江苏滆湖浮游藻类群落结构特征

2004年4月—-2006年1月对江苏滆湖的浮游藻类进行了调查,分析了浮游藻类的群落结构、物种多样性以及浮游藻类与滆湖理化参数的相互关系。调查共鉴定出浮游藻类8f7147属267种,绿藻种类最多,其次是硅藻和蓝藻;优势种主要是铜绿微囊藻（Microcystis aeruginosa）、不定微囊藻（M.incerta）、点状平裂藻（Merismopedia punctata）、微小平裂藻（M.tenuissima）、线形棒条藻（Rhabdoerma lineare）和小空星藻（Goelastrum microporum）;总藻类密度年平均值为4871．09×10^-4 ind·L^-1,生物量年平均值为7．302mg·L^-1;密度秋季最高,生物量春、秋季较高;春季藻类物种多样性最高,多样性指数与其藻类密度负相关而与藻类生物量正相关;滆湖浮游藻类现存量由北向南逐渐减小,北部湖区与中部湖区浮游藻类现存量差异不显著,与南部湖区的差异显著,中部湖区与南部湖区间差异不显著。     

太湖夏季浮游细菌群落多样性的空间格局

为了研究太湖夏季浮游细菌群落多样性与水体营养盐的关系,在太湖全湖范围内开展了一次大规模浮游细菌采样调查,分析了太湖不同湖区浮游细菌丰度和多样性组成。研究发现,浮游细菌丰度在不同湖区中存在明显的空间差异,从北部和西部湖区沿湖流向东南方向至湖心和南部沿岸再到东部湖区呈下降趋势,这与太湖水体营养水平从高到低变化趋势一致。浮游细菌丰度与营养盐浓度回归分析结果显示,总磷（TP）与细菌丰度存在较好的正相关（R2=0.6392,n=29,P0.01）,而总氮（TN）与细菌丰度无显著相关（R2=0.0663,n=29,P0.05）。因此,磷是太湖夏季浮游细菌生长的限制因子。不同湖区营养盐与浮游细菌群落多样性也具有显著的正相关,随着营养水平的升高,浮游细菌多样性增加。此外,细菌群落的组成在不同湖区间亦具有明显的空间异质性,与不同湖区营养水平空间变化一致。研究结果将有助于人们更好地理解淡水湖泊中微生物循环和生态系统功能。       

湛江海域浮游藻类生态及其多样性

近岸海域富营养化导致浮游藻类大量繁殖,影响海域生系统平衡。对湛江海域浮游藻类种类组成、数量分布、群落结构等进行冬、夏二季调查,得出湛江海域以硅藻门（Ｂａｃｌｌａｒｉｏ－ｐｈｙｔａ）为主要优势类群。夏季种类多样性高于冬季;赤潮生物种种类、数量均夏季高于冬季。     

三峡水库神农溪2014年春季浮游藻类演替成因分析

摘要：【目的】研究三峡水库神农溪库湾春季水华期间浮游藻类演替及其成因分析。【方法】2014年3–5月在神农溪库湾布置了6个断面(SN01–SN06),在神农溪汇入长江干流河口附近水域设置1个断面CJBD,对浮游藻类、相关环境因子及水动力因子进行了同步监测,据此分析了水体层化结构及水动力特性。【结果】神农溪在监测时段内共检测到浮游藻类6门38种(属);库湾浮游藻类生物量时间上差异显著(ANOVA,P<0.05)。春季浮游藻类群落结构具有明显的演替规律,3月份暴发大面积的硅藻水华（藻密度>100×105 cells/L),小环藻(Cyclotella spp.)为优势藻种;4月在SN02–SN06暴发以小球藻(Chlorella spp.)为主要优势种、衣藻(Chlamydomonas spp.)为次优势种的绿藻水华(藻密度>100×105 cells/L),5月份受水位大幅消落影响,浮游藻类生物量降低且无明显优势藻种。【结论】在具备充足的营养盐的水体中,水体层化结构与水动力特性对浮游藻类演替影响重大。三峡水库水位处于快速消落阶段时,流速成为抑制神农溪库湾藻类生长的主要因素。     

武汉东湖浮游藻类物种多样性的研究

从 1994年 1月至 1996年 12月 ,每月定期从东湖四个常规采样站采集浮游藻类标本进行研究。经鉴定共发现 2 6 0个分类单位 ,隶属于 7个门的 99个属 ,其中有 2种为中国新记录。以 1995年浮游藻类的群落结构进行分析的结果是 :浮游藻类的种类数以绿藻门最多 ,硅藻门次之 ;各站基本上均以夏季种类最多 ,其次为秋季和春季 ,冬季最低 ;四个站中分布的种类差异不明显 ,各站都出现的种类数占全部种类数的 39.6 % ;不同的站或同一个站在不同的季节其优势类群亦不同。计算了与水体营养类型有关的浮游藻类群落的两种指标—多样性指数和硅藻商。对东湖浮游藻类群落结构的特征及变化与水质的关系进行了探讨 ,从浮游藻类群落的演替指出东湖的富营养化程度自2 0世纪 5 0年代以来一直在加剧。     

太湖夏季浮游细菌群落多样性的空间格局简

为了研究太湖夏季浮游细菌群落多样性与水体营养盐的关系,在太湖全湖范围内开展了一次大规模浮游细菌采样调查,分析了太湖不同湖区浮游细菌丰度和多样性组成。研究发现,浮游细菌丰度在不同湖区中存在明显的空间差异,从北部和西部湖区沿湖流向东南方向至湖心和南部沿岸再到东部湖区呈下降趋势,这与太湖水体营养水平从高到低变化趋势一致。浮游细菌丰度与营养盐浓度回归分析结果显示,总磷(TP)与细菌丰度存在较好的正相关(R2=0.6392,n=29,P0.01),而总氮(TN)与细菌丰度无显著相关(R2=0.0663,n=29,P0.05)。因此,磷是太湖夏季浮游细菌生长的限制因子。不同湖区营养盐与浮游细菌群落多样性也具有显著的正相关,随着营养水平的升高,浮游细菌多样性增加。此外,细菌群落的组成在不同湖区间亦具有明显的空间异质性,与不同湖区营养水平空间变化一致。研究结果将有助于人们更好地理解淡水湖泊中微生物循环和生态系统功能。     

东太湖地区湿地水质与浮游细菌群落结构关联性研究北大核心

[目的]考察东太湖地区湿地水质与浮游细菌群落结构之间的关联,探索对湿地水质具有指示作用的微生物。[方法]应用高通量测序研究浮游细菌群落结构;通过相关性分析考察了浮游细菌群落多样性与水质的关联,并运用LEf Se分析定位不同水质水样的标志微生物。[结果]东太湖湿地浮游细菌主要分布于放线菌门(相对丰度34.78%)、变形菌门(26.30%)及蓝细菌门(19.28%)等7个门;水质指标综合得分与浮游细菌群落香农-威纳指数和辛普森指数分别显著相关(r=-0.597,p<0.05;r=0.694,p<0.01);蓝细菌门与伯克氏菌科的相对丰度在不同水质水样中差异最为显著(LDA得分>4.0)。[结论]东太湖地区,较高的浮游细菌多样性表征较好的湿地水质;蓝细菌相对丰度较高(27.80%)指示湿地水质较差,而伯克氏菌相对丰度较高(5.48%)指示湿地水质相对较好。     

沉积物再悬浮对浮游藻类影响的模拟实验研究

作为浅水湖泊的重要特性之一,由风浪等动力作用引起的沉积物再悬浮对浮游藻类的初级生产力、群落结构具有重要意义。本研究通过生长季节(5-6月)在太湖梅梁湾湖岸的中宇宙模拟实验,比较在同样的外源负荷下浮游藻类对不同的沉积物再悬浮程度的影响特征,以及其主要的影响因子。实验在约250L的大桶中进行,通过位于沉积物-水界面的水泵的动力作用,模拟了三个不同程度沉积物再悬浮:无再悬浮即对照、弱悬浮和强悬浮程度。实验结果显示:(1)对照、弱悬浮和强悬浮之间悬浮物浓度呈显著性梯度变化,平均值分别为5、30、40 mg·L^-1,水下20cm光密度分别为表面光密度的80%、35%和25%。TN和TP在悬浮处理组显著高于对照组,但是弱悬浮和强悬浮之间差异不显著。生物可利用的各种溶解性营养盐形式对再悬浮的响应特征不明显。(2)浮游藻类生物量和群落结构对再悬浮的响应显著。对照组的Chla在整个实验阶段都很低,强悬浮组和弱悬浮组的平均Chla分别5倍和2倍于对照组。实验初始浮游藻类群落种类多样性低,优势种群主要为隐藻(隐藻属Cryptomonas spp.和蓝隐藻Chroomonas acuta)。再悬浮处理显著促进了隐藻的生长,但弱悬浮和强悬浮之间差异不显著。对照组优势种群演替为微小型种类蓝隐藻和绿藻门的纤维藻属(Ankistrodesmus sp.)。(3)以相对丰度为统计数据,浮游动物群落结构对再悬浮的响应显著,弱悬浮和强悬浮之间差异不显著。对照组的枝角类大型种类溞属(Daphnia spp.)丰度显著高于再悬浮处理组,枝角类小型种类象鼻溞属(Bosmina spp.)和网纹溞属(Ceriodaphnia spp.)、轮虫丰度则呈相反趋势。可见,再悬浮促进了沉积物营养盐的释放和水下光照的衰减,还影响了浮游动物的群落结构,使其向摄食藻类能力较差的种类演替,从而在上行(bottom-up)和下行(top-down)两个方面影响了浮游藻类的现存量和群落结构。     

滦河干流中上游浮游细菌群落多样性及其影响因素

浮游细菌是河流生态系统中营养元素的转运者和能量流动的主要贡献者,其群落组成和多样性会受沿途河岸带环境的影响,但目前对开放流动水体中浮游细菌群落的研究还不足。研究使用高通量测序方法,获取了滦河中上游21个样点的浮游微生物群落数据,并结合遥感数据和水体理化指标进行分析,探讨浮游细菌群落结构与水环境因子的关系。结果表明：(1)变形菌门和放线菌门是滦河干流中占据优势地位的门类。(2)群落Chao1丰富度指数与Shannon′s多样性指数均与采样点距河流源头距离存在显著负相关(P<0.05),其中Chao1丰富度指数在河流中段的反常升高暗示着外源性偶见种在该河段的大量涌入。(3)采样点距源头距离与细菌群落组成相关性最高;以距源头距离作为控制变量,只有总氮、硝酸盐氮、氨氮与细菌群落组成相关(P<0.05),表明距源头距离所代表的滞水时间和氮营养盐对细菌群落组成存在显著影响。(4)在4种土地利用因子中,无论是否以距源头距离作为控制变量,只有建设用地占比与细菌群落组成相关(P<0.05);若以硝酸盐氮、电导率作为控制变量,则建设用地占比与细菌群落组成在α=0.05的显著性水平下不再显...     

东太湖地区湿地水质与浮游细菌群落结构关联性研究

[目的]考察东太湖地区湿地水质与浮游细菌群落结构之间的关联,探索对湿地水质具有指示作用的微生物。[方法]应用高通量测序研究浮游细菌群落结构;通过相关性分析考察了浮游细菌群落多样性与水质的关联,并运用LEf Se分析定位不同水质水样的标志微生物。[结果]东太湖湿地浮游细菌主要分布于放线菌门(相对丰度34.78%)、变形菌门(26.30%)及蓝细菌门(19.28%)等7个门;水质指标综合得分与浮游细菌群落香农-威纳指数和辛普森指数分别显著相关(r=-0.597,p0.05;r=0.694,p0.01);蓝细菌门与伯克氏菌科的相对丰度在不同水质水样中差异最为显著(LDA得分4.0)。[结论]东太湖地区,较高的浮游细菌多样性表征较好的湿地水质;蓝细菌相对丰度较高(27.80%)指示湿地水质较差,而伯克氏菌相对丰度较高(5.48%)指示湿地水质相对较好。     

Relationship between bacterioplankton and phytoplankton community dynamics during late spring and early summer in Lake Taihu, China

The relationship between bacterioplankton and phytoplankton community compositions was investigated from April to June, 2005 with samples taken at five different stations in Lake Taihu, China. Bacterioplankton and phytoplankton community compositions as determined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of polymerase chain reaction amplified bacterial 16S rRNA gene fragments (PCR-DGGE) and microscopic examination, respectively, revealed a high degree of diversity. In total, 43 unique bands were identified amongst the DGGE profiles, and 29 dominant phytoplankton populations were observed. The DGGE profiles were clustered into two distinct groups. These two clusters were closely associated with two dominant phytoplanktons, Ulothrix sp. and Microcystis spp., as observed on April 19, May 27 and June 27, 2005, respectively. The relationship between bacterioplankton and phytoplankton community compositions was investigated using Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) with the Shannon-Wiener diversity index of phytoplankton community (Hp), the total cell abundance of phytoplankton (N) and the relative abundance of Microcystis spp. (M) as the variables. The CCA results indicated a 30.9 % correlation coefficient, suggesting a high degree of correlation between bacterioplankton and phytoplankton community compositions.     

Relationship between bacterioplankton and phytoplankton community dynamics during late spring and early summer in Lake Taihu, China

The relationship between bacterioplankton and phytoplankton community compositions was investigated from April to June, 2005 with samples taken at five different stations in Lake Taihu, China. Bacterioplankton and phytoplankton community compositions as determined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of polymerase chain reaction amplified bacterial 16S rRNA gene fragments (PCR-DGGE) and microscopic examination, respectively, revealed a high degree of diversity. In total, 43 unique bands were identified amongst the DGGE profiles, and 29 dominant phytoplankton populations were observed. The DGGE profiles were clustered into two distinct groups. These two clusters were closely associated with two dominant phytoplanktons, Ulothrix sp. and Microcystis spp., as observed on April 19, May 27 and June 27, 2005, respectively. The relationship between bacterioplankton and phytoplankton community compositions was investigated using Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) with the Shannon-Wiener diversity index of phytoplankton community (Hp), the total cell abundance of phytoplankton (N) and the relative abundance of Microcystis spp. (M) as the variables. The CCA results indicated a 30.9 % correlation coefficient, suggesting a high degree of correlation between bacterioplankton and phytoplankton community compositions.     

Changes in bacterioplankton composition under different phytoplankton regimens

The results of empirical studies have revealed links between phytoplankton and bacterioplankton, such as the frequent correlation between chlorophyll a and bulk bacterial abundance and production. Nevertheless, little is known about possible links at the level of specific taxonomic groups. To investigate this issue, seawater microcosm experiments were performed in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Turbulence was used as a noninvasive means to induce phytoplankton blooms dominated by different algae. Microcosms exposed to turbulence became dominated by diatoms, while small phytoflagellates gained importance under still conditions. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of 16S rRNA gene fragments showed that changes in phytoplankton community composition were followed by shifts in bacterioplankton community composition, both as changes in the presence or absence of distinct bacterial phylotypes and as differences in the relative abundance of ubiquitous phylotypes. Sequencing of DGGE bands showed that four Roseobacter phylotypes were present in all microcosms. The microcosms with a higher proportion of phytoflagellates were characterized by four phylotypes of the Bacteroidetes phylum: two affiliated with the family Cryomorphaceae and two with the family Flavobacteriaceae. Two other Flavobacteriaceae phylotypes were characteristic of the diatom-dominated microcosms, together with one Alphaproteobacteria phylotype (Roseobacter) and one Gammaproteobacteria phylotype (Methylophaga). Phylogenetic analyses of published Bacteroidetes 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed that members of the Flavobacteriaceae are remarkably responsive to phytoplankton blooms, indicating these bacteria could be particularly important in the processing of organic matter during such events. Our data suggest that quantitative and qualitative differences in phytoplankton species composition may lead to pronounced differences in bacterioplankton species composition.     

Bacterioplankton Community Composition in Five Lakes Differing in Trophic Status and Humic Content

Abstract To investigate the relation between lake type and bacterioplankton community composition, five Swedish lakes, which differed from each other in nutrient content and water color, were studied. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of 16S rDNA was used to examine community composition. The DGGE-patterns of the different samples were analyzed in relation to physical, chemical, and biological data from the lakes by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The three variables found to most strongly correlate with the DGGE patterns were biomasses of microzooplankton, cryptophytes, and chrysophytes, suggesting that these biota had an impact on bacterioplankton community structure. Two of the three factors were, in turn, significantly correlated to parameters associated with the trophic status of the lakes, indicating that the nutrient content of the lakes, at least indirectly, influenced the structure of the bacterioplankton community. The relation to water color was less pronounced. Received: 16 February 2000; Accepted: 27 April 2000; Online Publication: 18 July 2000     

Seasonal dynamics of bacterioplankton community structure in a eutrophic lake as determined by 5S rRNA analysis.

Community structure of bacterioplankton was studied during the major growth season for phytoplankton (April to October) in the epilimnion of a temperate eutrophic lake (Lake Plusssee, northern Germany) by using comparative 5S rRNA analysis. Estimates of the relative abundances of single taxonomic groups were made on the basis of the amounts of single 5S rRNA bands obtained after high-resolution electrophoresis of RNA directly from the bacterioplankton. Full-sequence analysis of single environmental 5S rRNAs enabled the identification of single taxonomic groups of bacteria. Comparison of partial 5S rRNA sequences allowed the detection of changes of single taxa over time. Overall, the whole bacterioplankton community showed two to eight abundant (>4% of the total 5S rRNA) taxa. A distinctive seasonal succession was observed in the taxonomic structure of this pelagic community. A rather-stable community structure, with seven to eight different taxonomic units, was observed beginning in April during the spring phytoplankton bloom. A strong reduction in this diversity occurred at the beginning of the clear-water phase (early May), when only two to four abundant taxa were observed, with one taxon dominating (up to 72% of the total 5S rRNA). The community structure during summer stagnation (June and July) was characterized by frequent changes of different dominating taxa. During late summer, a dinoflagellate bloom (Ceratium hirudinella) occurred, with Comamonas acidovorans (beta-subclass of the class Proteobacteria) becoming the dominant bacterial species (average abundance of 43% of the total 5S rRNA). Finally, the seasonal dynamics of the community structure of bacterioplankton were compared with the abundances of other major groups of the aquatic food web, such as phyto- and zooplankton, revealing that strong grazing pressure by zooplankton can reduce microbial diversity substantially in pelagic environments.     

Changes in Bacterioplankton Composition under Different Phytoplankton Regimens

The results of empirical studies have revealed links between phytoplankton and bacterioplankton, such as the frequent correlation between chlorophyll a and bulk bacterial abundance and production. Nevertheless, little is known about possible links at the level of specific taxonomic groups. To investigate this issue, seawater microcosm experiments were performed in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Turbulence was used as a noninvasive means to induce phytoplankton blooms dominated by different algae. Microcosms exposed to turbulence became dominated by diatoms, while small phytoflagellates gained importance under still conditions. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of 16S rRNA gene fragments showed that changes in phytoplankton community composition were followed by shifts in bacterioplankton community composition, both as changes in the presence or absence of distinct bacterial phylotypes and as differences in the relative abundance of ubiquitous phylotypes. Sequencing of DGGE bands showed that four Roseobacter phylotypes were present in all microcosms. The microcosms with a higher proportion of phytoflagellates were characterized by four phylotypes of the Bacteroidetes phylum: two affiliated with the family Cryomorphaceae and two with the family Flavobacteriaceae. Two other Flavobacteriaceae phylotypes were characteristic of the diatom-dominated microcosms, together with one Alphaproteobacteria phylotype (Roseobacter) and one Gammaproteobacteria phylotype (Methylophaga). Phylogenetic analyses of published Bacteroidetes 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed that members of the Flavobacteriaceae are remarkably responsive to phytoplankton blooms, indicating these bacteria could be particularly important in the processing of organic matter during such events. Our data suggest that quantitative and qualitative differences in phytoplankton species composition may lead to pronounced differences in bacterioplankton species composition.     

海南西部近岸浮游植物的周年变化及主要关联因素

报道了2008—2009年4季度海南西部近岸浮游植物群落的周年动态并探讨其主要关联因素。165份样品经鉴定共有浮游植物4门74属155种(含5变型和2变种),周年平均丰度为(6.36±4.75)×103cells/L。硅藻在物种组成和丰度上均占绝对优势,其次为甲藻,蓝藻(束毛藻)在7月增殖。主要优势种为菱形海线藻(Thalassionema nitzschioides)、奇异棍形藻(Bacillaria paradoxa)、具槽帕拉藻(Paralia sulcata)、旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros curvisetus)、笔尖根管藻(Rhizosolenia styliformis)、束毛藻(Trichodesmium spp.)、海洋原甲藻(Prorocentrum micans)等。物种组成的季节差异较大,10月浮游植物种类贫乏,1月次之,4月、7月最丰富。丰度10月最高,季节差异并不明显。束毛藻在4月、7月呈斑块状群聚分布。浮游植物周年平均丰度并不高(<1.0×104cells/L)。不同季节优势种有明显的交错和变化,菱形海线藻、奇异棍形藻、具槽帕拉藻为全年优势种。浮游植物物种多样性指数和均匀度都表现出较高的值,均匀度与多样性指数的季节变化特点基本一致,群落多样性高的季节物种均匀度也好。物种多样性指数指示调查区水体遭受污染程度低,水质状况优。调查区各季节的浮游植物丰度与温度之间无显著的相关关系,1月丰度与盐度则呈密切负相关关系。10月浮游植物丰度与无机氮(DIN)呈密切的正相关关系。7月浮游植物丰度与活性磷酸盐(PO4-P)呈密切的负相关关系。浮游动物对浮游植物的摄食压力直接影响到后者的丰度变动,并伴随着海区生态系统的相关复杂现象及生物学过程的作用。     

新疆阿克苏地区盐碱地细菌类群多样性及优势菌群分析

【目的】研究新疆阿克苏地区盐碱土样中细菌类群多样性和优势种群,及其与环境因子的相关性。【方法】采用基于16S rDNA的变性梯度凝胶电泳(Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis,DGGE)、克隆测序和典型相关性分析(CCA)的方法。【结果】优势菌群序列分析表明有29个序列属于未培养的微生物,其他43个序列分属细菌的9个目:粘球菌目(Myxococcales)、假单胞菌目(Pseudomonadales)、根瘤菌目(Rhizobiales)、芽孢杆菌目(Bacillales)、伯克氏菌目(Burkholderiales)、放线菌目(Actinomycetales)、海洋螺菌目(Oceanospirillales)、黄杆菌目(Flavobacteriales)、交替单胞菌目(Alteromonadales),21个属。【结论】新疆阿克苏地区土壤中的微生物丰富度非常高,存在大量的细菌类群,优势菌群不尽相同,盐碱土样中微生物群落结构与环境因子是密切相关的。     

热带调水水库春季浮游植物群落的结构与动态

于2005年1-6月,对南亚热带调水水库—大镜山水库的水文、营养盐(N、P)和浮游植物进行了调查研究。共检测到浮游植物76种;浮游植物总的细胞数量在4.925×106-63.65×106cellsL-1之间,浮游植物的总生物量在1.632-20.420mgL-1之间。假鱼腥藻(Pseudanabaena sp.)是主要优势藻,但是早春(1-3月)假鱼腥藻和肘状针杆藻(Synedraulna)共同成为优势藻。浮游植物细胞的丰度晚春(4-6月)比早春的要高,但是生物量却比早春的低。在水文过程与其它水库有一定差别的典型调水水库,水温是引起浮游植物种类组成变化的主要原因。浮游植物组成与动态是受入库营养盐和水动力学的变化所影响的。     

富营养水体生物修复中浮游植物的群落特征

通过对生物修复中富营养小水体浮游植物群落的分析,探讨了生物修复对浮游植物的影响以及浮游植物对环境因子改变的响应。生物修复实施后的浮游植物种类数比实施前多;浮游植物细胞数和生物量却有明显的下降;而对于Shannon Weaver多样性指数,实施后较实施前有明显的上升;生物修复过程中美丽胶网藻水华得到控制,优势种的指示性由中污变为寡污,优势度也由极度的高优势变为中低度优势,水体治理的前期阶段浮游植物群落的种类组成和结构有明显的改变;浮游植物种类数分别与正磷酸盐和氮磷比呈显著负、正相关,正磷酸盐的浓度与氮磷比的大小对水体浮游植物的种群结构变化具有重要影响。