戊型肝炎病毒结构区ORF2蛋白在巴氏毕赤酵母中的胞内表达与纯化的初步研究

为寻求新型表达系统来研制戊型肝炎基因工程疫苗 ,利用甲醇营养型酵母 pichiapastoris表达系统表达戊型肝炎病毒 (HEV)结构区ORF2蛋白。采用PCR方法从HEVcDNA中扩增得到的ORF2基因克隆到酵母表达载体pPIC3.5K上 ,构建成重组质粒 pPIC3.5KORF2。该质粒转化酵母菌GS115 ,经G418筛选得到高拷贝转化子。转化菌株经Mut表型鉴定后 ,用含甲醇的培养基诱导表达 ,SDS PAGE及ELISA筛选高表达活性菌株 ,放大培养后进行亲合层析纯化。在该系统中成功地表达了高生物活性的HEVORF2蛋白 ,经亲和层析纯化后扫描分析重组蛋白分子量约为 5 9kD ,纯度可达 96 %。Westernblotting证实 ,它与HEVORF2单克隆抗体有特异性反应。HEV结构区ORF2蛋白在甲醇营养型酵母中的成功表达 ,以及初步纯化得到的具有强免疫学活性的重组蛋白 ,为研制新型戊型肝炎基因工程疫苗奠定了基础     

戊型肝炎病毒Ⅳ型ORF2蛋白在汉逊酵母中的表达

为了寻求新型表达系统来研制戊型肝炎基因工程疫苗,利用甲基营养型汉逊酵母(Hansenulapolymorpha)系统表达戊型肝炎病毒(HepatitisEvirus,HEV)Ⅳ型结构区ORF2编码蛋白第112-607氨基酸片段。为实现目的基因在汉逊酵母中的高效表达,根据汉逊酵母偏爱密码子优化设计目的基因,用搭桥PCR法合成优化后的基因序列,并克隆到多拷贝表达载体上,转化汉逊酵母营养缺陷宿主菌ATCC26012(Ura3-),在选择培养基上培养,运用PCR法筛选得到携带外源基因的重组菌株,然后用含甲醇的培养基诱导表达,对表达产物进行SDS-PAGE、ELISA和Westernblot检测和鉴定。SDS-PAGE实验结果表明目的蛋白分子量约为56kD,表达量占菌体总蛋白的12%;ELISA检测结果表明表达产物为具有免疫反应性的HEVORF2蛋白,ELISA效价最高可达1∶2048,目的蛋白表达量随着基因拷贝数的增加呈升高的趋势;Westernblot鉴别实验结果证实表达产物与HEV多抗有特异性抗原抗体结合反应。HEV结构区ORF2蛋白在汉逊酵母中的成功表达,为研制基因工程戊型肝炎疫苗奠定了基础。     

戊型肝炎病毒结构区ORF2蛋白在巴氏毕赤酵母中的胸内表达与纯化的初步研究

为寻求新型表达系统来研制戊型肝炎基因工程疫苗,利用甲醇营养型酵母pichia pastoris表达系统表达戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）结构区ORF2蛋白。采用PCR方法从HEV cDNA中扩增得到ORC2基因克隆到酵母表达载体pPIC3.5K上,构建成重组质粒pPIC3.5KORF2。该质粒转化酵母菌GS115,经G418筛选得到高拷贝转化子,转化菌株经Mut表型鉴定后,用含甲醇的培养基诱导表达,SDS－PAGE及ELISA筛选高表达活性菌株,放大培养后进行亲合层析纯化。在该系统中成功地表达了高生物活性的HEV ORF2蛋白,经亲和层析纯化后扫描分析重组蛋白分子量约为59kD,纯度可达96%。Wester blotting证实,它与HEV ORF2单克隆抗体有特异性反应。HEV结构区ORF2蛋白在甲醇营养型酵母中的成功表达,以及初步纯化得到的具有强免疫学活性的重组蛋白,为研究新型戊型肝炎基因工程苗奠定了基础。     

大肠杆菌表达的病毒样颗粒疫苗

重组病毒样颗粒是病毒衣壳蛋白外源表达的重要形式,形态结构与天然病毒高度相似,位于纳米尺度的大小易于被免疫系统识别,可激发机体产生保护性免疫反应,且不含有病毒基因,因此,是一种理想的疫苗形式,也是基于结构进行疫苗设计的重要结构载体。目前已上市的乙型肝炎疫苗、人乳头瘤病毒疫苗和戊型肝炎疫苗等基因工程疫苗均采用病毒样颗粒形式。大肠杆菌表达系统被广泛用于基因工程药物的生产,具有安全性好、生产周期短、易于放大生产等优点,在病毒样颗粒疫苗应用上具有良好前景。本文综述了利用大肠杆菌研制戊型肝炎疫苗和人乳头瘤病毒疫苗的进展,特别是这些病毒样颗粒疫苗的表达及组装、表位结构特征和临床试验结果。     

超耐热酸性α-淀粉酶基因在多型汉逊酵母中表达及与在毕赤酵母中表达的比较研究

利用毕赤酵母的质粒载体pPIC9K将极端耐热古菌Pyrococcusfuriosus的超耐热酸性α-淀粉酶(Amy)基因转化到多型汉逊酵母HP-6中,获得重组汉逊酵母。经过甲醇进行诱导,表达产物的酶活性检测和SDS-PAGE电泳,证明α-淀粉酶(Amy)在多型汉逊酵母中利用AOX1启动子和α-因子信号肽有效表达并分泌到胞外。该酶的最适反应温度为90～100℃,最适作用pH为4.0～5.0,较之重组毕赤酵母的最适作用pH还低0.5。此外与毕赤酵母的重组蛋白相比,重组汉逊酵母α-淀粉酶不仅菌株筛选简便、周期短,而且具有更容易筛选到高拷贝转化子以及适用于大规模工业发酵等优点。     

多形汉逊酵母外源基因表达系统

多形汉逊酵母是一种有很大潜力的外源基因表达系统,已在科研和工业化生产上广泛应用。用它生产来源于真核生物的外源基因有许多优点,如重组菌减数分裂稳定、能进行正确的翻译后加工和修饰、表达量高等。许多有商业价值的蛋白质在这一系统中得到成功表达,有的已投入市场。本文综述多形汉逊酵母宿主菌的生物学特性、基因工程操作技术、发酵及外源基因表达等方面的特点和最新进展。     

一条新的柱层析纯化路径对HBsAg免疫原性的影响

摘要目的：建立一条新的毕赤酵母表达乙肝表面抗原（HepatitisBantigen,HBsAg）柱层析纯化方法,保持HBsAg结构完整性和提高免疫原性。方法：毕赤酵母发酵料液经过菌体破碎、聚乙二醇沉淀、疏水层析、超滤和凝胶分子筛精纯,收集HBsAg合格样品液适当稀释后加入铝佐荆吸附,制成乙肝疫苗半成品免疫BALB／c小鼠。结果：纯化产物经SDS-PAGE银染鉴定得单一条带,分子量在23kD左右,凝胶成像软件分析纯度超过95％;该纯化方法得到的HBsAg颗粒电镜观察得平均直径为22nm病毒样颗粒,结构较均一完整;自制疫苗免疫小鼠后,其血清抗体水平高于葛兰素史克生产的Engerix—B（安在时）,存在显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论：通过该方法纯化的HBsAg结构完整性良好,疫苗免疫效果优于酵母表达的Engerix—B,纯化路径简单高效,易于放大用于工业化生产。     

戊型肝炎病毒疫苗的研发和评价

由戊型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis E virus,HEV)导致的疾病日渐引起人们的关注。中国目前已经上市的HEV疫苗为万泰沧海生物技术公司(INNOVAX)研发的大肠杆菌表达的I型中国分离株ORF2 p239重组疫苗HEV 239(Hecolin),它能形成病毒样颗粒从而产生更好的免疫原性。该疫苗在HEV高危人群和高流行地区的使用将对戊型肝炎的流行起到积极的防控作用。回顾了HEV疫苗研究的历史过程,并探讨了目前HEV疫苗评价方法面临的问题及研究思路。     

人乳头瘤病毒16亚型L1蛋白在多形汉逊酵母中的优化表达

为了实现人乳头瘤病毒(Humanpa pillomavirus,HPV)16亚型衣壳蛋白L1在多形汉逊酵母(Hansenula polymorpha)中的高效表达,根据L1蛋白的氨基酸序列及多形汉逊酵母的密码子偏爱性,对L1蛋白的编码序列进行优化设计,合成了完整的编码序列,命名为HPV16L1。以甲醇诱导型启动子MOXp和终止子AOXTT为表达调控元件,以尿嘧啶合成相关基因URA3为筛选标记,构建了HPV16L1的重组表达质粒pYMOXU-HPV16。用SacII酶切质粒pYMOXU-HPV16使其线性化,电转化多形汉逊酵母菌株H-ura3,依据营养缺陷互补筛选重组菌株。通过PCR扩增及HPV16L1蛋白表达量分析表明已获得稳定高表达L1蛋白的重组汉逊酵母菌株HP-U-16L。摇瓶发酵条件的初步优化表明,以YPM(pH7.0)为基础培养基进行诱导培养,控制接种量使初始培养液OD600为1.0,每隔12h补加甲醇至终浓度为1%(V/V),37oC、200r/min条件下诱导培养72h后,HPV16L1蛋白的最高表达量为78.6mg/L。本研究为多形汉逊酵母源HPV16L1疫苗的研制奠定了基础。     

纤维连接蛋白C端肝素结合域多肽在毕赤酵母中的表达、纯化及鉴定

为在毕赤酵母中表达纤维连接蛋白C端肝素结合域(Fibronectin C-terminal heparin-binding domainFNCHBD)多肽并研究其功能,通过PCR技术扩增FNCHBD目的基因,将目的基因与T载体连接,经测序正确后,插入pAo815SM酵母表达载体增加基因拷贝数,然后酶切克隆入酵母表达载pPIC9K;将重组质粒Sal I酶切线性化后转化毕赤酵母菌株,筛选工程菌,经甲醇诱导表达,用SDS-PAGE检测发酵上清液,表明有重组蛋白FNCHBD多肽的高表达,表达产物通过离心、超滤、离子交换层析纯化,纯化产物通过SDS-PAGE、Western blotting印迹、质谱及肝素亲和层沉析对表达产物进行鉴定。结果表明利用酵母工程菌成功表达和纯化了FNCHBD多肽,多肽的分子量接近32 kDa,纯化产物的纯度可达95%以上,能被FN多克隆抗体特异识别且具有多肽肝素结合活性,为后续结构及功能的研究奠定基础。     

Expression and self-assembly of empty virus-like particles of hepatitis E virus.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a pathogenic agent that causes fecally-orally transmitted acute hepatitis. The genome, a single-stranded positive-sense RNA, encodes three forward open reading frames (ORFs), in which an approximately 2-kb structural protein is located in the 3' end. To produce HEV-like particles the structural protein, with its N terminus truncated (amino acid residues 112 to 660 of ORF2), was expressed in insect Tn5 cells by a recombinant baculovirus. In addition to the primary translation product with a molecular mass of 58 kDa, a large amount of a further-processed molecule with a molecular mass of 50 kDa was generated and efficiently released into the culture medium. Electron microscopic observation of the culture medium revealed that the 50-kDa protein self-assembled to form empty virus-like particles (VLPs). The buoyant density of the VLPs in CsCl was 1.285 g/cm3 and their diameter was 23.7 nm, a little smaller than the 27 nm of native HEV particles secreted into the bile or stools of experimentally infected monkeys. The yield of the VLPs was 1 mg per 10(7) cells as a purified form. The particles possess antigenicity similar to that of authentic HEV particles and, consequently, they appear to be a good antigen for the sensitive detection of HEV-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibodies. Furthermore, the VLP may be the most promising candidate yet for an HEV vaccine, owing to its potent immunogenicity.     

Antigenicity and immunogenicity of novel chimeric hepatitis B surface antigen particles with exposed hepatitis C virus epitopes

The small envelope protein of hepatitis B virus (HBsAg-S) can self-assemble into highly organized virus like particles (VLPs) and induce an effective immune response. In this study, a restriction enzyme site was engineered into the cDNA of HBsAg-S at a position corresponding to the exposed site within the hydrophilic a determinant region (amino acid [aa] 127-128) to create a novel HBsAg vaccine vector allowing surface orientation of the inserted sequence. We inserted sequences of various lengths from hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) E2 protein containing immunodominant epitopes and demonstrated secretion of the recombinant HBsAg VLPs from transfected mammalian cells. A number of different recombinant proteins were synthesized, and HBsAg VLPs containing inserts up to 36 aa were secreted with an efficiency similar to that of wild-type HBsAg. The HVR1 region exposed on the particles retained an antigenic structure similar to that recognized immunologically during natural infection. VLPs containing epitopes from either HCV-1a or -1b strains were produced that induced strain-specific antibody responses in immunized mice. Injection of a combination of these VLPs induced antibodies against both HVR1 epitopes that resulted in higher titers than were achieved by vaccination with the individual VLPs, suggesting a synergistic effect. This may lead to the development of recombinant particles which are able to induce a broad anti-HCV immune response against the HCV quasispecies or other quasispecies-like infectious agents.     

Efficient assembly and release of SARS coronavirus-like particles by a heterologous expression system

Virus-like particles (VLPs) produced by recombinant expression of the major viral structural proteins could be an attractive method for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) control. In this study, using the baculovirus system, we generated recombinant viruses that expressed S, E, M and N structural proteins of SARS-CoV either individually or simultaneously. The expression level, size and authenticity of each recombinant SARS-CoV protein were determined. In addition, immunofluorescence and FACS analysis confirmed the cell surface expression of the S protein. Co-infections of insect cells with two recombinant viruses demonstrated that M and E could assemble readily to form smooth surfaced VLPs. On the other hand, simultaneous high level expression of S, E and M by a single recombinant virus allowed the very efficient assembly and release of VLPs. These data demonstrate that the VLPs are morphological mimics of virion particles. The high level expression of VLPs with correct S protein conformation by a single recombinant baculovirus offers a potential candidate vaccine for SARS.     

戊型肝炎病毒ORF2编码多肽抗原的表达及其特性研究

迄今所发现的唯一的戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）中和表位定位于开放读码框架2（ORF2）编码蛋白的第578和第607氨基酸（aa）之间的区域。将对应此区域的基因片段通过一段柔性的甘氨酸铰链与乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）表面抗原（HBsAg）基因的3′端相连,构建成HBV/HEV融合基因。该融合基因在毕赤酵母细胞内的表达产物物为分子量约29kDa的融合蛋白,具有组装成嵌合病毒样颗粒（VLP）的能力。此嵌合VLP具有与HBsAgVLP相似的特性且保留了天然HBV/HEV双重抗原性。对此嵌合VLP特性的初步研究提示其可能具有HBV/HEV双价重组疫苗的潜在应用前景。     

Essential elements of the capsid protein for self-assembly into empty virus-like particles of hepatitis E virus

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a noncultivable virus that causes acute liver failure in humans. The virus's major capsid protein is encoded by an open reading frame 2 (ORF2) gene. When the recombinant protein consisting of amino acid (aa) residues 112 to 660 of ORF2 is expressed with a recombinant baculovirus, the protein self-assembles into virus-like particles (VLPs) (T.-C. Li, Y. Yamakawa, K. Suzuki, M. Tatsumi, M. A. Razak, T. Uchida, N. Takeda, and T. Miyamura, J. Virol. 71:7207-7213, 1997). VLPs can be found in the culture medium of infected Tn5 cells but not in that of Sf9 cells, and the major VLPs have lost the C-terminal 52 aa. To investigate the protein requirement for HEV VLP formation, we prepared 14 baculovirus recombinants to express the capsid proteins truncated at the N terminus, the C terminus, or both. The capsid protein consisting of aa residues 112 to 608 formed VLPs in Sf9 cells, suggesting that particle formation is dependent on the modification process of the ORF2 protein. In the present study, electron cryomicroscopy and image processing of VLPs produced in Sf9 and Tn5 cells indicated that they possess the same configurations and structures. Empty VLPs were found in both Tn5 and Sf9 cells infected with the recombinant containing an N-terminal truncation up to aa residue 125 and C-terminal to aa residue 601, demonstrating that the aa residues 126 to 601 are the essential elements required for the initiation of VLP assembly. The recombinant HEV VLPs are potential mucosal vaccine carrier vehicles for the presentation of foreign antigenic epitopes and may also serve as vectors for the delivery of genes to mucosal tissue for DNA vaccination and gene therapy. The results of the present study provide useful information for constructing recombinant HEV VLPs having novel functions.     

基因重组戊肝病毒多价复合抗原的表达及初步应用

目的：利用基因工程技术体外表达高效HEV多价复合抗原,建立一套敏感和特异的抗HEV检测体系,方法：将前期构建的基因重组戊肝病毒多价复合抗原表达质粒转化大肠埃希菌JM109。筛选鉴定阳性克隆并进行诱导表达,表达产物经分子筛层析纯化后,利用western blot作抗原特异性鉴定,以此抗原建立ELISA检测卫生部生物药品检定所HEV血清参比品及临床血清标本,同时以Genelab公司抗HEVELISA试剂盒作为对照进行对比研究。结果：重组质粒转化大肠埃希菌JM109株后的阳性克隆,经诱导在SDS-PAGE中出现一条分子量大小约为31.5kD的蛋白条带,该蛋白纯化后经Western Blotting检测证实为HEV特异性抗原,以此抗原包被酶联板建立ELISA检测53份国家卫生部标准HEV参比血清,灵敏度达100%（38/38）,特异度达93.3%(14/15)。用此方法检测68份临床标本,并与Gene4labELISA试剂盒结果比较,两者阴阳性相符的有64份,总符合率为94.1%。结论：本实验克隆表达的基因重组戊肝病毒多价复合抗原具有良好抗原性,以此抗原建立的抗HEVELISA具有灵敏度高,特异性强的特点,可望为戊型肝炎的血清学诊断和流行病学调查提供一种更为有效的检测手段。