细菌的数值分类方法

细菌的数值分类方法郭秀花,李爱国,冯丹,张德舜,朴相浩（解放军北京医学高等专科学校,北京１０００７１）数值分类已广泛应用于微生物学、动物学、植物学、古生物学等领域［１］。本文就细菌数值分类进行讨论。１数值分类的概念及发展概况细菌分类方法有：传统分类法...     

同功酶电泳图说类放线菌分类中的应用研究

从国内外收集部分放线菌的典型菌种,研究它们６种同功酶的凝胶电泳图谱。并进行了聚类分析。与现有分类方法比较,讨论了同功酶谱应用于放线菌分类的可能性及相关的问题,认为同功酶电泳图谱可以作为分类方法之一在放线菌分类中应用。     

同功酶电泳图谱在放线菌分类中的应用研究

从国内外收集部分放线菌的典型菌种,研究它们6种同功酶的凝胶电泳图谱。并进行了聚类分析。与现有分类方法比较,讨论了同功酶图谱应用于放线菌分类的可能性及相关的问题。认为同功酶电泳图谱可以作为分类方法之一在放线菌分类中应用。     

同功酶电泳图谱在放线菌分类中的应用研究*

从国内外收集部分放线菌的典型菌种,研究它们6种同功酶的凝胶电泳图谱。并进行了聚类分析。与现有分类方法比较,讨论了同功酶图谱应用于放线菌分类的可能性及相关的问题。认为同功酶电泳图谱可以作为分类方法之一在放线菌分类中应用。     

同工酶电泳技术在动物分类上的应用

本文系统地介绍了同工酶电泳技术应用于动物分类的理论基础和形式。与传统的分类方法相比较,同工酶电泳技术尚存在一些不足之处,但它弥补了传统方法在种下亚分类方面的缺陷,并且能成功地区分形态上十分接近的近缘种;电泳技术应用于分类学还能精确地阐明种以下各类群间、种间、甚至属间的遗传分化程度。遗传距离是用基因频率的函数表示的群体间的遗传差异;而固定指数则是表示某基因位点等基因频率在不同地区群体间分化程度的测度。     

山西蜜源植物花粉的数量分类研究

应用系统聚类模型对山西１３种蜜源植物花粉进行了数量分类研究,将它们分为５类,并论述了每类的显著特点,结果表明系统类方法应用于蜜源植物花粉的分类是有效的,此外,还讨论了系统聚类方法的适用性。     

基因组分析方法在微生物分类学中的应用

细菌分类学始于19世纪后半叶,当时主要是以表型标记和生理生化特性为基础的简单分类,之后DNA-DNA分子杂交、16S rRNA基因序列分析方法的出现给微生物分类带来了极大的便利。尽管如此,这些分类学方法仍然存在一些局限性,而基因组时代的到来,为微生物分类带来了新思路。本文主要介绍了5种基于全基因组数据的微生物分类方法,包括平均核苷酸同源性分析、核心基因组分析、最大唯一匹配指数分析、K串组分矢量法和基因流动性分析,并论述了这些方法在微生物分类学中的应用。     

关于植物群丛划分的探讨

在传统的植物群落分类系统中,群丛是植物群落分类的基本单位.从群丛分类的必要性出发,综述了传统植物群落分类系统中对群丛的定义及其划分方法,即在群丛的划分中主要依据群落中不同层片的优势种或特征种;但是在利用传统植物群落分类方法划分群丛时也存在一些不确定性因素,主要表现在确定群丛的特征种(组)时需要人为确定;同时,论述了当前植物群落数量分类的研究现状,分析了利用双向指示种分析法(TWINSPAN)、主成分分析(PCA)等数量分类方法划分群丛时存在的一些问题,主要表现在数量分类结果与传统分类单位的对应关系不能达到协调一致,无法判断是否划分到了群丛的水平.最后提出了群丛划分方法的展望:数量方法是基础,特征种(组)是及其数量特征是关键.     

核磁共振氢谱法在芹亚科植物化学分类中的简便应用

用核磁共振红谱（1H－NMR）方法对芹亚科14种植物的香豆素类成分进行了检测,然后用常规植物化学方法加以验证。结果表明,1H-NMR方法可以简便应用于芹亚科植物的化学分类。     

PCR-SSCP技术在微生物分类鉴定中的应用

PCR-SSCP是利用DNA单链构象具有多态性进行基因检测的一种分析技术,该技术敏感性高、操作简便,广泛应用于多种基因突变的检测和基因多态性分析,近年来,PCR-SSCP技术被大量应用于微生物学的研究中。综述了该技术的基本原理并主要对其在微生物学分类鉴定中的应用作了总结。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.