王不留行中抗人微血管内皮细胞增殖的有效组分的分离和纯化

从中药王不留行中筛选具有抑制内皮细胞增殖的有效单一组分.大孔树脂吸附法进行总皂甙的分离纯化,分别收集不同浓度乙醇溶液洗脱液用SRB法进行细胞活性检测,选择有效部分用AKTA Resource柱分离,按紫外吸收峰收集洗脱液并进行活性验证,通过蒸发光散射检测组分复杂程度,选择活性高、丰度大、成份简单的峰进行C18柱分离.结果表明,王不留行提取液经大孔树脂分离和细胞活性检测发现50%～90%醇浓度洗脱液具有细胞活性,经AKTAResource柱分离得7种组份群(0～6),细胞活性测得3～6号组分有活性,选择4号组分过C18柱得5组分(A～E),B组分为有紫外吸收的主峰,但无细胞活性,其活性分布于D和E组分中,其IC50值为3.75 ug/ml,D组分经蒸发光散射检测为单峰.经上述方法分离纯化获得抑制人微血管内皮细胞增殖的单一组分群,其单一化合物具有潜在的利用价值.     

菠菜和水稻细胞色素b-559的分离纯化及其光谱性质研究

采用一种快速简捷的方法从菠菜(Spinacia oleracea L.)和水稻(Oryza sativa L.)中分离纯化了光系统Ⅱ反应中心内的细胞色素b-559,并且研究了其低温可见光区荧光光谱、室温紫外区荧光光谱、吸收光谱以及电泳特性.该方法的主要特点:1.以放氧核心复合物为起始材料以避免其他细胞色素的干扰;2.选用DEAE-Sephacel为层析介质,用等度洗脱除去杂蛋白和叶绿素;3.用同一介质不同条件去除过量的去垢剂.从两种植物中分离纯化的Cyt b-559具有相似的吸收光谱,在非变性电泳中有相同的泳动特征.用修订的适用于分析小蛋白的Tricine-SDS-PAGE证明,从两种植物中分离得到的Cyt b-559都是由两个多肽亚基组成,它们的表观分子量分别为9 kD和4 kD.低温荧光光谱的结果表明,Crt b-559的荧光激发峰位为413nm和439 nm,荧光发射峰位在563 nm和668 nm,首次证明Cyt b-559可以发出荧光并将电子传递给叶绿素.首次通过Cyt b-559的紫外荧光光谱证明Trp残基位于该蛋白的疏水跨膜区内.     

具放氧活性的光系统Ⅱ核心复合物的光谱特性和叶绿素蛋白质成分的研究

我们从菠菜叶片分离出一种具有高放氧活性的光系统Ⅱ(PSII)核心复台物.我们对这种PSII核心复合物进行了PSII光化学活性、吸收、荧光光谱特性和叶绿素蛋白质成分的研究.这种PSII核心复合物是一种不含PSI成分,又除去了LHC-Ⅱ的较纯,较小的具有高放氧活性(?)的单位.在文中对PSII反应中心叶绿素的吸收成分和CPa带进行了一些讨论.     

具放氧活性的光系统Ⅱ核心复合物的光谱特性和叶绿素蛋白质成分的研究

我们从菠菜叶片分离出一种具有高放氧活性的光系统Ⅱ(PSII)核心复台物.我们对这种PSII核心复合物进行了PSII光化学活性、吸收、荧光光谱特性和叶绿素蛋白质成分的研究.这种PSII核心复合物是一种不含PSI成分,又除去了LHC-Ⅱ的较纯,较小的具有高放氧活性(?)的单位.在文中对PSII反应中心叶绿素的吸收成分和CPa带进行了一些讨论.     

血卟啉及其衍生物在水溶液和细胞内的时间分辨荧光的研究

本文报道了血叶啉衍生物(Hpd)及其由高压液相色谱法分离制备的4种主要成分以及血叶啉,血叶啉二盐酸盐和原叶啉(Ⅸ)二钠盐等8种叶啉衍生物分别在水溶液和CHO细胞内的荧光衰变动力学的研究,实验表明,除Hpd分离组分d的荧光寿命略短外,其余7种在水落液里的荧光寺命均在15ns左右,并发现它们的荧光态在细胞内衰变加快,然而,分离组分d在细胞内的荧光寿命却明显加长.根据实验结果,本文对叶啉衍生物的最低激发单线态在细胞内的驰豫过程提出了一种可能的模式,它反映了叶啉衍生物在细胞内与某种细胞组分的结合以及它们之间的能量传递.分析表明,荧光寿命的缩短意味着光敏效率的降低.     

CorTectorTM SX100：一款桌面式荧光相关光谱仪的原理和应用

荧光相关光谱检测技术具有超灵敏(单分子)、快速(数秒至数分钟)和多功能(检测分子浓度、大小和相互作用)等技术优点,且无需反应物分离,因此有潜力成为一种新型均相、高敏荧光免疫检测技术,适用于在溶液中或单个活细胞内检测生物分子特性．本文首先介绍荧光相关光谱检测技术的原理和研究进展,然后结合项目团队自主研发的目前全球唯一一款可靠、易使用的桌面式荧光相关光谱仪,进一步探讨荧光相关光谱检测技术的具体实现和潜在应用．     

银环蛇毒素对白血病K562细胞株凋亡诱导作用的研究

蛇毒具有对人慢性粒细胞白血病 K5 62细胞株的毒性作用 ,作者从含有十几种毒素组份的江西产银环蛇毒素中筛选出可能诱导细胞凋亡的组份 ,探讨银环蛇毒素及其若干组份在体外对白血病 K5 62细胞株的凋亡诱导作用 ,为蛇毒用于治疗白血病提供理论依据。作者采用阳离子交换层析法提取银环蛇粗毒 ,并用 SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶梯度电泳将银环蛇粗毒分为若干组份 ,然后对银环蛇粗毒及其若干组份素进行毒性测定 ( LD50 测定 )。利用荧光染色法和流式细胞仪对经蛇毒粗毒及其组份处理过的白血病 K5 62细胞进行细胞凋亡检测。结果除 峰毒素外 ,银环蛇…     

离心法分离毕赤酵母活细胞和死细胞

本文以毕赤酵母为研究对象,探索出一种分离活酵母细胞的新方法。研究发现,通过改变淋巴细胞分离液和50%聚蔗糖溶液的比例,获得不同密度的酵母细胞分离液,进而通过离心分层的方法可使毕赤酵母活细胞主要存留于离心液的上层。当酵母细胞分离液的密度为1.1467 g/mL (27.5%淋巴细胞分离液+72.5%聚蔗糖溶液),分离液上下层中酵母活细胞的分配比例差别达到最大,分别为94.67%(分离液上层)和5.33%(分离液下层)。毕赤酵母细胞浓度为4.35×108~1.13×109/mL时,活细胞在分离液上下两层的分配比例约为95%和5%。低毕赤酵母细胞存活率有利于离心分离。本方法可用于有效分离培养液中的毕赤酵母活细胞。     

柱孢鱼腥藻(Anabaena cylindkica)营养细胞和异形胞叶绿素蛋白复合体的比较研究

比较了柱孢鱼腥藻(Anabaena cylindrica)营养细胞和异形胞类囊体膜叶绿素蛋白复合体的种类和性质。以SDS增溶营养细胞类囊体膜和不连续聚丙烯酰胺电泳分离得到4个P700叶绿素a蛋白复合体,分别为GPIa、CPIb、CPIc和CPI;和1个系统Ⅱ叶绿素蛋白复合体CPa。相对迁移率小的4个复合体含有P700,呼收光谱红区吸收峰为675nm,液氮低温荧光发射光谱有728nm荧光发射峰。CPIa和CPI的分量子分别为205 和105千道尔顿。未见诸文献的CPIb和CPIc复合体的分子量介于CPIa和CPI之间。相对迁移率较大的CPa有着吸收光谱红区672nm吸收峰,液氮低温荧光发射光谱有687nm荧光发射峰,分子量为56千道尔顿。同时化学氧化还原差示光谱不表现P700吸收降低。柱孢鱼腥藻异形胞类囊体膜经SDS增溶和电泳分离得到2个系统Ⅰ叶绿素蛋白复合体,它们的吸收光谱特性和分子量大小相近于营养细胞分离的CPIa和CPI复合体。异形胞类囊体膜缺少系统Ⅱ叶绿索蛋白复合体。     

螺旋藻藻胆体核心复合物结构与功能的研究──四种变藻蓝蛋白复合物的分离及光谱特性的研究

从螺旋藻（Ｓｐｉｒｕｌｉｎａｐｌａｔｅｎｓｉｓ）的藻胆体中分离出四种不同光谱形线的变藻蓝蛋白（ＡＰＣ）复合物：ＡＰＩ,ＡＰⅡ,ＡＰⅢ,ＡＰＢ,利用吸收光谱,荧光光谱（室温和低温）以及荧光激发偏振光谱比较了ＡＰＣ复合物三聚体和单体的光谱特性,四种ＡＰＣ复合物三聚体的最大吸收和最大发射峰位置各不相同,ＡＰⅡ和ＡＰⅢ位于短波区（最大吸收波长在～６５０ｎｍ,最大发射波长在６６２～６６４ｎｍ）ＡＰＩ和ＡＰＢ     

DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES IN ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY IN MOUSE AND MAN

The effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy is easily demonstrated in many mouse models, whereas in man the response is good but far less spectacular. With the aid of a mathematical model the following variables in which differences may exist between mouse and man were tested: 1. Uniformity of tumour load in population 2. Cell kinetic factors in drug sensitivity 3. Variation of drug sensitivity among tumours 4. Drug penetration into tumour 5. Tumour antigenicity 6. Variation in growth rate among tumours It is concluded that factors 1 and 3 are responsible for the difference. Mouse models are more sensitive by selection of an effective drug and an optimal tumour load. Other factors seem not to affect the results.     

七筋姑的大小孢子发生雌雄配子体发育及多糖物质的动态

七筋姑(Clintonia udensis Trautv. et Mey)具倒生胚珠、双珠被、薄珠心、单个孢原。大孢子母细胞减数分裂后形成1 3排列,合点端三核退化,珠孔端有功能的大孢子核进行两次有丝分裂。成熟胚囊具5核或6核,即1组卵器、1上极核、合点端的1个或2个退化核。胚囊发育为四孢子、高度退化的贝母型。花药壁由表皮、药室内壁、两层中间层及绒毡层组成,发育属单子叶型。绒毡层解体方式为分泌型。小孢子母细胞减数分裂时胞质分裂为连续型。二轴对称式四分体,2-细胞成熟花粉粒。组织化学表明:大小孢子发生及雌雄配子体形成过程中的不溶性多糖颗粒的分布呈现规律性变化。     

EMBRYO GROWTH AND SEED SIZE IN RAPHANUS SATIVUS: MATERNAL AND PATERNAL EFFECTS IN VIVO AND IN VITRO

Theories on the evolution of the angiosperm seed disagree as to the effects of different plant tissues on embryo growth. To examine the relative contributions of maternal and paternal genes on embryo growth, we conducted controlled crosses in the greenhouse with wild radish plants (Raphanus sativus), looked for maternal, paternal, and interaction effects on embryo development, and compared the performance of embryos within fruits and in embryo culture. Maternal plant identity affected fruit set, seeds per fruit, embryo developmental stage, and mean seed weight. In embryo culture, maternal effects were found for cotyledon size and embryo weight. Paternal effects were fewer or smaller in magnitude than maternal effects. The identity of the pollen donor affected embryo developmental stage and mean seed weight. In culture, paternal effects were detected for cotyledon size and embryo weight. Our results demonstrate that both maternal and paternal elements affect embryo growth. The fact that maternal effects are greater than paternal effects on embryo development in culture may result from cytoplasmic elements or maternal nuclear genes. Embryo performance in vivo compared to that in vitro varied among maternal plants. The interaction between an embryo and its endosperm and maternal tissues may be either positive or negative, depending upon the maternal plant and the embryo's developmental stage.     

VARIATION IN PREFERENCE AND SPECIFICITY IN MONOPHAGOUS AND OLIGOPHAGOUS SWALLOWTAIL BUTTERFLIES

Although variation in oviposition preference and specificity for host plants has been demonstrated within populations of a variety of oligophagous insect species, it is unknown whether genetic variation in host choice is lost within populations of monophagous species. Analysis of a locally monophagous butterfly species, Papilio oregonius, and a locally oligophagous species, P. zelicaon, showed significant variation in oviposition preference within populations of both species. Females of both species chose primarily their native hosts. Nonetheless, the percentages of eggs laid by individual females among the plant species and the number of plant species on which individual females laid eggs differed significantly among isofemale strains within populations. Moreover, some females within all isofemale strains of both species laid a few eggs on Foeniculum vulgare, an umbelliferous species that does not occur in the native habitats of these populations but is a host for Papilio species in other geographic areas. The results suggest that local monophagy and oligophagy in these species reflect the relative ranking among potential plant species. Both populations harbor variation in oviposition choice that could allow for host shifts if these populations invaded new habitats.     

MEGAGAMETOPHYTE AND NUCELLUS IN RESTIONACEAE AND FLAGELLARIACEAE

Restionaceae are characterized by Polygonum-type development, a well-developed hypostase, the presence of starch grains in the mature female gametophyte, and a thick nucellus that is uniseriate at the micropylar end. Flagellaria indica differs in these characters. In general, proliferation of antipodals occurs in South African taxa of Restionaceae but not in Australasian taxa. The presence of multiplied antipodals is the usual condition in the allied family Poaceae, but the sporadic occurrence of this character in Restionaceae cannot be used to support the view that the two families are sister groups.