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1.
The plasmodial slime molds is the largest group in the phylum Amoebozoa. Its life cycle includes the plasmodial trophic stage and the spore‐bearing fruiting bodies. However, only a few species have their complete life cycle known in details so far. This study is the first reporting the morphogenesis of Didymium laxifilum and Physarum album. Spores, from field‐collected sporangia, were incubated into hanging drop cultures for viewing germination and axenic oat agar plates for viewing plasmodial development and sporulation. The spores of D. laxifilum and P. album germinated by method of V‐shape split and minute pore, respectively. The amoeboflagellates, released from spores, were observed in water film. The phaneroplasmodia of two species developed into a number of sporangia by subhypothallic type on oat agar culture. The main interspecific difference of morphogenesis was also discussed.  相似文献   
2.
It was found that S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) could effectively improve avermectin titer with 30–60 μg/mL addition to FH medium. To clearly elucidate the mechanism of SAM on intracellular metabolites of Streptomyces avermitilis, a GC–MS-based comparative metabolomics approach was carried out. First, 230 intracellular metabolites were identified and 14 of them remarkably influenced avermectin biosynthesis were discriminative biomarkers between non-SAM groups and SAM-treated groups by principal components analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS). Based on further key metabolic pathway analyses, these biomarkers, such as glucose, oxaloacetic acid, fatty acids (in soybean oil), threonine, valine, and leucine, were identified as potentially beneficial precursors and added in medium. Compared with single-precursor feeding, the combined feeding of the precursors and SAM markedly increased the avermectin titer. The co-feeding approach not only directly verified our hypothesis on the mechanism of SAM by comparative metabolomics, but also provided a novel strategy to increase avermectin production.  相似文献   
3.
Crop improvement is a long-term, expensive institutional endeavor. Genomic selection (GS), which uses single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) information to estimate genomic breeding values, has proven efficient to increasing genetic gain by accelerating the breeding process in animal breeding programs. As for crop improvement, with few exceptions, GS applicability remains in the evaluation of algorithm performance. In this study, we examined factors related to GS applicability in line development stage for grain yield using a hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) doubled-haploid population. The performance of GS was evaluated in two consecutive years to predict grain yield. In general, the semi-parametric reproducing kernel Hilbert space prediction algorithm outperformed parametric genomic best linear unbiased prediction. For both parametric and semi-parametric algorithms, an upward bias in predictability was apparent in within-year cross-validation, suggesting the prerequisite of cross-year validation for a more reliable prediction. Adjusting the training population’s phenotype for genotype by environment effect had a positive impact on GS model’s predictive ability. Possibly due to marker redundancy, a selected subset of SNPs at an absolute pairwise correlation coefficient threshold value of 0.4 produced comparable results and reduced the computational burden of considering the full SNP set. Finally, in the context of an ongoing breeding and selection effort, the present study has provided a measure of confidence based on the deviation of line selection from GS results, supporting the implementation of GS in wheat variety development.  相似文献   
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5.
Hydrogen gas (H2) was recently proposed as a therapeutic antioxidant and signaling molecule in clinical trials. However, the underlying physiological roles of H2 in plants remain unclear. In the present study, hydrogen-rich water (HRW) was used to characterize the physiological roles of H2 in enhancing the tolerance of Brassica campestris against cadmium (Cd). The results showed that both 50 μM CdCl2 and 50%-saturated HRW induced an increase of endogenous H2 in Brassica campestris seedlings, and HRW alleviated Cd toxicity related to growth inhibition and oxidative damage. Seedlings supplied with HRW exhibited increased root length and reduced lipid peroxidation, similar to plants receiving GSH post-treatment. Additionally, seedlings post-treated with HRW accumulated higher levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (AsA) and showed increased GST and GPX activities in roots. Molecular evidence illustrated that the expression of genes such as GS, GR1 and GR2, which were down-regulated following the addition of Cd, GSH or BSO, could be reversed to varying degrees by the addition of HRW. Based on these results, it could be proposed that H2 might be an important regulator for enhancing the tolerance of Brassica campestris seedlings against Cd, mainly by governing reduced glutathione homeostasis.  相似文献   
6.

Purpose

Congenital heart diseases (CHD) are among the most common birth defects in China. Environmental causes and folate metabolism changes may alter susceptibility to CHD. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relevant risk-factors of children with CHD and their mothers.

Methods

138 children with CHD and 207 normal children for controls were recruited. Their mothers were also enlisted in this study and interviewed following a questionnaire about their pregnant history and early pregnancy situation. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), methionine synthase (MS) and cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) of mothers and children were genotyped.

Results

There were significant differences in the gender of children, occupation of mothers, family history with CHD, history of abortion, history of adverse pregnancy, early pregnancy health, fetus during pregnancy, pesticide exposure and drug exposure in CHD group and control group ( P < 0.05). Logistic regression analyses showed that after adjustment for above factors, MTHFR rs1801131 were significantly associated with their offspring CHD risk in mothers. Compared with the mothers whose MTHFR were rs1801131 AA and AC genotypes, the mothers who got a mutation of MTHFR rs1801131 CC genotypes had a 267% increase in risk of given birth of a CHD children (OR=3.67,95%CI=1.12-12.05). Meanwhile, MTHFR rs1801131 were significantly associated with CHD susceptibility in children (OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.00-2.44 in additive model).

Conclusions

Besides mothers’ social and fertility characteristics, our results suggested that the genetic variants in folate metabolism pathway might be one of the most related risk-factors of CHD. MTHFR rs1801131 were identified as loci in Chinese population that were involved in CHD.  相似文献   
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8.
骨髓基质干细胞(Bone marrow stromal cells,BMSCs)是一种具有组织修复和免疫调节功能的多能干细胞,它主要存在于骨髓中,然而,如今我们发现,在其他的一些组织中也存在它的身影,例如:脂肪组织、肌肉组织和肌腱组织等。通过骨髓穿刺的方法可以很容易的获得骨髓基质干细胞,它在体外有很强的增殖能力,即使没有动物血清和人工生长因子也可以用进行细胞培养。缺血性骨坏死可以由很多病因引起,研究发现,自身免疫性疾病和血液系统疾病治疗应用的激素与缺血性骨坏死的发生具有很大的相关性,但是,激素的应用在一些严重的疾病中往往又是不可避免的,这就需要我们找到一种方法来预防和治疗激素相关缺血性骨坏死。现在,治疗缺血性骨坏死的标准方法是髓芯减压术,但到了疾病晚期的时候,髓芯减压术治疗的效果就已经微乎其微了,由于骨髓基质干细胞所具有的分化潜能、易于获得和增殖的能力,使它可能成为治疗缺血性骨坏死的一种潜在的补充方式。  相似文献   
9.
目的:构建两个高表达人TNFα和IL-1β细胞系,建立抗炎药物筛选细胞模型。方法:运用PCR的方法从载体pCMVSport-TNFα和p CMVSport-IL1β上扩增目的基因,以亚克隆方法将目的基因分别插入真核表达载体pcDNA3.1和pFLAG-CMV中,用单酶切、PCR扩增和基因测序的方法鉴定重组效果,然后将重组成功的质粒转入HEK293细胞系内,挑选能够稳定表达并遗传的单克隆细胞株,用蛋白免疫印迹(Western blot)法分析其表达效果。结果:三种鉴定方法均显示重组质粒构建成功。Western blot结果显示,细胞株T3、T4均能较高表达炎症因子TNF-α;细胞株I2、I3、I5均能较高表达炎症因子IL-1β。结论:成功构建了TNFα和IL-1β靶标的药物筛选细胞模型,为筛选具有抗炎作用的中药提供了一个新平台。  相似文献   
10.
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