人类指掌皮肤嵴纹与智力发育的相关性研究

本工作对120例遗传型智残者和60例非遗传型智残者的指、掌皮肤嵴纹数进行分析,并分别与相同例数的对照组同类资料进行比较,找出与智力发育相关的指端、指间区、指基部皮纹参数,据此将遗传型智残组按智商值的不同分为6个组,将不同智商组对应的各区嵴纹数进行分析处理。结果表明,指端皮肤嵴纹数与智商呈正相关,相关系数r＝0.8319,各指间区和指基部嵴纹数与智商值呈负相关,相关系数r＝-0.7392。 Abstract　Digital and palmar of 120 cases of hereditary mental deficiency and 60 cases of non-hereditary mental deficiency were analysed, and compared with the control group using the same cases and identical data, and then skin vein parameter interrelated with intelligence development for digital end, interdigital area, digital root were found. In the light of this we divided the hereditary mental deficiency group into 6 accorcding to IQ value, and analysed statistically every area ridge count corresponding to different IQ group. The result showed that ridge count of digital end was positively correlated with IQ value correlative coefficientr=0.8319; Whereas ridge count of interdigital area and digital root were negatively correlated with IQ value correlative cofficientr=0.7392.     

人类指掌皮肤嵴纹与智力发育的相关性研究

本工作对120例遗传型智残者和60例非遗传型智残者的指、掌皮肤嵴纹数进行分析,并分别与相同例数的对照组同类资料进行比较,找出与智力发育相关的指端、指间区、指基部皮纹参数,据此将遗传型智残组按智商值的不同分为6个组,将不同智商组对应的各区嵴纹数进行分析处理。结果表明,指端皮肤嵴纹数与智商呈正相关,相关系数r＝0.8319,各指间区和指基部嵴纹数与智商值呈负相关,相关系数r＝-0.7392。 Abstract　Digital and palmar of 120 cases of hereditary mental deficiency and 60 cases of non-hereditary mental deficiency were analysed, and compared with the control group using the same cases and identical data, and then skin vein parameter interrelated with intelligence development for digital end, interdigital area, digital root were found. In the light of this we divided the hereditary mental deficiency group into 6 accorcding to IQ value, and analysed statistically every area ridge count corresponding to different IQ group. The result showed that ridge count of digital end was positively correlated with IQ value correlative coefficientr=0.8319; Whereas ridge count of interdigital area and digital root were negatively correlated with IQ value correlative cofficientr=0.7392.     

趾跖嵴纹数与智力发育相关性的研究

本工作对遗传型智力残疾患者和非遗传型智力残疾患者各50例的趾端、拇趾球区、小鱼际远端区、趾间区的皮肤嵴纹数进行分析,并分别与对照组的同类资料比较。遗传型智残组与对照组比较,其趾端、拇趾球区、b～cRC、c～dRC均存在着非常显著的差异,P<0.001;其小鱼际远端区、a～bRC具有显著差异,P<0.05。非遗传型智残组与对照组的比较,其趾端、拇趾球区、a～bRC、b～cRC 的差异均无显著意义,P>0.05;小鱼际远端区、c～dRC具显著差异,P<0.05。这些结果表明,小鱼际远端区皮肤嵴纹数在诊断智残患者中有一定参考价值,趾端、拇趾球区、各趾间区的皮肤嵴纹数在智残患者的诊断中以及遗传型与非遗传型智残患者的鉴别方面都有一定的参考价值。 Abstract： Total Ridge Count of toe,hallucis area,hypothenar distal and interdigitorum of each 50 cases of hereditary and nonhereditary mental deficiency groups were analysed,and compared with those of the control groups respectively.TRC of toe,hallycis area,b～c and c～d of hereditary mental deficiency groups,compared with those of the control groups,had great significent difference (P<0.001)and TRC of hypothenar distal and a～b had significent difference (P<0.05).Non－ hereditary mentale deficiency was compared with the control group;TRC of toe,hallycis area,a～band b～c had no significent difference (P>0.05);TRC of hypothenar distal and c～d had significent difference (P<0.05).The results showed that TRC of hypothenar distal had reference value to diagnose mental deficiency,and TRC of toe,hallucis area and each interdigitorum had a certain reference value to diagnose mental deficiency and distinguish between hereditary and non－hereditary mental deficiency.     

猴与人掌(跖)纹的比较研究

本研究对猴和人的手（脚）掌纹进行了观察,并应用χ2检验进行比较分析,结果显示：(1)指（趾）间区、小鱼际区、脚弓区纹型出现频率,猴远远高于人。猴指（趾）间区纹型出现频率达95.5%以上,而人的指间区最高的Ⅰ4为72.1%,最低的Ⅰ1仅为1.0%,趾间区fⅠ3为34.6%,fⅠ1是3.7%;猴的手掌小鱼际区纹型频率为131.8%,脚掌小鱼际区为59.1%,而人分别为14.4%和18.5%;脚弓区也类似。(2)上述区的纹型类型,猴与人也有明显差异。最明显的特点是猴的斗形纹频率明显高。如指间区、趾间区、手掌小鱼际区和脚掌小鱼际区的斗形纹频率分别是77.3%、40.9%、59.1%和22.7%,而人分别为0.1%、0.3%、0和0。本研究结果对研究灵长目皮纹的遗传与进化有重要意义。 Abstract：Dermal ridges of palms (soles) in monkeys and men were observed.Using the method of χ2 examination to make a comparative study and analysis.The results showed the ridge pattern frequencies of the monkeys i n their interdigital areas were much higher than men.The ridge pattern frequenc y of the monkeys in each interdigital area and sole interdigital area was over 9 5.5%,but men’s Ⅰ4 was 72.1% at the highest, and Ⅰ1 was only 1.0% at the l owest, fⅠ3 was 34.6% and fⅠ1 was 3.7%.The ridge pattern frequency of the m onkeys in their hypothenars of palms was 131,8%,soles was 59.1%,but that of men were 14.4% and 18.5%.These similar phenomenon also existed in the arch areas of the feet.There were obvious differences between monkeys and men in their types o f ridge patterns.The obvious character was that the whorl frequency of the monke ys was obviously higher. For example ,the whorl frequency of the monkeys in thei r interdigital areas and sole interdigital areas ,hypothenar of the palms and so le were 77.3% and 40.9%,59.1%and 22.7% respectively.But those of the men were 0. 1% and 0.3%,zero and zero.The results are very significant for researching the i nheritance and evolvement of the primates'dermal ridges.     

The influences of arboraceous layer on spatial patterns and morphological characteristics of herbaceous layer in an arid plant community

The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of arboraceous layer on the spatial pattern and morphological characteristics of herbaceous layer in Elaeagnus angustifolia–Achnatherum splendens community in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China. The analyses of community composition and structural characteristics as well as the investigation of soil moisture and salinity showed that different life forms of plants differ in the soil depth at which they absorb and utilize soil moisture. Wavelet analysis showed that there were differences between the spatial patterns of A. splendens in the canopy-projected regions and other regions, and the intrinsic scales were detected. The results from the buffer analysis showed that the control of arboraceous layer on the herbaceous layer on the spatial patterns and the morphological characteristics were influenced not only by canopy shading but also by other causes such as distribution patterns of roots as the morphological characteristics did not monotonically change with distance.     

金线蛙染色体G显带的方法学探索

采用自然老化、氯仿处理及EDTA显带法,首次在金线蛙（R.plancyt）有丝分裂中期染色体上成功显示出G带,带纹反差强烈、特征鲜明。比较了多个来自同一分裂相的同源染色体和不同分裂相的4条大染色体,发现其特征带纹高度一致,带纹数目基本吻合。该方法经济简便,结果稳定可靠。探讨了G显带的可能机制,对进一步开展金线蛙等两栖类的细胞遗传学研究具有一定的参考价值。 Explore on the Advanced Method of G-banding of Rana Plancyt QIAN Shui-ming,YU Qi-xing College of Life Sciences,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China Abstract:Using the technique of natural aging,chloroform and EDTA treatment,well-resolved G-banding patterns were successfully obtained in Rana plancyt's mitosis chromosome firstly.The G-banding patterns appeared distinctive.When analyzing some homologous chromosomes from the same metaphase figures and four macrochromosomes from different metaphase figures,the characteristic and the number of the bands were well matched.The method in this study is also economic and simple and the result is stable and reliable.The possible mechanism of G-banding was primarily discussed.The application of this method in the cytogenetics research of Rana plancyt and other amphibians is expected. Key words：Rana plancyt; mitosis; G-banding     

Structural analysis of DMD gene and its clinical application in Chinese.I.Bgl Ⅱ exon—containing fragment,RFLP and carrier detection

This article is one of the serial studies on the characteristics of the molecular structure for dystrophin gene in Chinese.By using the entire dystrophin cDNA(14kb) as a probe,the number and RFLPs of Bgl Ⅱ exon-containing fragments of the dystrophin gene were analysed.Four new Bgl Ⅱ fragments were found,two of them(3.7 and 6.2 kb) detected by comparing the hybridization patterns with cDNA1-2a,1a and 2a,one(9.3 kb) from the hybridization pattern with cDNA 9 by lengthening migrating distance of DNA fragments in electrophoresis,and another and (4.0 kb) by comparing the patterns with cDNA 11-14, 11a,11b,aac-12a and 14.The results indicated that the number of Bgl Ⅱ exon-containing fragments should be 59 rather than 55 reported previously,which laid the foundation of the Bgl Ⅱ partial restriction map for dystrophin gene.Three of the four RFLPs found in Caucacian appear in the hybridization patterns of three subclones,i.e. cDNA 2b-3,cDNA 4-5,and cDNA 5b-7.The values of expected heterozygote frequency(EHF) were 0.33,0.33 and 0.40,and the observed heterozygote frequency(OHF) were 0.40,0.40 and 0.48 respectively.Meanwhile,two new rare allelic fragments(15kb) were found in RFLPs from Bgl Ⅱ/2b-3 and Bgl Ⅱ/4-5a patterns respectively.These Bgl Ⅱ RFLPs and four XbaI RFLPs documented in our laboratory have been used to detect the carrier in 7 DMD families and 1 BMD family.Of the 69 individuals from the 8 families,11 females were diagnosed as the carriers with DMD mutation,4 females as the doubtful carriers,12 females were defined as normal genotype and 2 females as probably normal.The results suggest that the carrier testing method based on dosage intensity analysis and genotype analysis by using dystrophin cDNA as a probe will be more sensitive and accurate.     

Ecosystems patterns and dynamics in Haihe river basin

Research on ecosystems patterns and dynamics is critical for understanding the regional problems of resources and environment. In this study, based on the technology of RS and GIS, the composition, patterns and dynamics of the ecosystems in Haihe river basin during 1990–2005 were analyzed using landscape indices including the area of average patches, aggregation index and Shannon–Weaver diversity index. According to the development situation of economy and society in Haihe river basin, some driving factors for dynamics of ecosystems patterns were concluded based on correlation analysis. Results showed that the ecosystems patterns in Haihe river basin changed greatly from 1990 to 2005. The area of urban and grassland increased, but farmland, forest and wetland decreased. As for landscape indices, the area of average patches, value of aggregation index, clump index and diversity index all increased, indicating the trend of evenness for the whole ecosystems. Growth of population, economy growth together with urbanization and policy were the main driving factors for dynamics of ecosystem pattern in this basin.     

Ecosystems patterns and dynamics in Haihe river basin

Research on ecosystems patterns and dynamics is critical for understanding the regional problems of resources and environment. In this study, based on the technology of RS and GIS, the composition, patterns and dynamics of the ecosystems in Haihe river basin during 1990–2005 were analyzed using landscape indices including the area of average patches, aggregation index and Shannon–Weaver diversity index. According to the development situation of economy and society in Haihe river basin, some driving factors for dynamics of ecosystems patterns were concluded based on correlation analysis. Results showed that the ecosystems patterns in Haihe river basin changed greatly from 1990 to 2005. The area of urban and grassland increased, but farmland, forest and wetland decreased. As for landscape indices, the area of average patches, value of aggregation index, clump index and diversity index all increased, indicating the trend of evenness for the whole ecosystems. Growth of population, economy growth together with urbanization and policy were the main driving factors for dynamics of ecosystem pattern in this basin.     

Genetic diversity of root-nodulating bacteria isolated from pea (Pisum sativum) in subtropical regions of China

Diversity of 42 isolates from effective nodules of Pisum sativum in different geographical regions of China were studied using 16S rRNA gene RFLP patterns, 16S rRNA sequencing, 16S–23S rRNA inter-genic spacer (IGS) region RFLP patterns and G-C rich random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). The isolates were distributed in two groups on the basis of their 16S rRNA gene RFLP patterns. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains from 16S rRNA gene RFLP patterns group I were very closely related (identities higher than 99.5%) to Rhizobium leguminosarum USDA 2370. Group II consisting of WzP3 and WzP15 was closely related to Rhizobium etli CFN42. The analysis of the 16S–23S IGS RFLP pat-terns divided the isolates into 18 genotypes and four groups. Group I was clustered with R. legumino-sarum USDA2370. Group II consisted of YcP2, YcP3 and CqP7. The strains of group III were distributed abroad. Group IV consisted of WzP3, WzP15 and R. etli CFN42. RAPD divided the isolates into nine clusters in which group IV only consisted of YcP2 and the strains of group V and IX were from Wenzhou and Xiantao, respectively. This assay demonstrated the geographical effect on genetic diversity of pea rhizobia.     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.