMT1)。Hb CMT1全长2697 bp,含有2556 bp的阅读框,编码851个氨基酸。推测Hb CMT1分子量为95.67 k D,等电点为5.38,氨基酸序列与可可、烟草、葡萄、黄瓜、鹰嘴豆和拟南芥等CMT家族成员的同源性分别为66%、51%、50%、56%、53%和50%。定量PCR分析表明Hb CMT1在巴西橡胶树的根、树皮、叶、胶乳中均有表达,其中在叶中表达量最高,在胶乳中表达量最低。此外Hb CMT1在橡胶树自根幼态无性系胶乳中的表达量比老态无性系胶乳中的低。     

铁皮石斛蔗糖磷酸合成酶基因的克隆与原核表达

应用同源序列克隆法克隆了铁皮石斛蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)基因cDNA全长,并进行了原核表达分析,为进一步研究该基因的时空表达、功能分析及多糖合成机理提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)铁皮石斛SPS基因cDNA全长3 502bp,编码区3 186bp,GenBank登录号JF423929。该基因编码1 061个氨基酸,与文心兰的SPS基因氨基酸序列的一致性最高为93%,与其他科植物SPS基因的氨基酸序列的一致性均高于60%。(2)原核诱导表达结果显示,SPS基因在大肠杆菌中的重组蛋白分子质量约为118.7kD,其表达与序列分析推测的结论一致。(3)生物信息学分析表明,铁皮石斛SPS基因的二级结构包括了螺旋、β-折叠和无规则卷曲,是非跨膜结构的亲水性不稳定蛋白,有2个功能结构域,分别是蔗糖合成功能域及糖基转移功能域。     

杧果蔗糖合成酶MiSS基因的克隆与表达分析

为克隆杧果(Mangifera indica L.)蔗糖合成酶基因序列,预测其编码蛋白特性,阐明其在果实发育过程中的表达规律和作用.本研究采用同源克隆法和RACE技术克隆了1个编码蔗糖合成酶基因的全长cDNA,命名为MiSS,其cDNA全长2110 bp,开放阅读框为1455 bp,编码484个氨基酸,相对分子量为55.3 kD,理论等电点为6.08.系统进化分析显示,MiSS基因编码的氨基酸序列与温州蜜柑(Citrus unshiu)、荔枝(Litchi chinensis)、龙眼(Dimocarpus longan)氨基酸序列一致性为90％～93％.RT-qPCR分析显示,MiSS基因表达量呈现先上升后下降的趋势,且果实发育各时期果皮内MiSS基因表达量均显著高于果肉,综合分析MiSS基因可能与淀粉的合成密切相关.本研究为进一步了解MiSS基因在杧果蔗糖代谢过程中的作用以及从分子角度阐明植物生长调节剂对杧果蔗糖代谢的影响机理奠定了理论和技术基础.     

德国小蠊两个海藻糖合成酶基因的克隆、组织分布及温度诱导表达分析

【目的】海藻糖合成酶（trehalose-6-phosphate synthase, TPS）是参与昆虫血糖-海藻糖合成的关键酶。本研究旨在克隆德国小蠊 Blattella germanica TPS基因,研究TPS基因在德国小蠊不同组织中的表达模式及在不同温度处理下的表达情况。【方法】通过RACE技术克隆德国小蠊TPS基因全长序列,利用荧光定量PCR的方法检测TPS基因在德国小蠊5龄幼虫不同组织中的表达模式及在高温(40℃和46℃处理30 min)及低温(0℃和10℃处理1 h)逆境下的表达量变化。【结果】从德国小蠊中克隆获得2个TPS基因,分别命名为 BgTPS1 (GenBank登录号：KR050213) 和 BgTPS2 (GenBank登录号：KR050214)。其中,BgTPS1基因cDNA序列全长2 987 bp,开放阅读框 (ORF) 2 502 bp,编码833个氨基酸;BgTPS2基因cDNA序列全长3 212 bp,开放阅读框2 469 bp,编码822个氨基酸。BgTPS1和BgTPS2基因都主要在5龄幼虫脂肪体中表达,且BgTPS2基因的表达量为BgTPS1基因表达量的3.9倍。在两种不同极端温度诱导下,BgTPS1和BgTPS2基因mRNA均上调表达。其中,BgTPS2 的表达量始终显著高于 BgTPS1。在0℃时,BgTPS1和BgTPS2的表达量最高。【结论】德国小蠊5龄幼虫中存在2个TPS基因。两个TPS基因均在脂肪体中高表达,且BgTPS2基因的表达量显著高于BgTPS1基因;低温和高温诱导下均能促进两个基因的表达量上升。该结果为进一步明确昆虫海藻糖的合成途径及其在昆虫对温度逆境的反应中的作用研究奠定了基础。     

稻纵卷叶螟几丁质合成酶及合成通路相关酶基因的鉴定及表达分析

【目的】稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis medinalis(Guenee)是水稻上的四大害虫之一,危害较为严重,近年来以几丁质合成和代谢过程作为害虫防治的标靶研究已成为热点。为阐明几丁质合成酶及合成通路上关键酶的作用,本研究开展了对稻纵卷叶螟几丁质合成酶及合成相关通路上关键酶的克隆及时空表达分析。【方法】本研究基于稻纵卷叶螟转录组,结合PCR及RACE技术,克隆了几丁质合成酶代谢通路上的4条基因的c DNA全长;利用生物信息学软件对序列进行结构预测、序列比对和进化分析;采用实时定量PCR技术研究了4条基因在不同虫态和幼虫的不同组织中的表达情况。【结果】获得了2条几丁质合成酶序列及2条合成通路上的基因序列,包括几丁质合成酶A(Chitin synthase A,CHSA),几丁质合成酶B(Chitin synthase B,CHSB),N-乙酰葡糖胺磷酸变位酶(Phosphoacetylglucosamine mutase,PGM和UDP-N-乙酰葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase,UAP),并分别命名为Cm CHSA、Cm CHSB、Cm PGM和Cm UAP;序列分析显示Cm CHSA序列全长4 868 bp,编码1 564个氨基酸。Cm CHSB序列全长4 651 bp,编码1 525个氨基酸。Cm PGM全长1 934 bp,编码548个氨基酸。Cm UAP序列全长1 837 bp,编码487个氨基酸。实时定量研究表明,Cm UAP和Cm PGM在血淋巴中表达量最高,Cm CHSA在头部和表皮中表达量较高,而Cm CHSB在中肠中表达量最高。【结论】本研究得到了稻纵卷叶螟几丁质合成路径的4个关键酶基因c DNA全长,它们在稻纵卷叶螟的不同组织和虫态中呈现了差异显著的时空表达,本文为进一步探究稻纵卷叶螟的几丁质合成酶的生理功能和几丁质的合成代谢途径奠定了基础。     

基因组步移技术克隆思茅松α-蒎烯合成酶基因及表达分析

蒎烯合成酶(α-pinene synthase, APS)是α-蒎烯生物合成的关键酶。本研究利用同源克隆及基因组步移法从思茅松中克隆得到一个α-蒎烯合成酶基因,命名为PkAPS (GenBank登录号为KX394684),基因全长3 523 bp,含有10个内含子,其c DNA全长1 956 bp,编码651个氨基酸残基。生物信息学分析显示PkAPS属于萜烯合成酶家族蛋白;系统进化树分析显示PkAPS与马尾松α-蒎烯合成酶亲缘关系最近。基因表达分析显示:PkAPS在高产脂思茅松个体各组织的表达量均高于低产产脂思茅松个体;而在高产脂思茅松不同组织中的表达比较中,PkAPS在小枝中的表达量最高。本研究将有利于进一步研究思茅松α-蒎烯合成酶调控机理及培育高产α-蒎烯思茅松新品种的研究。     

巴西橡胶树importin和exportin基因的克隆及其乙烯响应规律分析

为了解巴西橡胶树(Hevea brasiliensis)中importin和exportin基因的功能,采用RACE技术从巴西橡胶树中克隆了他们的c DNA全长,分别命名为Hb IMP和Hb XPO。结果表明,Hb IMP全长4170 bp,编码1115个氨基酸;Hb XPO全长4108 bp,编码1081个氨基酸。Hb IMP和Hb XPO分别与importin5和exportin1A亚家族的同源性最高。Hb IMP包含18个外显子,17个内含子,而Hb XPO包含30个外显子,29个内含子,且在上游调控序列中都存在乙烯响应元件ERELEE4和LECPLEACS2。在无乙烯刺激情况下,Hb IMP和Hb XPO在根、茎、叶、皮中有表达,但在胶乳中几乎检测不到表达;乙烯处理后Hb IMP和Hb XPO在胶乳中被明显诱导表达。因此,推测Hb IMP和Hb XPO参与了乙烯诱导蛋白出入细胞核的转运。     

乙烯利诱导胶乳基因HbEtIe的克隆与表达分析

在成功构建巴西橡胶树(Hevea brasiliensis)胶乳差异表达cDNA消减文库的基础上,利用RACE技术成功克隆了一个新的乙烯利诱导表达胶乳基因HbEtIe。分析表明,该基因含有1个158 bp的内含子和2个长度分别为92 bp和178 bp的外显子;cDNA全长551 bp,包含1个270 bp的完整阅读框,174 bp的3′-UTR和107 bp的5′-UTR,推导氨基酸序列中含有一个未知功能结构域DUF581。HbEtIe基因在乙烯利刺激条件下的胶乳中特异性表达并受到乙烯利的调控,其表达量随处理时间的延长而增强。HbEtIe基因与拟南芥衰老相关基因SAG102具有较高的同源性暗示,HbEtIe可能参与了乙烯利诱导巴西橡胶树乳管衰老的分子调控。     

巴西橡胶树HbAIH基因的克隆及表达分析

鲱精胺亚胺水解酶(Agmatine iminohydrolase,AIH)是植物通过精氨酸途径合成多胺过程中的重要酶之一。本研究首次从巴西橡胶树中克隆了AIH基因HbAIH。序列分析结果表明HbAIH全长1 462 bp,开放阅读框长为1 137 bp,编码378个氨基酸。预测 HbAIH 蛋白的分子量是42.28 kD,等电点为5.09,是一个亲水性蛋白。氨基酸相似性比对结果表明HbAIH与大戟科木薯MeAIH、蓖麻RcAIH和麻风树JcAIH等具有很高相似性,且含有植物AIH中高度保守的与酶活性位点形成和参与底物结合的11个氨基酸位点。qRT-PCR 分析表明,HbAIH表达无组织特异性,在雌花中表达量最高,树皮、茎尖、胶乳、叶片和雄花中表达量依次降低。HbAIH在不同发育时期叶片中的表达存在变化,稳定期表达量最低,淡绿期最高,说明HbAIH可能参与橡胶树叶片发育过程。此外,低温、干旱、高盐、过氧化氢、乙烯利、茉莉酸甲酯处理以及橡胶树死皮的发生均能引起HbAIH表达变化。这些结果说明HbAIH可能参与了橡胶树生长发育、产排胶调控及逆境应答过程。     

Cloning, characterization and expression analysis of a sucrose synthase gene from tropical epiphytic orchid Oncidium Goldiana

A full-length cDNA encoding sucrose synthase was isolated from the tropical epiphytic orchid Oncidium Goldiana. The cDNA is 2829 bp in length containing an open reading frame of 2447 bp encoding 816 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 93.1 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence of O . Goldiana sucrose synthase ( Osus ) shares more than 80% identity with those from other monocotyledonous plants. The sucrose synthase gene was demonstrated to encode a functional sucrose synthase protein by expression as recombinant protein in Escherichia coli . The Osus mRNA is present in all the tissues analysed, with the highest levels in strong sinks such as developing inflorescence and root tips. Incubation with sucrose or glucose resulted in a significant increase in the steady-state Osus mRNA levels in root tips and mature leaves in a similar pattern to maize Sus1 . Expression of the Osus mRNA in mature leaves was markedly enhanced by anaerobic conditions and elevated CO₂. The expression pattern and regulation of the gene suggest that the sucrose synthase plays an important role in the growth and development of the tropical epiphytic orchid O . Goldiana.     

茶树CsCBF1基因克隆和转录活性分析

采用RACE技术克隆了一个受冷诱导的茶树CBF基因全长cDNA,命名为CsCBF1(GenBank登录号为EU563238)。CsCBF1cDNA全长序列为1 211bp,开放阅读框编码259个氨基酸。氨基酸序列分析表明,CsCBF1具有CBF家族典型的保守结构域,与其他植物的CBF具有较高的相似性;与拟南芥、辣椒和橡胶树编码的CBF相似性分别为56%、63%和56%。亚细胞定位结果表明,CsCBF1位于细胞核内。分别将10个CsCBF1缺失突变体与GAL4DNA结合域融合的结果显示,CsCBF1的羧基末端酸性结构域(第137位氨基酸至259位氨基酸)在酵母中具有转录激活活性。实时定量RT-PCR分析表明,CsCBF1基因受低温的快速诱导表达。     

赤桉ACT1和ACT2基因的克隆与生物信息学分析

为了解赤桉(Eucalyptus camaldulensis)肌动蛋白(Actin)在生长发育过程中的功能,根据赤桉幼苗转录组数据库中的肌动蛋白基因序列,从赤桉嫩叶中克隆了2条Actin基因片段,并利用RACE技术获得Actin基因的全长cDNA,分别命名为ECACT1和EC-ACT2基因。生物信息学分析表明,这两条基因的全长cDNA分别为1533 bp和1387 bp,均含有1个编码377个氨基酸的开放阅读框。经比对分析,赤桉Actin蛋白的氨基酸序列与其他植物Actin蛋白的具有较高的相似性,并且具有Actin蛋白特有的保守序列和相关特征。因此推测这两条基因对桉树的生长发育具有一定的调控作用。     

Molecular cloning of a new cDNA and expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase gene from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hevea brasiliensis</Emphasis>

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (HMGS), EC 4.1.3.5, is an essential enzyme in rubber biosynthesis in Hevea brasiliensis. We have isolated a new cDNA encoding HMGS in H. brasiliensis. The full-length hmgs2 consists of 1,916-bp and encodes a protein of 464 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 51.27 kDa and an isoelectric point of 6.02. In comparison, HMGS1 and HMGS2 show 92% and 94% nucleotide and amino acid sequence identities, respectively. Semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis indicates that the hmgs2 is more highly expressed in laticifer and petiole than in leaves. Sequence searching and alignment revealed that HMGS is a distant relative of the condensing enzyme; -ketoacyl acyl carrier protein synthase III (ACP synthase III), EC 2.3.1.41, identified three completely conserved residues; Cys¹¹⁷, His²⁴⁷, and Asn³²⁶. The relationship was greatly strengthened by making a proper alignment of numerous sequences of both HMGS and ACP synthase III. The same Cys¹¹⁷, His²⁴⁷, and Asn³²⁶ absolutely conserved in both groups play a catalytic role in ACP synthase III, while such a role of Cys and His has only been reported for HMGS. According to site-directed mutagenesis, the expressed wild-type enzyme shows comparable level with mutant proteins. The mutation of Cys¹¹⁷ and Asn³²⁶ affects the HMGS activity, indicating that Cys¹¹⁷ and Asn³²⁶ are important amino acids for the catalytic activity of HMGS. A phylogenetic tree constructed on the basis of proper multiple alignment indicates that HMGS1 and HMGS2 result from recent gene duplication. This is also the case for HMGS and ACP synthase III, which appear to have arisen from an ancient gene duplication event of an ancestral condensing enzyme. Therefore, a possible secondary structure of HMGS could be predicted based on the Protein Data Bank information of ACP synthase III.     

Cloning, characterization and tissue specific expression of a sucrose synthase gene from tropical epiphytic CAM orchid Mokara Yellow

A full-length cDNA encoding sucrose synthase was isolated from the tropical epiphytic CAM orchid Mokara Yellow. The cDNA is 2748bp in length containing an open reading frame of 2447bp encoding 816 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 93.1 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence of M. Yellow sucrose synthase (Msus1) shares more than 80% identity with those from other monocotyledonous plants. The sucrose synthase gene was demonstrated to encode a functional sucrose synthase protein by expression as recombinant protein in Escherichia coli. Northern blot analysis showed that the expression pattern of Msus1 mRNA is tissue specific with highest levels in strong sinks such as expanding leaves and root tips, but not detectable in mature leaves and flowers. Incubation with sugars resulted in a significant increase in the steady-state Msus1 mRNA levels in shoots of seedlings.     

巴西橡胶树HbHEV3基因的克隆和表达分析

根据EST序列信息,通过RT-PCR获得了一个编码橡胶素前体的基因,命名为HbHEV3。HbHEV3编码区cDNA长度为630bp,编码209个氨基酸。预测的HbHEV3蛋白包含1个信号肽,1个具有几丁质结合特性的Hevein结构域和1个Barwinn结构域,HbHEV3与橡胶树及其他植物中类似蛋白具有很高的同源性。分离获得了HbHEV3起始密码子上游1 050bp的启动子序列,该序列含有众多应答激素和胁迫信号元件。实时荧光定量PCR分析结果表明,HbHEV3在所检测的组织中均有表达,其中在胶乳中的表达量最高,乙烯诱导能显著上调胶乳中HbHEV3的表达。研究表明,HbHEV3可能参与了橡胶树乙烯介导的防御反应,并在橡胶凝集过程中具有重要功能。     

小桐子低温诱导查耳酮合酶基因的克隆及其表达分析

为了解查耳酮合酶在小桐子(Jatropha curcas)抗冷性形成中的作用, 基于小桐子低温锻炼转录组和数字基因表达谱数据, 克隆了低温新诱导表达的小桐子查耳酮合酶基因(JcCHS), 并分析了该基因的表达特性和功能。结果表明, JcCHS 基因的cDNA全长为1386 bp, 包含完整开放阅读框(ORF) 1170 bp, 编码389个氨基酸, JcCHS的理论分子量为42.2 kDa、等电点为6.53, 与蓖麻CHS 蛋白序列的相似性高达93.6%, 具有III 型聚酮合酶家族保守的查耳酮合酶/ 对苯乙烯合酶结构域。半定量RTPCR分析表明, JcCHS 在小桐子各组织中都有表达, 其中根的表达量较高。JcCHS 基因的表达能在一定程度上提高重组酵母菌的低温抵抗能力, 这说明JcCHS 基因可能参与了小桐子的抗低温响应。     

巴西橡胶树HbWRKY1基因的克隆及转化烟草的初步研究

利用RACE结合RT-PCR技术,从巴西橡胶树(Hevea brasiliensis)总RNA中扩增得到长度为1234 bp的WRKY基因cDNA全长编码序列。通过氨基酸同源性比对,该序列推导的氨基酸序列与蓖麻、白杨的WRKY同源性分别为79%和73%,表明分离的cDNA序列为橡胶树WRKY基因,命名为HbWRKY1。通过构建pCAMBIA1304-HbWRKY1植物表达载体,经农杆菌GV3101介导,将HbWRKY1基因导入烟草(Nicotiana tabacum)中,对所获得的潮霉素抗性烟草株系进行PCR鉴定。结果表明,HbWRKY1基因已整合到65株转基因植株中。干旱胁迫试验表明,HbWRKY1的过量表达可以明显提高转基因烟草对干旱胁迫的耐受能力。这说明WRKY基因与橡胶树抗旱能力之间存在一定的关系。     

Cloning, sequencing and expression of cDNA encoding growth hormone from Indian catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis)

A tissue-specific cDNA library was constructed using polyA⁺ RNA from pituitary glands of the Indian catfishHeteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) and a cDNA clone encoding growth hormone (GH) was isolated. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers representing the conserved regions of fish GH sequences the 3′ region of catfish GH cDNA (540 bp) was cloned by random amplification of cDNA ends and the clone was used as a probe to isolate recombinant phages carrying the full-length cDNA sequence. The full-length cDNA clone is 1132 bp in length, coding for an open reading frame (ORF) of 603 bp; the reading frame encodes a putative polypeptide of 200 amino acids including the signal sequence of 22 amino acids. The 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions of the cDNA are 58 bp and 456 bp long, respectively. The predicted amino acid sequence ofH. fossils GH shared 98% homology with other catfishes. Mature GH protein was efficiently expressed in bacterial and zebrafish systems using appropriate expression vectors. The successful expression of the cloned GH cDNA of catfish confirms the functional viability of the clone.     

Molecular cloning and characterization of a mannose-binding lectin gene from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinellia cordata</Emphasis>

Using RNA extracted from Pinellia cordata young leaves and primers designed according to the conserved regions of Araceae lectins, the full-length cDNA of Pinellia cordata agglutinin (PCL) was cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The full-length cDNA of pcl was 1,182 bp and contained a 768 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a lectin precursor of 256 amino acids. Through comparative analysis of pcl gene and its deduced amino acid sequence with those of other Araceae species, it was found that pcl encoded a precursor lectin with signal peptide. PCL is a mannose-binding lectin with three mannose-binding sites. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that pcl is expressed in all tested tissues including leaf, stem and bulbil, but with the highest expression in bulbil. PCL protein was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli with the molecular weight expected.