一种新的丙型肝炎病毒单链丝氨酸蛋白酶基因的构建、表达与鉴定

根据丙型肝炎病毒 (HCV)丝氨酸蛋白酶晶体结构特点 ,设计并构建了一种新的单链型丝氨酸蛋白酶分子 .该分子由辅因子NS4A的核心序列、柔性连接子GSGS和NS3丝氨酸蛋白酶结构域组成 .利用设计的 3条引物 ,通过 2轮PCR获得单链丝氨酸蛋白酶基因 ,插入原核表达载体pQE30中 ,转化大肠杆菌M15 ,获得重组克隆 .经低剂量诱导和低温培养 ,目的基因获得高水平可溶表达 .以金属螯合层析法纯化的重组蛋白纯度达 95 %以上 .间接ELISA法检测 98份血清证实 ,该蛋白具有良好的抗原性和特异性 ;以重组蛋白底物NS5ab和单链丝氨酸蛋白酶建立了简便、实用的丝氨酸蛋白酶体外活性检测系统 ;以该系统观察了PMSF和EDTA对蛋白酶活性的影响 .结果表明 ,PMSF能够抑制蛋白酶的酶切活性 ,而EDTA不能抑制酶的活性 .单链型HCV丝氨酸蛋白酶的成功表达以及体外活性检测系统的建立 ,为丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂的研制奠定了物质基础 .     

猪生长激素基因在巴斯德毕赤酵母中的高效分泌表达及产物的N-糖基化分析

利用含有强启动子P_AOX1 和α-MF信号肽序列的巴斯德毕赤酵母载体质粒pPICZαA构建出含PST基因的重组质粒pPICZαA pST。通过电击将经SacⅠ酶切后线性化的pPICZαA pST质粒转化到巴斯德毕赤酵母X 33菌中 ,并筛选Mut+ 表型的重组菌。表达产物的SDS PAGE和Westernblot结果表明 ,分泌于胞外的PST蛋白分子量比天然PST分子量稍大 ,而胞内的PST蛋白分子量与天然PST大小相同。将经SacⅠ酶切后线性化的pPICZαA pST再次转化重组酵母细胞X 33 pPICZαA pST(Mut⁺) ,所得表达产物的SDS PAGE和Westernblot结果显示 ,PST基因的表达水平明显提高 ,且表达产生的蛋白均可发生正确的抗原 抗体结合反应 ,表达量达 95 6mg L。将发酵液上清进行N 糖基化分析 ,显示rPST无N 糖基化加工修饰     

猪生产激素基因在巴斯德毕赤酵母中的高效分泌表达及产物的N—糖基化分析

利用含有强启动子PAOX1和α-MF信号肽序列的巴斯德毕赤酵母载体质粒pPICZαA构建出含PST基因的重复组质粒pPICZαA－pST。通过电击将经SacI酶后线化的pPICZαA－pST质粒转化到巴斯德毕赤酵母X－33菌中,并筛选Mut^ 表型的重型的生组菌。表达产物的SDS－PAGE和Western blot结果表明,分泌于胞外的PST蛋白分子量比天然PST分子量稍大,而胞内的PST蛋白分子量与天然PST大小相同,将经SacI酶切后线性化的pPICZαA－pST再次转化重组酵母细胞X－33／pPICZαA－pST(Mut^ ）,所得表达产物的SDS－PAGE和Western blot结果显示,PST基因的表达水平明显提高,且表达产生的蛋白均可发生正确的抗原－抗体结合反应,表达量达956mg/L。将发酵液上清进行N－糖基化分析,显示rPST无N－糖基化加工修饰。     

人防御素6基因的克隆、亚克隆及在酵母中的分泌表达

探讨人防御素6(HD-6)在毕赤酵母中表达的可行性,为进一步研究HD6的功能提供理论依据和实验基础。采用PCR方法,设计引物从cDNA文库中扩增出人α防御素6基因片段,并将其插入到克隆载体pMD-18T中,再与毕赤酵母表达载体pPICZαA重组,以得到重组的HD-6酵母表达载体pPICZαA/HD-6,并进行琼脂糖电泳和测序鉴定。再将构建好的毕赤酵母重组表达质粒pPICZαA/HD-6经SacⅠ线性化后,应用LiCl法转化毕赤酵母菌株GS115感受态中,Zeocin平板筛选,PCR鉴定转化子。经摇瓶发酵和甲醇诱导,SDSPAGE分析重组HD-6的表达。从cDNA文库中扩增出的HD-6基因片断大小正确;电泳和测序结果均证明已将此片段克隆到酵母表达载体pPICZαA内;线性化的重组质粒pPICZαA/HD-6成功转化进入毕赤酵母感受态中,PCR鉴定结果与预期相符;蛋白电泳证实重组HD-6在酵母中获得分泌表达。提示重组HD-6可以在毕赤酵母中实现分泌表达。     

乙型肝炎病毒X基因真核表达载体的构建及其在巴斯德毕赤酵母中的表达

目的：在巴斯德毕赤酵母中表达乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）X蛋白,为探讨HBVX蛋白与慢性乙型肝炎及肝细胞癌发生的关系奠定基础。方法：用PCR方法扩增X基因序列,并分别在上下游引入XhoⅠ和XbaⅠ酶切位点,插入pPICZαA载体,转化大肠杆菌TOP10,筛选阳性克隆,对其进行PCR和双酶切及测序鉴定,构建HBVX蛋白毕赤酵母表达质粒pPICZαA-HBx;电击转化毕赤酵母GS115,对阳性克隆进行诱导表达后经SDS-PAGE和Western blotting鉴定目的蛋白。结果：双酶切pPICZαA-HBx后,琼脂糖电泳可分别见到大小约为3.1kb和465bp的片段,表明目的片段已插入载体中,序列测定表明其含有完整的X基因片段,Western blotting结果显示含有pPICZαA-HBx的毕赤酵母GS115能分泌表达X蛋白。结论：构建了毕赤酵母表达载体pPICZαA-HBx,并能在毕赤酵母GS115中分泌表达X蛋白。     

人白血病抑制因子基因在巴斯德毕赤酵母中的表达

将 575bp的人白血病抑制因子基因克隆到表达载体pPICZαA上 ,构建成重组质粒pPICZαA hLIF。pPICZαA hLIF经SacI酶切使之线性化后转化到巴斯德毕赤酵母细胞X 33中。转化子经Mut表型筛选和PCR分析鉴定后 ,利用甘油增菌和甲醇诱导 ,实现了hLIF基因在毕赤酵母系统中的表达。SDS PAGE检测和Westernblot分析结果表明表达产物的分子量约为58 5kD ,与天然hLIF大小相近 ,并且具有免疫原性。凝胶薄层扫描分析显示 ,重组hLIF约占上清总蛋白的 32 8%。生物活性测定结果表明 ,表达产物能够抑制小鼠畸胎瘤细胞F9克隆的形成     

中华鲟半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂在毕赤酵母中的表达和活性分析

为研究鱼类半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂（Cystatin）的功能并探索其在水产加工和病害防治中的应用潜力,将PCR改造后的编码成熟肽中华鲟（Acipenser sinensis）cystatin 基因亚克隆到毕赤酵母整合型表达载体pPICZαA,氯化锂法转化毕赤酵母菌株GS115,构建表达cystatin的酵母基因工程菌。经甲醇诱导、SDSPAGE检测培养基上清液,表明中华鲟cystatin在毕赤酵母中实现了高效表达,重组cystatin表达量约为215mg·L^-1。纯化后重组蛋白纯度达94.2%。生物活性检测结果表明,1μg重组中华鲟cystatin约能抑制15μg木瓜蛋白酶的水解活性。     

人工合成的黑曲霉NRRL3135菌株植酸酶基因在毕酵母系统中的高效表达

本文以黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger)NRRL3135菌株植酸酶基因为对象,通过基因人工合成的方法去除了该基因的内含子与信号肽编码序列,换用在毕赤酵母（Pichia pastoris）中使用频率较高的密码子以优化其表达。该人工合成植酸酶基因（PhyA-as)以N端融合的方式正确插入到毕赤酵母表达载体pPICZαA。通过电击将重组表达载体整合人酵母染色体DNA中得到重组转化子。SDS－PAGE结果与表达产物酶这性质研究表明植酸酶得到分泌表达,且与天然产物性质基本一致。筛选得若干株高产基因工程菌,其中SPAN－Ⅲ菌株达到了在摇庆培养条件下,每毫升发酵液产生165000u植酸酶的水平,基本满足工业化生产的要求。     

抗Ⅳ型胶原酶单链抗体在毕赤酵母中分泌表达

利用毕赤酵母系统表达抗Ⅳ型胶原酶人单链抗体。首先把目的基因克隆到毕赤酵母表达载体上,电击转化受体菌,在甲醇诱导下表达单链抗体。SDS－PAGE和免疫印迹显示毕酵母分泌表达人单链抗体,表达量约20mg/L酵母培养物。该表达系统与大肠杆菌相比,简化了表达产物的分离纯化程序。     

重组人表皮生长因子在毕赤酵母中的表达与纯化及其复合可溶性微针的制备

目的:利用毕赤酵母X33表达重组人表皮生长因子(rhEGF),纯化后以透明质酸(HA)为基质制备rhEGF-可溶性微针贴片,以期增强rhEGF的透皮能力。方法:合成EGF-His编码基因,PCR扩增后连入pPICZαA质粒构建重组表达载体,线性化pPICZαA-hEGF-His载体后电转化毕赤酵母X33感受态,涂布高浓度博来霉素YPD平板,筛选高表达单克隆菌株;甲醇诱导表达,以硫酸铵沉淀及镍填料亲和层析方法纯化获得rhEGF;利用微模板浇铸法以HA为基质制备rhEGF-可溶性微针贴片,通过猪皮穿刺实验验证此贴片的穿透性及可溶性。结果:构建了pPICZαA-hEGFHis表达载体,通过筛选获得高表达X33菌株,经两步纯化后的EGF-His蛋白纯度约为90%;制备了rhEGF-可溶性微针贴片,此贴片能够穿透猪皮。结论:利用毕赤酵母表达并纯化获得高纯度的EGF-His蛋白;将EGF-His蛋白与微针技术相结合制备的rhEGF-可溶性微针贴片具有较好的穿刺性和溶解性。     

Selection of Functional Variants of the NS3-NS4A Protease of Hepatitis C Virus by Using Chimeric Sindbis Viruses

The NS3-NS4A serine protease of hepatitis C virus (HCV) mediates four specific cleavages of the viral polyprotein and its activity is considered essential for the biogenesis of the HCV replication machinery. Despite extensive biochemical and structural characterization, the analysis of natural variants of this enzyme has been limited by the lack of an efficient replication system for HCV in cultured cells. We have recently described the generation of chimeric HCV-Sindbis viruses whose propagation depends on the NS3-NS4A catalytic activity. NS3-NS4A gene sequences were fused to the gene coding for the Sindbis virus structural polyprotein in such a way that processing of the chimeric polyprotein, nucleocapsid assembly, and production of infectious viruses required NS3-NS4A-mediated proteolysis (G. Filocamo, L. Pacini, and G. Migliaccio, J. Virol. 71:1417–1427, 1997). Here we report the use of these chimeric viruses to select and characterize active variants of the NS3-NS4A protease. Our original chimeric viruses displayed a temperature-sensitive phenotype and formed lysis plaques much smaller than those formed by wild-type (wt) Sindbis virus. By serially passaging these chimeric viruses on BHK cells, we have selected virus variants which formed lysis plaques larger than those produced by their progenitors and produced NS3-NS4A proteins different in size and/or sequence from those of the original viruses. Characterization of the selected protease variants revealed that all of the mutated proteases still efficiently processed the chimeric polyprotein in infected cells and also cleaved an HCV substrate in vitro. One of the selected proteases was expressed in a bacterial system and showed a catalytic efficiency comparable to that of the wt recombinant protease.     

Molecular views of viral polyprotein processing revealed by the crystal structure of the hepatitis C virus bifunctional protease-helicase

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) currently infects approximately 3% of the world's population. HCV RNA is translated into a polyprotein that during maturation is cleaved into functional components. One component, nonstructural protein 3 (NS3), is a 631-residue bifunctional enzyme with protease and helicase activities. The NS3 serine protease processes the HCV polyprotein by both cis and trans mechanisms. The structural aspects of cis processing, the autoproteolysis step whereby the protease releases itself from the polyprotein, have not been characterized. The structural basis for inclusion of protease and helicase activities in a single polypeptide is also unknown. RESULTS: We report here the 2.5 A resolution structure of an engineered molecule containing the complete NS3 sequence and the protease activation domain of nonstructural protein 4A (NS4A) in a single polypeptide chain (single chain or scNS3-NS4A). In the molecule, the helicase and protease domains are segregated and connected by a single strand. The helicase necleoside triphosphate and RNA interaction sites are exposed to solvent. The protease active site of scNS3-NS4A is occupied by the NS3 C terminus, which is part of the helicase domain. Thus, the intramolecular complex shows one product of NS3-mediated cleavage at the NS3-NS4A junction of the HCV polyprotein bound at the protease active site. CONCLUSIONS: The scNS3-NS4A structure provides the first atomic view of polyprotein cis processing. Both local and global structural rearrangements follow the cis cleavage reaction, and large segments of the polyprotein can be folded prior to proteolytic processing. That the product complex of the cis cleavage reaction exists in a stable molecular conformation suggests autoinhibition and substrate-induced activation mechanisms for regulation of NS3 protease activity.     

具有蛋白酶及解旋酶活性的HCV-NS3重组蛋白的纯化及活性分析

为深入探讨HCV-NS3蛋白的酶动力学性质,制备了具有蛋白酶及解旋酶活性的HCVNS3重组蛋白。利用PCR扩增HCV非结构基因NS3,插入pPIC9,测序分析。携带NS3基因的重组质粒(pPIC9-NS3)转化毕氏酵母菌菌株GS115,甲醇诱导表达NS3蛋白。重组蛋白首先采用Hitrap chelating柱进行亲和分离,之后使用Mono S HR柱进一步纯化。对纯化后的NS3重组蛋白的酶活性进行分析,结果表明,获得的重组蛋白分别具有蛋白酶及解旋酶活性。本研究为深入探讨NS3编码酶的功能和开发抗病毒药物创造条件。     

HCV非结构蛋白(NS2/NS3)基因表达载体的构建及其一级结构分析

应用逆转录－聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）技术,从ＨＣＶ感染者血清中扩增编码ＨＣＶ病毒蛋白酶的ＮＳ２－ＮＳ３ｃＤＮＡ片段,在其５′和３′端分别引入ＥｃｏＲⅠ和ＸｂａⅠ限制性内切酶位点,定向克隆至真核表达载体ｐｃＤＮＡ３,构建重组载体ｐｃＤＮＡ－ＮＳ２３,重组表达载体经限制性内切酶消化鉴定．用ＳＰ６和Ｔ７通用引物对目的基因片断进行序列分析．序列同源性分析结果表明,与ＨＣＶ－Ｊ、ＨＣ－Ｃ２有高度的同源性,与ＨＣＶ－１、ＨＣＶ－Ｊ６、ＨＣＶ－Ｊ８同源性差,提示所克隆的基因属ＨＣＶⅡ型．该区内重要的功能位点如Ｚｎ２＋依赖性金属蛋白酶催化中心、丝氨酸蛋白酶催化中心等均高度保守     

Engineered toxins "zymoxins" are activated by the HCV NS3 protease by removal of an inhibitory protein domain

The synthesis of inactive enzyme precursors, also known as "zymogens," serves as a mechanism for regulating the execution of selected catalytic activities in a desirable time and/or site. Zymogens are usually activated by proteolytic cleavage. Many viruses encode proteases that execute key proteolytic steps of the viral life cycle. Here, we describe a proof of concept for a therapeutic approach to fighting viral infections through eradication of virally infected cells exclusively, thus limiting virus production and spread. Using the hepatitis C virus (HCV) as a model, we designed two HCV NS3 protease-activated "zymogenized" chimeric toxins (which we denote "zymoxins"). In these recombinant constructs, the bacterial and plant toxins diphtheria toxin A (DTA) and Ricin A chain (RTA), respectively, were fused to rationally designed inhibitor peptides/domains via an HCV NS3 protease-cleavable linker. The above toxins were then fused to the binding and translocation domains of Pseudomonas exotoxin A in order to enable translocation into the mammalian cells cytoplasm. We show that these toxins exhibit NS3 cleavage dependent increase in enzymatic activity upon NS3 protease cleavage in vitro. Moreover, a higher level of cytotoxicity was observed when zymoxins were applied to NS3 expressing cells or to HCV infected cells, demonstrating a potential therapeutic window. The increase in toxin activity correlated with NS3 protease activity in the treated cells, thus the therapeutic window was larger in cells expressing recombinant NS3 than in HCV infected cells. This suggests that the "zymoxin" approach may be most appropriate for application to life-threatening acute infections where much higher levels of the activating protease would be expected.     

GB virus B and hepatitis C virus NS3 serine proteases share substrate specificity.

GB virus B (GBV-B) is a recently discovered virus responsible for hepatitis in tamarins (Saguinus species). GBV-B belongs to the Flaviviridae family and is closely related to the human pathogen hepatitis C virus (HCV). Nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) of HCV has been shown to encompass a serine protease domain required for viral maturation. GBV-B and HCV share only about 30% of the amino acid sequence within the NS3 protease domain. The catalytic triad is conserved, and the residue Phe-154, presumed to be a crucial amino acid for determining the S1 specificity pocket of the HCV NS3 protease, is also conserved. We have expressed a synthetic gene encoding the GBV-B NS3 protease domain in Escherichia coli and have characterized the purified recombinant protein for its activity on HCV substrates. We have shown that the NS3 region of the GBV-B genome actually encodes a serine protease that, despite the low sequence homology, shares substrate specificity with the HCV NS3 protease.     

丙型肝炎病毒RNA多聚酶在昆虫细胞中的表达

ＨＣＶ ＮＳ５Ｂ基因片段克隆入ＢＡＣ－ＴＯ－ＢＡＣ＾ＴＭ重组杆状病毒表达系统的ｐＦＡＳＴＨＴｃ载体质粒,转化ＤＨ１０ＢＡＣ＾ＴＭ感受态细菌获得重组的Ｂａｃｍｉｄ质粒,将重组Ｂａｃｍｉｄ质粒转染Ｓｆ细胞,获得的重组杆状病毒可表达目的蛋白。免疫印迹和体外活性检测表明,所表达蛋白为ＨＣＶ ＮＳ５Ｂ蛋白,具有多聚酶活性。     

研究报告重组Ⅱ型登革病毒NS1的表达及其免疫原性的研究

目的：表达制备重组Ⅱ型登革病毒非结构蛋白NS1,检测该重组表达蛋白的免疫原性,为检测试剂盒的研制提供基础。方法：根据Ⅱ型登革病毒NS1蛋白基因序列（GenBank 登录号：NC_001474）,对基因序列进行编码密码子优化后进行全基因合成,随后,经双酶切将目的片段克隆到表达载体pET28a上,通过IPTG诱导表达;表达产物经Western blot鉴定后,进一步进行蛋白纯化和透析复性,制备获得重组Ⅱ型登革病毒NS1蛋白。收获的NS1蛋白免疫小鼠,制备多克隆抗体,通过间接酶联免疫学方法测定其效价,检测其免疫原性。结果：成功构建了Ⅱ型登革病毒NS1蛋白的表达载体。Western blot显示表达的重组蛋白能够被NS1单抗特异性的结合,纯化复性后的重组蛋白在小鼠体内表现出良好的免疫原性。结论：重组表达的NS1蛋白有良好的免疫原性,为以后的NS1单克隆抗体的制备和登革病毒检测试剂盒的研制提供了良好的基础。