天然型与非天然型脱落酸的生物活性比较

采用新方法精制脱落酸（ＡＢＡ）异构体试样,提高了（Ｓ）－（＋）－ＡＢＡ与（Ｒ）－（－）－ＡＢＡ两对映体纯度。抑制生长试验和残留量分析以及气孔闭合试验表明：天然型（Ｓ）－（＋）－ＡＢＡ活性显著高于非天然型（Ｒ）－（－）－ＡＢＡ或（ＳＲ）－（±）－ＡＢＡ。抑制莴苣种子发芽５０％的活性强度,（Ｓ）－（＋）－ＡＢＡ约是（Ｒ）－（－）－ＡＢＡ的５倍,（ＳＲ）－（±）－ＡＢＡ介于两者之间。抑制萝卜下胚轴生长试验,最显著有效期为２～６ｄ,生理作用期约为一周,（Ｓ）－（＋）－ＡＢＡ活性是（Ｒ）－（一）－ＡＢＡ的３．５倍。鸭跖革气孔闭合试验,（Ｓ）－（＋）－ＡＢＡ活性比（Ｒ）－（－）－ＡＢＡ高１倍。     

酸枣的组织培养和植株再生

１植物名称酸枣（Ｚｉｚｙｐｈｕｓ　ｊｕｊｕｂａｖａｒ．Ｓｐｉｎｏｓａ）。２材料类别沂河岸堤自然生长的野生植株上的嫩芽。３培养条件诱导愈伤组织培养基：（１）ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ２ｍｇ·Ｌ’（单位下同）＋ＮＡＡ０．１;（２）ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ２＋ＮＡＡ０．２;（３）ＭＳ＋６．ＢＡ２＋ＮＡＡ０．４;（４）ＭＳ＋６．ＢＡ２＋ＮＡＡ１;（５）ＭＳ＋６．ＢＡ２＋ＮＡＡ０．０１;（６）ＭＳ＋６．ＢＡ２＋ＮＡＡ０．０５;（７）ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡＩ＋ＮＡＡ０．５。芽分化培养基：（８）ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡＩ;（９）ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ２;（…     

海马内生长抑素与γ－氨基丁酸在大鼠穿梭箱主动回避反应中的作用

本实验以大鼠穿梭箱主动回避反应（ＡＡＲ）的习得和消退为学习记忆的指标,研究了海马内生长抑素（ＳＳ）和γ－氨基丁酸（ＧＡＢＡ）在学习记忆中的作用。结果如下：（１）经训练而建立了ＡＡＲ的大鼠,其海马内ＳＳ较对照组显著增高,而海马内ＧＡＢＡ含量却明显降低;（２）海马内注入ＳＳ的耗竭剂半胱胺（Ｃｙｓ,２０ｇ／Ｌ）使大鼠ＡＡＲ的习得受到明显损害,ＡＡＲ的消退显著加速,海马内ＳＳ明显降低,而ＧＡＢＡ含量却显著升高;（３）海马内注入ＧＡＢＡ（２００ｇ／Ｌ）使大鼠ＡＡＲ的消退显著加速的同时,其海马内ＳＳ含量亦显著降低。由此表明,海马内ＳＳ可能有促进学习记忆的作用,而海马内ＧＡＢＡ升高则有相反的效应;二者在海马调控学习记忆过程中具有重要作用。     

赖草属5个种的核型与进化

报道了国产赖草属５个种的核型,即大赖草,２ｎ＝４ｘ＝２８＝２４ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋４ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ）;粗穗赖草２ｎ＝４ｘ＝２８＝２２ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋４ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ（２ＳＡＴ）;若羌赖草,２ｎ＝４ｘ＝２８＝２０ｍ（４ＳＡＴ）＋６ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ（２ＳＡＴ）;羊草,２ｎ＝４ｘ＝２８＝２２ｍ（４ＳＡＴ）＋２ｓｍ＋４ｓｔ（４ＳＡＴ）;窄颖赖草,２ｎ＝４ｘ＝２８＝２２ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋４ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋２ｓｔ（２Ｓ     

海马内生长抑素与γ—氨基丁酸在大鼠穿梭箱主动回避反应…

本实验以大鼠穿梭箱主动回避反应（ＡＡＲ）的习得和消退为学习记忆的指标,研究了海马内生长抑素（ＳＳ）和γ－氨基丁酸（ＧＡＢＡ）在学习记忆中的作用。结果如下：（１）经训练而建立了ＡＡＲ的大鼠,其海马内ＳＳ较对照组显著增高,而海马内ＧＡＢＡ含量去明显降低;（２）海马内注入ＳＳ的耗竭剂半胱胺使大鼠ＡＡＲ的习得受到明显损害,ＡＡＲ的消退显著加速,海马内ＳＳ明显降低,而ＧＡＢＡ含量去显著升高;（３）海马内注入     

异细胞质信息八倍体小偃麦（Trititrigia 8x）的选育及其性状与细胞遗传

本实验用普通小麦“中国春”和八种异细胞质“中国春”（Ａｅｇｉｌｏｐｓ ｖａｖｉｌｏｖｉｉ）ＣＳ,（Ａｅ．ｊｕｖｅｎａｌｉｓ）ＣＳ,（Ａｅ．ｃｒａｓｓａ）ＣＳ,（Ａｅ．ｃｏｍｏｓａ）ＣＳ,（Ａｅ．ｕｎｉａｒｉｓｔａｔａ）ＣＳ,（Ａｅ．ｓｐｅｌｔｏｉｄｅｓ．Ｍ．）ＣＳ,（Ａｅ．ｋｏｔｓｃｈｙｉ）ＣＳ．（Ｔ．ｔｉｍｏｐｈｅｅｖｉ）ＣＳ分别与八倍体小偃麦（Ｔｒｉｔｉｔｒｉｇｉａ ８ｘ）“远中２”、“远中４     

宫粉郁金的组织培养和快速繁殖

１植物名称宫粉郁金（Ｃｕｒｃｕｍａ　ｋｗａｎｇｓｉｅｎｓｉｓ）。２材料类别　块茎萌动芽。３培养条件　萌动芽生长培养基：（１）ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ１ｍｇ·Ｌ－１（单位下同）＋ＮＡＡ０．２。不定芽增殖与愈伤组织诱导培养基：（２）ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ１０＋ＫＴ５;（３）ＭＳ＋６．ＢＡ１０;（４）ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ５＋ＫＴ２．５;（５）ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ５;（６）ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ２＋ＫＴ１。生根培养基：（７）ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡ０．５;（８）ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ０．５＋ＮＡＡ０．５;（９）ＭＳ。以上培养基均加０．７％琼脂,３％蔗糖,ｐＨ５…     

花叶海棠长圆果变种的订正

花叶海棠长圆果变种的订正孙海群,张志和（青海畜牧兽医学院西宁８１０００３）ＡＲＥＶＩＳＩＯＮＯＦＭＡＬＵＳＴＲＡＮＳＩＴＯＲＩＡ（ＢＡＴＡＬ．）ＳＣＨＮＥＩＤ．ＶＡＲ．ＣＥＮＴＲＡＬＡＳＩＡＴＩＣＡ￥ＳｕｎＨａｉｑｕｎａｎｄＺｈａｎｇＺｈｉｈｅ（Ｑｉ...     

植物种质资源的超低温保存研究进展（综述）

植物种质资源的超低温保存研究进展（综述）殷晓辉,舒理慧（武汉大学生命科学学院,武汉４３００７２）ＡＤＶＡＮＣＥＳＩＮＣＲＹＯＰＲＥＳＥＲＶＡＴＩＯＮＲＥＳＥＡＲＣＨＯＮＰＬＡＮＴＧＥＲＭＰＬＡＳＭ￥ＹｉｎｇＸｉａｏｈｕｉ;ＳｈｕＬｉｈｕｉ（Ｓｃｈｏｏ...     

吉林省产5种百合的核型研究

报道了吉林省产５种百合科植物的染色体数目和核型：①毛百合Ｌｉｌｉｕｍ ｄａｕｒｉｃｕｍ Ｋｅｒ．－Ｇｅｗ１．２ｎ＝２４＝２ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋２ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋８ｓｔ（２ＳＡＴ）＋１２ｔ（２ＳＡＴ）;②有斑百合Ｌ．ｃｏｎｃｏｌｏｒ Ｓａｌｉｓｂ．ｖａｒ．ｂｕｓｃｈｉａｎｕｍ（Ｌｏｄｄ．）Ｂａｋｅｒ ２ｎ＝２４＝２ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋４ｓｍ（４ＳＡＴ）＋６ｓｔ（２ＳＡＴ）＋１２ｔ;③兰州百合Ｌ．ｄａｖｉｄ     

玉米秸秆还田培肥土壤的效果

辽北地区玉米根茬还田、秸秆直接还田或间接还田的3年微区培肥试验研究结果表明,无机肥的增产效果特别明显,而施有机物料,更主要的作用是改善土壤的物理、化学性质、培肥地力,与无肥对照相比,有机无机肥料配合施用可使土壤有机质提高3．06％－27．78％,各有机物料对土壤有机质提高的顺序依次为100％秸秆＞50％秸秆＞土粪＞牛粪＞33％秸秆＞根茬。在含C量相等的条件下,秸秆对土壤有机质的保持和提高好于土粪,土粪好于牛粪。同时,与单施化肥比,有机无机肥料配合施用可使土壤易氧化有机质增加10．91％－20．67％,使浸提腐殖酸提高1．43％－14．28％,使结合态腐殖酸的松／紧比值提高0．07－0．19,HA／FA比值提高0．07－0．24,并且能改善土壤的N、P、K营养状况、土壤水分和土壤孔隙状况,这标志着土壤有机质活性的提高和土壤肥力状况的改善。因此,应该大力提倡玉米秸秆秋季直接还田,其最佳施入量应为当年生产量的30％－50％。     

Distribution of total mercury in peat soil profiles in West Siberia

Total mercury content in peat soils of different botanical composition has been determined. Mercury content in peat depends on principal properties of peat soil such as botanical composition, ash content, degree of peat decomposition, as well as nitrogen, carbon, and humic acid content in peat. A model based on the mercury/biomass concept is proposed to determine the distribution of total mercury in peat soil profiles in West Siberia from the content of the main biogenic elements C and N.     

Microbial Respiration in Arctic Upland and Peat Soils as a Source of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide

Knowledge on soil microbial respiration (SMR) rates and thus soil-related CO₂ losses from Arctic soils is vital because of the crucial importance of this ecosystem within the global carbon (C) cycle and climate system. Here, we measured SMR from various habitats during the growing season in Russian subarctic tundra by applying two different approaches: ¹⁴C partitioning approach and root trenching. The variable habitats encompassed peat and mineral soils, bare and vegetated surfaces and included both dry and moist ones. The field experiment was complemented by laboratory studies to measure bioavailability of soil carbon and identify sources of CO₂. Differences in bioavailability of soils, measured in the laboratory as basal soil respiration rates, were generally greater than inter-site differences in SMR rates measured in situ, suggesting secondary constraints at field conditions, such as soil C content. There was a tendency towards lower SMR in vegetated peat plateaus compared to upland mineral tundra (on average 137 vs. 185 g CO₂ m^?2 growing season^?1, respectively), but no significant differences were found. Surprisingly, the bare surfaces (peat circles) with 3500-year-old C at the surface exhibited about the largest SMR among all sites as shown by both methods. This was related to the general development of peat plateaus in the region, and uplifting of deeper peat with high C content to the surface during the genesis of peat circles. This observation is particularly relevant for decomposition of deeper peat in vegetated peat plateaus, where soil material similar to the bare surfaces can be found. The data indicate that the large stocks of C stored in permafrost peatlands are principally available for decomposition despite old age.     

木质素锌肥在粤北石灰性土壤上的生物有效性研究

木质素锌肥是利用造纸工业副产品木质素为原料合成的一种有机微肥,通过淋溶与盆栽试验研究了木质素锌肥与无机锌肥在粤北两种石灰性土壤上的生物有效性差异．结果表明。木质素螯合锌被土壤固定、吸附量要明显小于无机锌,对于土壤B,当Zn用量为10mg·kg^-1时,木质素锌肥处理锌溶出量比无机锌高65．2％;施用木质素锌肥的处理玉米长势好,不仅生物量高过无机锌肥,而且更有利于玉米对锌的吸收,在土壤A上,当Zn用量为10mg·kg^-1时,木质素锌肥处理的生物量比无机锌增产16．3％。植株锌含量比无机锌肥高81．2％,木质素锌肥的生物有效性优于无机锌肥。     

The distribution of chromium-51 in lowland rice in relation to the chemical form and to the amount of stable chromium in the nutrient solution

Summary The effect of adding clay, moisture and the compaction on the physical properties of peat as well as the effect on transpiration and growth of tomato plants were investigated during short term laboratory experiments. The effect of 6, 12, and 20 cm peat height in beds with constand water level were investigated in a 5 months tomato crop.Admixture of clay reduced the porosity of the peat. Adding the clay at moderate pressure (10, 100 g cm^-2) decreased the amount of large pores (equivalent to pores emptied at pF 2.0) and to an increase of smaller pores (equivalent to pores emptied in the pF intervals 2.0–4.2). The reduction in the amount of large pores was greater with admixture of montmorillonite than with a soil clay. An increase of the soil clay content from 50 to 70 per cent had an insignificant effect on the amount of large pores. Increasing the moisture content of the peat resulted in that fewer pores were emptied at pF 1.3. At a pressure of 1000 g cm^-2 the decrease of large pores was more marked for pure peat than for mixtures of peat and soil clay. Increasing the pressures from 10 to 100 g cm^-2 had only a slight effect.For a mixture of peat and montmorillonite a linear relationship was found between the clay content and bulk density, while a curvilinear relationship existed for a mixture of peat and soil clay.In short term laboratory experiments with tomato seedlings transpiration and growth rate were at a maximum at a pF equivalent to 20–30 per cent airfilled pores. In a glasshouse experiment with tomatoes an increase was recorded in yield, size of fruit, leaf area and total dry matter production with increasing peat heights above a constant water level.The experimental results showed that porous root media, such as peat, should be treated to counteract the existence of zones having sub-optimal air content by use of sub-irrigation. re]19730227     

Biofiltration of ethylbenzene vapours: influence of the packing material

In order to investigate suitable packing materials, a soil amendment composed of granular high mineralized peat (35% organic content) locally available has been evaluated as carrier material for biofiltration of volatile organic compounds in air by comparison with a fibrous peat (95% organic content). Both supports were tested to eliminate ethylbenzene from air streams in laboratory-scale reactors inoculated with a two-month conditioned culture. In pseudo-steady state operation, experiments at various ethylbenzene inlet loads (ILs) were carried out. Maximum elimination capacity of about 120 g m(-3) h(-1) for an IL of 135 g m(-3) h(-1) was obtained for the fibrous peat. The soil amendment reactor achieved a maximum elimination capacity of about 45 g m(-3) h(-1) for an inlet load of 55 g m(-3) h(-1). Ottengraf-van den Oever model was applied to the prediction of the performance of both biofilters. The influence of gas flow rate was also studied: the fibrous peat reactor kept near complete removal efficiency for empty bed residence times greater than 1 min. For the soil amendment reactor, an empty bed residence time greater than 2 min was needed to achieve adequate removal efficiency. Concentration profiles along the biofilter were also compared: elimination occurred in the whole fibrous peat biofilter, while in the soil amendment reactor the biodegradation only occurred in the first 65% part of the biofilter. Results indicated that soil amendment material, previously selected to increase the organic content, would have potential application as biofilter carrier to treat moderate VOC inlet loads.     

Management of the margins in cutover bogs: ecological conditions and effects of afforestation

Several studies contributed to the development of restoration techniques for open Sphagnum-dominated habitats on peat-extracted bogs. Yet, in exception to some afforestation efforts, connectivity between restored sites and surrounding landscapes has received little attention. The general goal of this study is to ameliorate management of very shallow peat fields (<30 cm) located within the margins of peat-extracted bogs. Firstly, to assist decision making in peatland management, baseline ecological conditions, peat physicochemistry and spontaneous vegetation recolonization were assessed for 18 of these fields. This first study revealed that (1) concentrations of several macro-nutrients are almost one order of magnitude lower for unrestored fields than previously characterized natural lagg habitats of the same region, and (2) there is little spontaneous colonization. In a second study, peat chemistry and soil/air microclimate were evaluated in plantations established on shallow residual peat (a 21-year-old Larix laricina plantation and an 18-year-old Picea mariana plantation) and compared to adjacent unrestored shallow bare-peat fields. This second study showed that afforested peat fields are characterized by (1) a soil enriched in nutrients, notably in N, P, and K, and (2) a more humid and cooler microclimate at the soil/air interface, with less daily humidity and temperature fluctuations. These results indicate that afforestation is an appropriate approach to start an ecological recovery. Yet, the absence of natural recolonization by herbs and mosses in the understory of afforested peat fields suggests that reintroduction of appropriate understory species should also be considered if the goal is to restore a fully functional ecosystem.     

跨地带土壤置换实验研究

以温带针阔混交林暗棕壤地带内的白浆土、草甸土、泥炭土为原料,以长白山自然保护区内的寒温带山地棕色针叶林土为置换对象,完成了仿自然原型的土壤合成,进行了跨地带的土壤置换与植被生长实验研究。结果表明:①山地棕色针叶林土的腐殖质层厚度、酸度和速效氮含量为植被生长的限制性因子;②合成土壤理化指标必须以原生土壤限制因子拐点(值)指标为确定依据,作为合成土壤的关键性指标;③在长白山采用泥炭土与草甸土各占1/4,白浆土占1/2进行混合,土层厚度40cm,并使用石灰进行调酸达到中性后,植被恢复效果最好、造价最低。     

Accumulation of 90Sr in field crops in conditions of radioactive pollution of agricultural lands

In the field experiment the influence of manure, peat, lake silt and their combinations on the uptake of 90Sr by barley, corn and potatoes was studied. Saturation of soil with organic substance, the decrease in soil acidity resulted in the lower accumulation of 90Sr by plants. In the beginning of the experiment, the specific activity of barley grain was from 75 to 132 Bq/kg. After three years of application of fertilizers the content of 90Sr in the barley grain decreased to 39 Bq/kg. There were no increase in 90Sr accumulation by the basic field crops with time.     

添加玉米残体对土壤-植物系统中氮素转化的影响

采用盆栽试验和^15N示踪技术对黑土添加玉米残体(秸秆和根茬)土壤-植物系统中氮素转化进行了研究,结果表明,玉米残体还田能够增加土壤氮素含量,减轻因其作为燃烧材料而造成的氮素损失和对大气的污染,玉米残体施入土壤,增加了土壤微生物氮含量,提高土壤氮活性,有利于土壤氮素养分的协调供应,玉米残体配施氮肥与氮肥单施相比,玉米植株氮素累积量相近,但氮素在玉米植株不同器官中的分配比例不同;添加玉米残体能够促进氮素从营养器官向籽粒中转移,提高氮素养分的利用效率,同时,添加玉米残体还可以降低土壤NO^-3-N的累积,减少肥料氮的损失4．7％～5．6％。