珍稀濒危植物长苞铁杉种群生命表分析

以种群生命表及生存分析理论为基础,编制珍稀濒危植物长苞铁杉种群生命表,绘制死亡密度函数曲线、危险率函数曲线及生存曲线,分析种群动态趋势。结果表明,长苞铁杉种群有２个死亡高峰,存活曲线趋于Ｄｅｅｖｅｙ－Ⅱ型。     

江西武夷山珍稀濒危植物南方铁杉种群动态与空间分布

明晰江西武夷山国家级自然保护区内180年生的珍稀濒危植物南方铁杉(Tsuga chinensis var.tchekiangensis)的种群特征，并提出针对性的保护策略，对南方铁杉种群的就地保护具有现实意义。通过分析保护区内6.4 hm~2动态监测固定样地的南方铁杉种群数据，编制了静态生命表，绘制了存活曲线、死亡率和消失率曲线、生存函数曲线，采用了时间序列模型对种群数量特征进行未来预测；同时，运用点格局分析Ripley′s K函数中的成对相关函数g(r)判断不同生长阶段的南方铁杉种群在不同尺度下的空间分布格局。结果表明：(1)南方铁杉种群的年龄结构呈“金字塔”型，属于衰退型种群；各龄级间的数量变化动态关系显示该种群在当前阶段呈增长型，但是种群的天然更新能力较差；(2)南方铁杉种群的存活曲线表现为Deevey-I型，种群个体在进入生理死亡阶段后产生一定的波动；(3)南方铁杉种群的生存率随龄级增加而逐渐下降，累积死亡率逐渐递增；死亡密度整体偏低，在第1—2龄级较高，总体波动幅度较小；危险率曲线总体呈现上升的趋势；(4)在经过不同龄级的时间后，南方铁杉幼龄树数量降低，中龄树和老龄树数量持平...     

POPULATION QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS AND DYNAMICS OF RARE AND ENDANGERED TSUGA TCHEKIANGENSIS IN JIULONGSHAN NATURE RESERVE OF CHINA

 针对九龙山国家级自然保护区南方铁杉(Tsuga tchekiangensis)种群的分布特点, 设置了10个具有代表性的样地。以种群生命表及生存分析理论为基础, 编制了南方铁杉种群的静态生命表, 绘制了存活曲线、死亡率曲线、消失率曲线、生存率曲线、累计死亡率曲线、种群死亡密度曲线和危险率曲线, 分析了种群数量特征; 同时结合谱分析方法, 分析了南方铁杉种群数量的动态变化。结果表明: 1) 南方铁杉种群结构存在波动性, 幼年阶段的个体较丰富, 成年个体数量相对较少, 种群趋于Deevey Ⅱ型。2) 南方铁杉种群死亡率和消失率曲线变化趋势基本一致, 均出现两个高峰, 一个出现在第5龄级阶段, 另一个出现在第15龄级阶段。3) 南方铁杉种群的生存率单调下降, 累计死亡率单调上升, 生存率下降趋势前期高于后期, 累计死亡率则相反。4) 4个生存函数曲线表明, 南方铁杉具有前期稳定、中期锐减和后期衰退的特点。5) 种群动态的谱分析显示, 南方铁杉种群动态除受基波影响外, 还存在着明显的小周期波动, 谐波A3处周期的波动与南方铁杉的高生长有关; A6处周期的波动与外界环境变化有关; A8处周期的波动与南方铁杉进入生理衰退期有关。     

台湾相思种群生命过程及谱分析

以种群生命表及生存分析理论为基础,编制台湾相思种群静态生命表,绘制存活曲线、死亡率曲线、亏损度曲线、死亡密度函数曲线、积累死亡函数曲线和危险率函数曲线,分析种群生命过程。结果表明,台湾相思有1个死亡高峰,存活曲线趋于Deevey-Ⅱ型;并应用谱分析方法研究台湾相思种群动态,结果表明,在台湾相思种群自然更新过程中存在着明显的周期性。     

武夷山米槠种群生命表分析

根据武夷山国家级自然保护区米槠种群的调查材料,编制其静态生命表,进行生成分析,通过绘制亏损率曲线,存活曲线,死亡率曲线,生存函数曲线,分析种群数量动态变化,结果表明,米槠种群有1个死亡高峰,出现在Ⅱ龄级的年龄阶段,存活曲线趋于Deevey-Ⅲ型,引入生命表中的几个函数能较好地说明种群的结构和动态变化。     

木荷天然种群生命表分析

以种群生命表及生存分析理论为基础,编制的木荷种群特定时间生命表,绘制死亡密度函数曲线、危险率函数曲线及生存曲线,分析种群动态趋势。结果表明,木荷种群有3个死亡高峰,个体平均生存能力的期望在第3龄级最大;存活曲线属于典型的Deevey-Ⅲ型,种群前期存活数随龄级急剧下降,只有11%的幼株能进入第2龄级,而后期存活值波动不大。     

广西大明山自然保护区蛇足石杉种群生命表及生存分析

为进一步探讨蛇足石杉濒危的机制, 以广西大明山自然保护区蛇足石杉种群为调查对象, 采用分段匀滑技术编制蛇足石杉种群静态生命表, 进行种群生存分析, 通过绘制亏损率曲线、存活曲线、死亡率曲线、生存函数曲线, 分析种群数量及动态变化。结果表明: 该蛇足石杉种群存活曲线趋于Deevey-Ⅱ型, 种群生长过程中在第Ⅳ龄级存在一个死亡高峰。说明在自然保护的情况下蛇足石杉种群的生存状况仍然严峻, 需适当进行人工保护并加强资源调查, 对优良种质进行异地保护。     

天目山自然保护区银杏天然种群生命表

以种群生命表和生存分析理论为基础,采用空间代替时间法和分段匀滑技术,编制浙江天目山自然保护区银杏天然种群特定时间生命表,绘制其死亡率曲线、消失率曲线、存活曲线和生存函数曲线,分析种群数量动态变化.结果表明:银杏种群结构存在波动性,趋于Deevey Ⅱ型,其成年阶段的个体较丰富;银杏种群死亡率和消失率曲线变化趋势基本一致...     

福建东山岛海岸带潺槁树种群生命表分析

为揭示海岸带天然植被中潺槁树种群生命过程,对东山岛海岸带风积沙地潺槁树林进行调查和数据统计,通过编制种群生命表,绘制存活曲线、死亡率曲线、亏损度曲线、死亡密度函数曲线、积累死亡函数曲线和危险率函数曲线,分析了其种群的年龄结构。结果表明,该种群的年龄结构呈反J分布型、属于增长型种群。其存活曲线介于Deevey-Ⅱ型和Deevey-Ⅲ型之间,呈现2个死亡高峰。4个生存函数值(生存率、积累死亡率、死亡密度、危险率)均说明该种群具有前期增长、后期稳定的特点。潺槁树是南亚热带季风常绿阔叶林优势种之一,对土壤、光的适应性强且生长迅速的一种优良前顶极种。研究结果对海岸带天然植被的恢复和重建提供了早期研究基础。     

河北辽河源自然保护区油松种群年龄结构和种群动态

本文基于种群生命表和生存分析理论,应用"空间代替时间"的方法和匀滑技术,编制了辽河源自然保护区油松(Pinus tabuliformis)种群的静态生命表,并绘制了其死亡率曲线、消失率曲线、存活曲线以及生存函数曲线。结果表明:油松种群呈波动式的发展,经历3次死亡高峰;种群年龄结构呈倒"J"型,幼苗数量较多,但从幼苗发展到幼树(第1龄级→第2龄级)阶段需通过环境筛的高强度选择,经历第1次死亡高峰;第2次和第3次死亡高峰分别发生在油松由次林层向主林层过渡时期(第7龄级→第8龄级)和生长后期(第11龄级→第12龄级),分别是竞争导致的自疏作用和步入生理死亡年龄的结果;种群的存活曲线趋近于Deevy-II型,为稳定型种群;4个生存函数表明,种群动态具有前期减少,中期稳定,后期衰退的特点。     

Characteristics of the membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius

Summary The membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius are investigated using thin section electron microscopy and freeze-fracture replicas. The plasma membrane is covered by a surface coat and is connected to the outer alveolar membrane by short, sometimes branched, bridges. The inner alveolar membrane is coated on both sides. The epiplasm lies in intimate contact with the cytoplasmic surface of this membrane, and there is a corresponding deposit on the other surface. This deposit is regularly striated.The epiplasmic layer and the alveoli are interrupted at sites of cytotic activity,e.g., the attachment sites of trichocysts, the cytoproct, and the parasomal sacs. The striated deposit ends where the epiplasm ends, indicating a direct relationship between these two epimembranous layers.There is a deposit along the sides of the first part of the tip of the trichocysts, and in this region the trichocyst membrane is free of intramembranous particles.The membrane of the parasomal sacs has a coat on both surfaces. That on the extraplasmic surface is similar to the surface coat of the plasma membrane. The origin of the cytoplasmic coat is unknown. The cytotic activity of these sacs is indicated by their highly irregular profiles.     

The early development of the tail and the transformation of the shape of the nucleus of the spermatid of the domestic fowl,Gallus gallus

Summary The differentiation of the spermatid, especially in reference to the formation of the flagellum, and transformation of the shape of the nucleus was investigated in the domestic fowl.In the early stage of the spermatid, a prominent Golgi apparatus appears around the centrioles. The Golgi vesicles then surround the axial-filament complex which develops from the distal centriole. These vesicles fuse to form continuous membrane at the earliest stage of flagellar formation, and in the succeeding stage Golgi lamellae are attached to the plasma membrane of the developing flagellum. From these observations, it is assumed that Golgi apparatus may be a source of the membrane system of the flagellum.The microtubules distributed around the nucleus form the circular manchette. The anterior region of the nucleus with the manchette is cylindrical in shape and the posterior region without it remains irregular in shape. When the circular manchette has been completed, the whole nucleus acquires a slender cylindrical shape. The circular manchette then changes into the longitudinal manchette. The nuclei of spermatids without a longitudinal manchette are abnormal in shape. In view of these observations it is assumed that the nuclear shaping of the spermatid may be accomplished by circular manchette and the maintenance of shape of the elongated nucleus by longitudinal manchette.The authors wish to thank Mr. Takayuki Mori for his helpful suggestions and technical advices     

Characterization of the composition of the aqueous humor and the vitreous body of the eye of the frog Rana temporaria L

This study aimed to analyze the aqueous humor (AH) and the vitreous body (VB) of the eye of the adult frog Rana temporaria L. as a representative species of amphibians, which lead a semi-terrestrial life. The presence of collagen, albumin, uric acid and electron donors was shown in both media; however, there are slight differences in their concentrations. To determine collagen, a spectral-fluorescent probe, cyanine dye, was used. The presence of collagen in AH of the frog was found at the first time. The total content of electron donors (ascorbic and uric acids, tryptophan, and tyrosine) in VB and HA was roughly estimated at ~ 1.5 × 10^− 4 mol/L. Both VB and AH absorb light in similar UV regions. The total protein and albumin contents in AH were found to be somewhat higher than those in VB. The uric acid content was at an equally low level in both intraocular media. It is supposed that the similarity of VB and AH compositions shown in this work is due to some exchange between VB and AH contents in the course of accommodation. The role of intraocular fluids in physiological functions of the eye and in protecting the retina against UV light is discussed.