半干旱黄土丘陵区沙棘的光合特性及其影响因子

结合1998年半干旱黄土丘陵区安塞的观测资料,对沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides L.)的光合特性及影响因子进行了分析,结果表明(1)沙棘光合速率具有明显的日变化和季节变化,月均值为11.64 CO2μmol/m2·s.(2)沙棘光合速率与环境因子(气温、相对湿度、光合有效辐射及CO2浓度)间有显著的相关关系,复相关系数为0.716 8～0.874 5;沙棘光合速率与林地土壤水分间有极显著的相关关系,复相关系数达0.992 5,且沙棘光合速率的季节动态滞后于土壤水分的月变化.(3)沙棘光合速率与植物因子(气孔导度及细胞间CO2浓度)间有十分显著的相关关系,气孔导度或细胞间CO2浓度增大,沙棘光合速率增大,反之则减小,复相关系数达0.971 5和0.970 8.这为分析沙棘光合作用对环境因子的响应程度,分析沙棘最适生理生态条件,提高沙棘生产力提供科学依据.     

胡杨叶片气孔导度特征及其对环境因子的响应

依据2005年对极端干旱区荒漠河岸林胡杨的观测资料,对胡杨气孔运动进行了分析研究以揭示胡杨的水分利用特征与抗旱机理。结果表明:(1)胡杨叶片气孔导度日变化呈现为周期波动曲线,其波动周期为2 h,傍晚(20:00)波动消失;净光合速率和蒸腾速率与气孔导度的波动相对应而呈现同步周期波动。(2)胡杨的阳生叶气孔导度高于阴生叶,且不同季节气孔导度值不同,阳生叶气孔导度的季节变幅大于阴生叶。(3)胡杨气孔导度与气温、相对湿度和叶水势有显著相关关系,当CO2浓度较小时,胡杨气孔导度随CO2浓度的增加而增加,当CO2浓度达到一定值后气孔导度不再增加,反而随CO2浓度的增加大幅度降低。(4)胡杨适应极端干旱区生境的气孔调节机制为反馈式反应,即由于叶水势降低导致气孔导度减小,从而减少蒸腾耗水,达到节约用水、适应干旱的目的,表明胡杨的水分利用效率随气孔限制值的增大而减小,二者呈显著负相关。     

半干旱黄土丘陵区沙棘的水分生理生态及群落特性研究

１９７７～１９９８年在陕西吴旗、安塞半干旱黄土丘陵区对沙棘的水分生理生态及群落学特性进行了分析研究。试验结果表明：（１）沙棘有一定的耐旱能力,为广生态幅植物;（２）沙棘生长迅速,竞争力强,第３～４年即可形成茂密的单优群落,以后随着自然稀蔬,能形成良好的藻木一草本群落;（３）消棘适应半干旱黄土丘陵区陵区生境的水分生理生态特性是：棘缚水含量随灌木－－草本群落;（３）沙棘适应半干旱黄土丘陵区生境的水分生     

陕北水蚀风蚀交错带柠条适应不同生境的形态和生理可塑性

以陕北水蚀风蚀交错带4个不同坡位与土壤质地生境[沟底+坝淤绵沙土(A)、梁坡+红黄土(B)、坡顶+绵沙土(C)、坡顶+风沙土盖绵沙土(D)]中生长的柠条为研究对象,研究了其生长、光合和水力性状的可塑性变化,以揭示柠条对不同生境的适应机制。结果表明:(1)生境D和生境A样地1~3m和3m土层的平均含水量明显高于生境B和C;(2)与生境B和C相比,生境A和D中生长的柠条冠幅、株高和新枝长显著增加,叶厚度减小,正午叶水势、净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率亦显著增加,但不同生境中柠条枝比导水率、Huber值和栓塞程度无显著差异;(3)柠条各测定指标中,新枝长、净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率表现出较大的可塑性。研究认为,柠条可能主要通过新枝长或光合生理特征的改变来适应不同的水分生境。     

半干旱黄土丘陵区五种植物的生理生态特征比较

通过测定陕北黄土丘陵区5种植物在旱季的光合速率、蒸腾速率和叶水势日变化,将植物划分为不同的水分生态适应类型.结果表明:柳枝稷的光合生理特征属于高光合、低蒸腾和高水分利用效率类型,其抗旱适应性特征属于高水势延迟脱水类型;苜蓿属于高光合高蒸腾低水分利用效率类型,耐旱性为高水势延迟脱水型;达乌里胡枝子属于低光合、低蒸腾、低水分利用效率类型,耐旱性为高水势延迟脱水型;白羊草属于高光合、蒸腾较高的水分利用效率中等型,耐旱性属于能忍耐脱水造成的低水势的一类.沙打旺属于高光合中等蒸腾速率中等水分利用效率类型,耐旱性为低水势延迟脱水型.     

陕北沙地小叶杨“小老树”的水力适应性

以黄土高原"小老树"发生面积最大的树种-小叶杨为例,研究了不同水分生境下(水分相对好的沟道和干旱的梁坡片沙地,分别标记为生境A和生境B)小叶杨的生长、光合、水力学特性等,试图探讨小叶杨"小老树"对干旱生境的适应机制。结果表明:生境B小叶杨树高、地径、1 m树高处直径明显小于生境A,同时其主茎顶端枯枝长度大于生境A;生境B小叶杨叶净光合速率和气孔导度明显低于生境A。两种生境下小叶杨黎明前和正午叶水势无显著差异,生境B小叶杨正午时小枝枝干的比导水率明显低于生境A,但两种生境的比叶导水率则无显著差异,生境B小叶杨的Huber值明显大于生境A。生境B小叶杨枝干的P50(导水率损失50%时所对应的木质部水势)比生境A低约0.76 MPa左右,其气孔关闭的水势比生境A晚0.2 MPa左右,生境B小叶杨水分传输安全距离明显大于生境A。表明干旱生境下小叶杨高Huber值和低气孔导度有助于其叶水分关系维持相对稳定,低光合速率和维持大的水分传输安全距离所需的木质部碳投资增加是小叶杨形成"小老树"的重要原因。     

作物干旱指标对西北半干旱区春小麦缺水特征的反映

针对作物水分胁迫较为严重的西北半干旱区,应用CI301-PS光合作用仪对春小麦开花到乳熟期间的生理特征和环境因子进行了近1个月的观测, 并研究分析了3种作物干旱指标叶水势、作物水分胁迫指数以及气孔导度随时间变化和对气象因子的响应.发现干旱胁迫增加时,叶片水分减少,作物水分胁迫指数增大,叶水势降低,气孔导度有所减小.因此,气孔下腔的CO2浓度降低,作物净光合速率有所减小,不利于半干旱区小麦生物量的累积;三者相比,叶水势是反应西北半干旱区作物干旱最敏感的指标;受半干旱区逆湿现象的影响,9:00或之后一段时间观测叶水势和气孔导度对小麦等作物缺水状况反映得更客观.     

黄土丘陵区人工沙棘蒸腾作用研究

通过对沙棘叶片的蒸腾速率、气孔导度及其相应环境因子的测定,探讨黄土丘陵区安塞人工沙棘林的水分生理生态特征.结果表明沙棘蒸腾速率和气孔导度具明显的日变化,两者的变化趋势相似,5、7月份日变化曲线呈单峰型,6、8、9月份日变化曲线呈双峰型;在生长季(5～9月份)中7月份蒸腾速率最大,5、9月份较小,5月份(0.3900g/(g·h))仅为7月份(0.9350g/(g·h))的41.95%;沙棘林在生长季的蒸腾耗水量为257.56mm(占同期降雨量的63%),与降雨量间有极显著的相关关系.沙棘林的蒸腾耗水量在降雨量不同的月份有明显的差异,9月份(降雨量为43.2mm)的蒸腾耗水量为7月份(降雨量为130.1mm)的25.9%.黄土丘陵区安塞的环境条件基本满足沙棘生长的要求,沙棘可作为该区造林恢复植被的先锋树种.     

沙地生境和平茬年限对沙柳叶功能特征的影响

研究了毛乌素沙地南缘水滨边丘间地和干旱丘顶两种生境下沙柳平茬后不同年限(1、2、3～4和5～6年)对沙柳叶片光合气体交换、水分利用效率、结构特性及氮、磷养分含量等叶功能特征的影响.结果表明:水滨边丘间地沙柳叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、瞬时和长期水分利用效率均高于丘顶,但N、P养分含量低于丘顶;两种生境下沙柳的叶结构性状无显著差异.干旱生境下沙柳主要通过增加养分含量、降低光合和水分利用来生存.随平茬年限增加,叶片净光合速率和气孔导度显著下降,氮含量和瞬时水分利用效率亦呈下降趋势,且二者之间呈显著正相关;平茬后1年的叶面积最高,比叶质量和叶干物质含量最低,此后比叶质量增加,叶面积和干物质含量不变;叶结构性状与光合及养分特性之间无显著相关性.叶光合活性和氮含量的下降是沙柳随平茬年限增加而衰败的重要原因.     

半干旱黄土丘陵区沙棘和柠条水分利用与适应性特征比较

对半干旱黄土丘陵区坡地多年人工沙棘(Hippophae rhanvnoides)与柠条(Caragana korshinskii)林的土壤水分状况、生产力月动态以及光合生理和水势日变化特征进行比较．结果表明,沙棘与柠条深层土壤均存在不同程度的旱化现象,沙棘林在季节性土壤水分补偿深度和对深层低土壤水分的利用能力方面要强于柠条林．沙棘林的年度生产力大于柠条林．沙棘能够随着土壤水分条件的改善,而提高水分利用效率;柠条具有高光合特别是高蒸腾的光合生理特征,叶片水分利用效率较沙棘低．沙棘与柠条均兼具有御旱性与耐旱性,但沙棘对干旱的适应方式更积极主动．     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).