微核形成与细胞周期关系的初步研究 Ⅲ.丝裂霉素c诱发人淋巴细胞染色体畸变与不同周期阶段的微核形成

为了研究染色体畸变与微核形成的关系,本实验用不同浓度的丝裂霉素C(MMC,0.025—0.4μg/ml),处理人外周血淋巴细胞,观察中期染色体畸变与不同细胞周期形成的微核间的关系。获得如下主要结果:(1)MMC诱发的染色体畸变细胞率(ACF),未经培养的G_0期淋巴细胞的微核细胞率(NC-MNCF)以及培养的淋巴细胞的微核细胞率(C-MNCF),在一定剂量范围内均呈剂量依赖性增加,并可用幂回归方程描述;(2)微核形成与染色体畸变全然无关的NC-MNCF,和C-MNCF一样,与ACF呈良好的正相关;(3)用胞质分裂阻滞(CB)法,检测MMC诱发的CB-MNCF,较C-MNCF无显著提高,MNCF/ACF的比值较小,并随着MMC剂量增加从0.15左右降到0.03。所有上述结果表明,不能简单理解微核形成与染色体畸变间的关系,在分裂的细胞群体中,中期染色体畸变可能仅是微核形成的一种来源。     

酵母金属硫蛋白对g12细胞抗γ射线损伤的作用

用胞质阻断法微核试验和单细胞凝胶电泳法检测酵母金属硫蛋白（ＢＤ１０１－Ｃｕ－ＭＴ）对＾６０Ｃｏ－γ射线诱发的ｇ１２细胞微核形成和ＤＮＡ链断裂的影响。结果表明１０和５０μｇ／ｍｌ ＤＢ１０１ Ｃｕ－ＭＴ处理,对１或３Ｇｙγ射诱发的双核微核细胞率和１Ｇｙγ射线诱发的彗星细胞频率及核ＤＮＡ迁移距离的增加有明显的抑制作用。提示酵母金属硫蛋白对γ线诱发ｇ１２细胞的遗传损伤有扣抗作用。     

酵母金属硫蛋白对g12细胞抗γ射线损伤的作用

用胞质阻断法微核试验和单细胞凝胶电泳法检测酵母金属硫蛋白（ＢＤ１０１Ｃｕ－ＭＴ）对(6０)Ｃｏ－γ射线诱发的ｇ１２细胞微核形成和ＤＮＡ链断裂的影响。结果表明１０和５０μｇ／ｍｌＢＤ１０１Ｃｕ－ＭＴ处理,对１或３Ｇｙγ射线诱发的双核微核细胞率和１Ｇｙγ射线诱发的彗星细胞频率及核ＤＮＡ迁移距离的增加有明显的抑制作用．提示酵母金属硫蛋白对γ射线诱发ｇ１２细胞的遗传损伤有拮抗作用．     

培养人淋巴细胞分裂阻滞与常规微核测试法的比较研究 Ⅱ.丝裂霉素C的遗传毒性效应

为了确定胞质分裂阻滞微核测试法(CB-MNT)的实用价值,本研究用0.025-0.4μg/mL的丝裂霉素C(MMC)处理培养的人体外周血淋巴细胞,比较CB-与常规(C)-MNT检测遗传毒性的敏感性,结果表明:(1)在整个剂量范围内,两法测得的微核率(MNF)均有良好的剂量效应关系,但CB法测得MNF低于常规法,随剂量增加而加著;CB法测知的最低浓度为0.1μg/ml,常规法为0.025μg/ml,可见常规法的敏感性优于CB法;(2)我们首次比较了CB法与常规法所检测微核的平均体积,发现CB法检测微核的体积接近常规法的3倍,并提出由于微核形成前后,微核间及微核与主核间的融合,导致了微核体积的增大和数量的减少,进而引起了MNF的下降;(3)CB法检测健康人自发MNF明显高于常规法,这可能是CB法检测低剂量诱变剂效应,较常规法不够敏感的重要原因之一。最后作者结合文献讨论了CB-与C-MNT的实用价值。     

环磷酰胺诱发蚕豆体细胞遗传损伤的研究

利用蚕豆根尖研究环磷酰胺的遗传毒性效应, 结果表明:环磷酰胺(0.1~5.0 mg/mL)能够降低蚕豆根尖细胞有丝分裂指数, 使根尖细胞中具有微核、核出芽及核固缩的细胞明显增多, 并诱发染色体结构和行为异常, 产生染色体断片、滞后和桥。环磷酰胺处理组根尖中具有核固缩和微核的细胞数呈剂量依赖性增加, 且与作用时间呈正相关, 而分裂指数的降低也具有剂量和时间效应关系。研究结果表明, 低浓度长时间接触或高浓度短时间接触环磷酰胺均可产生遗传毒害, 因此, 有关的作业人员应注意防护。     

培养人淋巴细胞分裂阻滞与常规微核测试法的比较研究——Ⅰ.中低剂量γ-射线的效应

本研究用中低剂量γ射线体外照射4个供血员的全血,系统地比较观察了胞质分裂阻滞与常规微核测试法测得的剂量效应关系,结果表明用常规法检测,低剂量γ-射线(0.1,0.3Gy)可诱发平均MNCF的逐渐增加,和对照组相比,至0.3Gy差异显著(p<0.01);而BC法测得的平均MNCF无上升,相反在0.1Gy时明显下降(p<0.05)。在中剂量区(0.7—3.1Gy),用BC法测得的平均MNCF的增加较常规法明显,至3.1Gy时两者差异显著。     

用胞质分裂阻断法建立淋巴细胞微核率的剂量效应曲线

本文采用胞质分裂阻断微核法建立~(60)Coγ线照射离体人血诱发微核的剂量效应关系曲线,结果在0.1—5.0Gy范围内呈良好的剂量效应关系。对回归方程式的同归系数和曲线拟合度进行了显著性检验,表明微核细胞率和微核率皆适于拟合二次多项式(Y=a+bD+cD~2),同时对加Cyt-B的浓度和时间以及终止培养时间进行了讨论。     

鱼类微细胞和小分离细胞制备技术的研究

本文以3种鱼类组织细胞系为材料,对鱼类微细胞和小分离细胞制备技术及其形成机制进行了研究。在微细胞制备中,观察了细胞的微核化过程,微核是由间期状态的细胞核不规则分裂而成。光镜和扫描电镜观察表明,在小分离细胞聚集体形成过程中,细胞核的变化与微细胞的微核化过程相一致,但其细胞质的分裂机制不同,当细胞质进行异常分裂的同时,细胞的微核也随同细胞质不规则分裂而被分配至各个小分离细胞内。     

用胞质分裂阻断法建立淋巴细胞微核率的剂量效应曲线

本文采用胞质分裂阻断微核法建立。⁶⁰Co γ线照射离体人血诱发微核的剂量效应关系曲线,结果在0.1-5.OGy范围内呈良好的剂量效应关系。对回归方程式的回归系数和曲线拟合度进行了显袭性检验,表明微核细胞率和微核率昏适于拟合二次多项式（Y=a十bD＋cD²）,同时对加Cyt-B的浓度和时间以及终止培养时间进行了讨论。     

瘦素对血管平滑肌细胞核转录因子κB的影响

目的探讨瘦素(leptin)对血管平滑肌细胞(VSMCs)核转录因子(NF-κB)的影响。方法贴块法原代培养VSMCs;分别采用MTT法检测leptin对VSMCs增殖活性的影响,免疫荧光-共聚焦显微镜和蛋白印迹技术检测Lep-tin对VSMCs中NF?κB的细胞内定位和VSMCs核中NF?κB的蛋白含量。结果leptin对VSMCs具有促进细胞增殖的作用,这种促增殖活性具有剂量依赖性;Leptin能促进VSMCs中的NF?κB从胞质转移至细胞核,并且这种作用也具有剂量依赖性。结论Leptin能促进VSMCs增殖,能激活VSMCs中NF?κB,使其从胞质转位至胞核;同时,目前已有的研究已经证明NF?κB与平滑肌细胞的增殖和迁移关系密切,提示Leptin促进VSMCs的增殖作用中可能有NF?κB信号传导通路的参与。     

Wounding patterns in three species of captive macaques

The incidence of wounding in captive groups of rhesus (Macaca mulatta), pigtail (M. nemestrina), and stumptail (M. arctoides) macaques was studied for 21 months. Groups were monitored daily for evidence of wounding. Wounded animals were captured, treated by veterinary staff, and returned following recovery. Records were kept on the age, sex, and species of the recipient, along with the type and location of wound. In each species of macaque, adult males incurred the highest frequency of wounds and multiple wounds of any age-sex class. This contrasted with previously reported behavioral data indicating low frequencies of aggression received by adult males, especially contact aggression and bites. These discrepancies indicate wounding frequencies do not necessarily correspond with behavioral measures of aggression. Inhibition of aggression directed toward infants and the selective avoidance of bites directed to vital body regions were presented as possible mechanisms that modify intragroup aggression. Increased wounding in the birth season under captive conditions suggests that the pattern of increased wounding reported during the breeding season under freeranging conditions may reflect xenophobic responses to immigrating males, rather than direct male-male competition for estrous females.     

Ultrasonic assessment of pregnancy and fetal development in three species of macaque monkeys

Serial ultrasonic assessments of gestational sac (GS) and fetal biparietal diameter (BPD) were performed in the Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata fuscata), rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta), and crab-eating monkey (Macaca fascicularis). In the Japanese monkey, GS increased linearly for 3-8 weeks, whereas BPD increased in a linear-quadratic manner over 8 weeks to term. Ultrasonic assessments of spontaneously aborted fetuses with BPD growth retardation and diagnosis of a pelvic chocolate cyst also were reported.     

三种笼养灵长类活动时间分配的比较研究

采用焦点动物法和连续记录法对3种笼养灵长类活动时间分配进行比较研究。结果表明,川金丝猴Rhi-nopithecus roxellanae和熊猴Macaca assamensis用于休息的时间多于猕猴Macaca mulatta,移动时间则相反;川金丝猴和猕猴用于理毛的时间多于熊猴。不同性别年龄组之间的活动时间分配有差异,主要表现在川金丝猴母亲用于理毛的时间明显多于成年儿子,用于玩耍的时间则相反;猕猴成年雄性的移动时间和理毛时间多于成年雌性,玩耍时间则少于成年雌性;熊猴成年雌性的移动时间多于成年雄性,与成年个体相比,幼体花更多的时间用于玩耍,而相应的减少了其休息时间。     

Prevalence of antibody reaction with cercopithecine herpesvirus 1 antigen in Macaca cyclopis, Macaca fascicularis, and Papio anubis in Taiwan

BACKGROUND AND METHODS: A total of 284 non-human primate sera were collected between December 2004 and September 2005 and tested by a commercially available dot immunobinding assay for the antibodies to cercopithecine herpesvirus 1, an alphaherpesvirus with high mortality for infected humans. RESULTS: Seropositive rates were 58% among non-human primates from animal shelters and 38% among those from zoos and academic institutes. Positive reactors were found in three species, the Formosan macaque (Macaca cyclopis; 57%), the cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis; 11%) and the olive baboon (Papio anubis; 68%). CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that natural infection by cercopithecine herpesvirus 1 in Formosan macaques was highly prevalent, and to a certain extent reflected the situation of the wild populations in Taiwan. The findings raised the issues of zoonotic public health and the occupational health of primate workers. High positive rate in olive baboons was also found, although, it cannot be ruled out that the positivity was due to cross-reactivity between cercopithecine herpesvirus 1 and other herpesviruses.     

Urinary cyclic AMP excretion is increased in Macaca fascicularis and Macaca mulatta compared to humans

Changes in parathyroid hormone and its second messenger cyclic AMP have been implicated in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Nonhuman primate models have been useful in the study of osteoporosis, but the physiology of mineral metabolism in certain species is different than in humans. We investigated parameters of mineral metabolism in 15 normal adult female cynomolgus and 14 normal adult female rhesus monkeys. In both species, urinary cyclic AMP was increased compared with humans, and the nephrogenous cyclic AMP in the cynomolgus monkeys was also elevated. Despite this, there was no evidence for hyperparathyroidism in either species as evaluated by serum or plasma phosphorus and midregion-specific and/or aminoterminal-specific immunoreactive parathyroid hormone. Given the increasing use of nonhuman primates in the study of osteoporosis, understanding basic changes in mineral metabolism is important before pathologic effects of bone loss can be understood.     

Placental transfer of phenylalanine in Macaca mulatta and Macaca fascicularis

We investigated placental transport mechanisms of phenylalanine in Macaca mulatta and Macaca fascicularis. In the beginning of the third trimester we administered i.v. phenylalanine and p-chlorophenylalanine to pregnant animals. Initial higher phenylalanine concentrations were observed followed by a rapid decrease in both rhesus mothers and fetuses when compared with phenylalanine levels in fascicularis mothers and fetuses. In general, however, placental transfer mechanisms of phenylalanine did not differ significantly between the two species.     

Comparison of glucose and insulin concentrations in macaque sera and plasma

The glucose and insulin concentrations in blood from Macaca nigra and M. mulatta were determined after an overnight fast and 3 min after a glucose infusion. Blood treatment included clotting for serum or additions of fluoride, heparin, or heparin plus fluoride. Samples were centrifuged at 0 min or after being held at 22 degrees C for 20, 40, or 60 min. Levels of glucose and insulin generally agreed within 1 SD at all times examined for samples removed at 0 or 3 min.     

The use of nonmetal electrodes in electroejaculation of restrained but unanesthetized macaques

A successful technique for electroejaculation with nonmetallic electrodes cut from defibrillation pads is described. Twenty-six adult male cynomolgus and eleven adult male rhesus macaques were electroejaculated while immobilized with chair restraint. From 123 attempted electroejaculations in both species of macaques, 119 semen specimens were obtained. The volume, concentration, % motility, and % normal forms of cynomolgus and rhesus macaque semen are presented. The use of nonmetallic electrodes provides a high quality ejaculate while minimizing the risks of adverse affects on valuable populations of macaques.     

栽培稻×大颖野生稻F~2 多倍现象的细胞遗传学研究

A栽培稻(Oryza sativa)×大颖野生稻(Oryza grandiglumis)F2经细胞学鉴定为2n=4x=48, 即已由杂种F1的ACD异源三倍体变成了异源四倍体。研究了从粗线期到末期Ⅱ的染色体行为,结果表明,F2的染色体构型为异源节段异段类型,且异常染色体频率极高,合计为87.13%。各类异常染色体频率变化按比例大小依次为: 单价体,染色体拖曳,落后染色体,多价体,邻接型易位,不均等分离,桥,不分离和松散配对等。邻接型易位是本研究的中心论题。因邻接型易位的存在是F2花粉不育的一个重要原因, 也是产生节段异段染色体构型的重要原因;因邻接型易位带来相互易位,可供育种利用。 Abstract:The chromosome number in F2 of O.sativa×O.grandiglumis were 2n=4x=48.This showed that the allotriploid of hybrid F1 had been changed into allotetraploid in F2.The chromosome constitution of this allotetraploid remained to be determined.The chromosome behavior was studied during meiosis from pachytene to telophase II.Results showed that the chromosome configuration of F2 belonged to the type of the nodal section-allosection,and possessed very high rate of anomalous chromosome,the total rate of anomalous chromosome accounting for 87.13%.The frequency of anomalous chromosome were ranked as follows:univalent,chromosome straggling,lagging chromosome,polyvalent,adjoin translocation,unequal division,chromosome bridge,non-disjunction and loose pairing in descent order.The adjoin translocation was the topic in this study.With this translocation,no vitality gamentes were produced in F2.However,this is a mutual translocation,hence that is very useful for breeding.     

分子标记在猕猴遗传多样性研究中的应用

分子标记目前已成为研究遗传多样性的主要工具,为此,简要综述了几种常用的分子标记(RFLPs、RAPD、mtDNA、微卫星DNA、SNPs)的检测方法及其在猕猴种群遗传多样性研究中的应用,为国内猕猴遗传多样性的研究提供参考。