模拟消化环境对益生菌制剂的影响

目的 :研究胃液及肠液的变化对益生菌制剂中活菌数量的影响 ,向服用者建议合理而有效的服用方式。方法 :采用四种益生菌制剂 ,溶于不同 p H值的人工胃液和人工肠液中 ,不同的时间后进行活菌计数。结果 :四种益生菌制剂在高 p H值胃液 ,短时间作用后的存活菌数均显著高于其他组中的存活菌数 (P<0 .0 5 )。在人工肠液中经过不同时间的作用后 ,在较短时间点检测到的存活菌数明显高于在较长时间点检测到的存活菌数 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :建议服用者在进餐的过程中 ,服用益生菌制剂。     

伯顿毕赤酵母菌在酸性及胆盐环境的抗逆性研究

目的探究伯顿毕赤酵母菌在酸性及胆盐环境下的益生特性,为研制益生菌制剂提供理论依据。方法采用稀释平板计数法,在pH 1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5、3.0和胆盐浓度0.1%、0.2%、0.3%、0.4%的PDA液体培养基以及人工胃液作用0、2、4h,人工肠液作用0、2、4、6、8、10h环境下,分别测定伯顿毕赤酵母菌的活菌数。结果耐酸实验中,各酸性实验组活菌数与对照组比较均下降明显(P0.01),酸度越高,活菌数越少;耐胆盐实验中,胆盐浓度越高,活菌含量越少,其中0.2%、0.3%和0.4%的胆盐浓度与对照组比较活菌数下降明显(P0.01);人工胃液实验中,经过pH 1.5人工胃液处理4h,菌株存活率达42.78%,而经过pH 2.5和3.5的人工胃液处理4h,存活率分别为138.17%和182.90%;人工肠液实验中,随着处理时间的延长,活菌数也增加,且不同时间段的活菌数差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论伯顿毕赤酵母菌能够在极高的酸性和较高的胆盐环境以及人工胃肠液环境中存活和定植,符合制备益生菌制剂的条件。     

几株饲用益生菌对体外模拟胃肠道环境的抗逆性评估

目的研究几株益生菌胃肠道环境下的抗逆能力。方法体外模拟正常猪的胃肠道环境,配制人工肠液和人工胃液,将实验室几株饲用益生菌在人工胃液和人工肠液中分别作用4、6 h,每2 h测一次活菌量。结果实验菌株对模拟胃液的耐受性都较强;除乳酸菌A外,其他菌株对模拟肠液的耐受性也较强。结论除乳酸菌A外的几株实验菌种作为饲用益生菌在抵御猪胃肠道的不良环境方面有很大优势。     

一株广谱抑菌活性乳酸菌的筛选及特性研究

【目的】从贵州剑河采集的传统自然发酵豆酱中分离筛选具有广谱抑菌效果的乳酸菌,并进行肠道益生特性的研究。【方法】通过抑菌试验分离筛选得到菌株DJ-04,对其进行人工胃肠液耐受性、胆盐耐受性和渗透压耐受性的研究,并对其进行生理生化鉴定和16S r RNA鉴定。【结果】菌株DJ-04对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、志贺氏菌和铜绿假单胞菌的生长有很好的抑制作用;在p H值为2.5的人工胃液中处理3 h活菌数达到107 CFU/m L以上;在人工肠液中处理3 h活菌数达到108 CFU/m L以上,对人工胃肠液表现出良好的耐受性。能耐受一定浓度的牛胆盐,在质量浓度0.2 g/100 m L的牛胆盐环境中活菌数可达到107 CFU/m L;具有较高的渗透压耐受能力,在Na Cl质量浓度为10 g/100 m L的液体MRS中培养24 h后,活菌数仍在107 CFU/m L以上。经鉴定,DJ-04为植物乳杆菌。【结论】植物乳杆菌DJ-04具有良好的人工胃肠液耐受性以及耐胆盐和耐渗透压能力,具有肠道益生菌的潜能。     

重组干酪乳杆菌在模拟消化环境中生存性能的研究

目的 探讨重组干酪乳杆菌Lactobacillus casei 393在模拟胃肠道环境中的存活能力.方法 人工模拟胃肠道环境,即人工胃液（pH=1.5～4.5）、人工肠液、胆汁（质量浓度0.3～3.0 g/L）和高盐（质量浓度40～90g/L）.结果 重组干酪乳杆菌在pH为2.5～4.5的人工胃液中具有较强的生存能力,3 h活菌数仍达108/ml;在人工肠液中经过不同时间的作用后,重组干酪乳杆菌显出生长趋势;在0.3%的胆汁环境作用8 h仍有存活,且能耐受7%NaCl浓度的高渗环境.结论 实验为干酪乳杆菌Lactobacillus casei 393能否作为益生菌制剂在胃肠道中发挥作用提供了理论基础.     

高湿度对地衣芽胞杆菌胶囊质量的影响简

目的：探讨环境湿度对微生态制剂质量的影响。方法：以微生态制剂地衣芽胞杆菌胶囊为研究对象,在模拟的高湿度环境中研究了其干燥失重、活菌数和崩解时限的变化。结果：在相对湿度为80％的环境中放置48h后,药品的活菌数、干燥失重、崩解时限均有显著变化。结论：高湿对益生菌制剂质量有很大影响,该类制剂应严格遵循药品贮存和使用的条件,并注意密闭包装。     

高湿度对地衣芽胞杆菌胶囊质量的影响

目的:探讨环境湿度对微生态制剂质量的影响。方法:以微生态制剂地衣芽胞杆菌胶囊为研究对象,在模拟的高湿度环境中研究了其干燥失重、活菌数和崩解时限的变化。结果:在相对湿度为80%的环境中放置48 h后,药品的活菌数、干燥失重、崩解时限均有显著变化。结论:高湿对益生菌制剂质量有很大影响,该类制剂应严格遵循药品贮存和使用的条件,并注意密闭包装。     

0710合生元结肠靶向微生态调节剂体外释放及定位作用研究

目的将益生菌双歧杆菌与枸杞多糖提取物设计为口服结肠定位给药系统(OCDDS),制备0710合生元结肠靶向微生态调节剂,考查其体外释放行为及体内定位作用。方法以枸杞中多糖为指标,对制剂进行体外溶出实验,并利用X-射线跟踪技术验证0710合生元结肠靶向微生态调节剂在人体内的靶向性。结果该制剂在人工胃液2 h、人工小肠液4 h,几乎不释药,而在人工结肠液中6 h释药达到100%,符合中国药典2005年版对缓释制剂的规定,且体内实验在结肠中黏附性较好。结论0710合生元结肠靶向微生态调节剂在体外结肠液中释放良好,在体内结肠具有靶向性,达到制剂设计要求。     

静电喷雾法制备乳酸菌微胶囊的实验研究

目的为解决乳酸菌产品活菌数的不稳定性,对乳酸菌进行微胶囊化包埋。方法用海藻酸钠和明胶的混合体系作为壁材,对乳酸菌进行静电喷雾包埋处理,并让微胶囊化乳酸菌在模拟胃肠液的环境中进行耐酸性和肠溶性实验。结果混合体系的壁材与乳酸菌具有较好的生物相容性,优选得出当芯壁材为12时包埋率最高（96．3％）,微胶囊化乳酸菌在经人工胃液处理2h后,活菌数比未经微胶囊化的对照组高出2个数量级,且在经人工肠液处理40min后,乳酸菌几乎全部释放。结论静电喷雾法制备的乳酸菌微胶囊具有一定耐酸性和肠溶性。     

酪酸梭菌活菌胶囊对行早期肠内营养支持的感染性休克患者胃肠道症状改善作用观察

目的观察酪酸梭菌活菌胶囊对行早期肠内营养支持的感染性休克患者胃肠道症状改善作用。方法选取2017年1月-2019年1月我院收治的感染性休克患者100例,按照完全随机法将所有患者随机分为对照组和酪酸梭菌活菌组各50例。对照组患者行早期留置胃管鼻饲肠内营养支持,酪酸梭菌活菌组在对照组的基础上使用酪酸梭菌活菌胶囊干预治疗。评价患者免疫功能、机体营养状况、肠粘膜屏障功能、肠道菌群数量变化、胃肠道症状改善情况及药物不良反应情况。结果治疗后酪酸梭菌活菌组患者腹痛、反流、消化不良、便秘、腹泻、进食困难等胃肠道症状评分分别为1.12±0.10、1.01±0.10、1.02±0.09、0.98±0.08、1.12±0.10、1.05±0.09低于对照组2.46±0.30、2.10±0.08、1.96±0.10、1.16±0.10、2.35±0.09、2.45±0.12,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。酪酸梭菌活菌组患者不良反应发生率为2.0%(1/50)低于对照组18.0%(9/50),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论运用酪酸梭菌活菌胶囊治疗行早期肠内营养支持的感染性休克,可显著提高患者免疫功能,改善机体营养状况,增强肠粘膜屏障功能,改善胃肠道症状,促进患者恢复。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.