野生稻NBS类抗病基因同源序列的分离与序列分析

为了挖掘野生稻中的抗病资源,根据已克隆的植物抗病基因核苷酸结合位点序列中的保守结构域设计3对简并引物,从疣粒、药用、高秆、宽叶和斑点野生稻基因组DNA中分离出13条NBS类抗病基因类似物,其中11条具有连续的ORF,具有NBS类R基因的保守基元P-loop、kinas-2、kinas-3a和GLPL。在NCBI上进行同源性搜索发现,其中12条RGAs的核苷酸序列与水稻已知的NBS类R基因具有66%～94%的同源性,与其他植物已知R基因具有67%～84%的同源性;其对应的氨基酸序列与水稻已知的NBS类R基因具有43%～93%的同源性,与其他植物已知R基因具有37%～79%的同源性。另外1条的核苷酸序列与水稻假定的NBS类R基因具有76%的同源性,其氨基酸序列与水稻假定的NBS类R基因具有74%的同源性。根据序列分析结果设计6对不同基因特异性引物,并利用RT-PCR技术进行表达分析,结果表明,RN1BD5、RN1BD10、RN1GG2和RN1YY6均能表达,说明这些片段可能是功能性抗病基因的部分序列;而RN1KY9和RN1GG5没有表达,可能是假基因。     

云南悬钩子蔷薇NBS-LRR类抗病基因同源克隆与分析

为研究云南野生蔷薇属中的NBS类抗病基因,根据已知抗病基因NBSLRR序列中的保守区域设计简并引物,利用RTPCR技术从云南悬钩子蔷薇中进行体外扩增,获得了对应区域的cDNA片段,回收、克隆这些特异片段,测序分析,共得到4个含有NBSLRR保守结构域的抗病基因同源序列（RGAs）,分别命名为AC9、AC39、AC50和AC68。它们与已报道的11个NBS类抗病基因相应区段的氨基酸序列相似性为5.4%~79.2%,其中这4个RGAs片段与Mi、RPS2、Pib和RPM1基因聚为一类。表明这4条RGAs序列可进一步用作悬钩子蔷薇抗病候选基因的分子筛选及遗传图谱的构建。     

云南悬钩子蔷薇NBS LRR类抗病基因同源克隆与分析

为研究云南野生蔷薇属中的NBS类抗病基因,根据已知抗病基因NBS LRR序列中的保守区域设计简并引物,利用RT PCR技术从云南悬钩子蔷薇中进行体外扩增,获得了对应区域的cDNA片段,回收、克隆这些特异片段,测序分析,共得到4个含有NBS LRR保守结构域的抗病基因同源序列(RGAs),分别命名为AC9、AC39、AC50和AC68。它们与已报道的11个NBS类抗病基因相应区段的氨基酸序列相似性为5.4%~79.2%,其中这4个RGAs片段与Mi、RPS2、Pib和RPM1基因聚为一类。表明这4条RGAs序列可进一步用作悬钩子蔷薇抗病候选基因的分子筛选及遗传图谱的构建。     

甘薯NBS类抗病基因类似物的分离与序列分析

利用已克隆植物抗病基因NBS（Nucleotide binding site）序列中的保守模体（motif）“P-loop”和“GLPL”合成简并引物,以甘薯（Ipomoea batatas）栽培品种青农2号基因组DNA为模板进行PCR扩增,通过T/A克隆、测序和序列分析,共得到15条具有连续ORF的抗病基因类似物（Resistance gene analogues,RGAs）序列,它们之间核苷酸序列间的相似性系数在41.2%-99.4%之间,而相应推测的氨基酸序列间的相似性系数在20.6%-100%之间,同时对分离的RGAs的核苷酸和氨基酸序列进行系统发育树分析,表明甘薯RGAs可分为TIR（Drosophila Toll or human interleukin receptor-like）和nonTIR两类.对甘薯RGAs和5个已克隆植物NBS的氨基酸序列进行结构分析表明,它们包括“P-loop”、“Kinase-2”、“Kinase-3a”、“GLPL”4个抗病基因所共有的保守模体.这些表明甘薯与其它物种的NBS类RGAs可能具有同样的起源和进化机制.     

海岛棉抗病基因类似物与防卫基因类似物的分离及特征分析

利用已克隆的抗病基因(resistance-gene, R基因)与病程相关蛋白基因β-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因(PR2)的保守序列设计简并引物, 从海岛棉品种海7124基因组中成功分离了79条核苷酸结合位点(NBS, nucleotide binding site)类R基因类似物(RGAs, resistance gene analogs), 21条丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶(STK, Serine/Threonine kinase)类RGAs和11条防卫基因类似物(DGAs, defense gene analogs). 将NBS类RGAs与棉花中已经克隆的该类RGAs进行序列分析, 鉴定了1个新的亚族. 具有连续ORF的48条NBS类RGAs和20条STK类RGAs分别可以划分为TIR-NBS与non-TIR-NBS两个亚类和A与B两个亚类. DGA中有4条具有连续的ORF. 对这些具有连续ORF的序列进行表达分析发现, 6条NBS类与1条STK类RGA受黄萎病菌诱导表达, 1条DGA经黄萎病菌诱导后表达量明显提高. 随机选取的4条TIR类与4条non-TIR类NBS类RGAs中有3条呈现2~3条杂交带, 其余的都有5~10条或以上的杂交带. 可见, NBS类RGAs大多数以多基因家族的形式存在. 另外, 有3条non-TIR类NBS类RGAs出现了一样的杂交带型, 可能这3条RGAs在基因组中成簇分布.     

小粒野生稻STK类抗病基因同源序列的克隆与分析

根据丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶类(serine-threonine kinase,STK)抗病基因结构中保守结构域,设计引物,以小粒野生稻基因组DNA为模板,扩增获得10条STK类抗病基因同源序列.同源性分析表明其都具有STK保守结构域,与已克隆的STK类抗病基因有不同程度的相似性,为进一步克隆小粒野生稻中的STK类抗病基因提供依据.     

陆地棉抗病基因同源序列的克隆与分析

根据已知抗病基因NBS保守区的P-loop和GLPL区设计一对简并引物F1/R1,以7个抗黄萎病陆地棉品种和2个感黄萎病品种的基因组DNA为模板进行PCR扩增.在9个品种中均扩增出500 bp左右的条带.对目的条带进行回收,连接、转化克隆得到350个阳性克隆,进行测序.在8个棉花品种中克隆到74条具有完整开放读码框的棉花RGAs序列.这74条序列共有64种不同的基因型,有10条与其他品种中的RGAs序列相同.用MEGA软件对8个棉花品种的74条RGA序列以及12个已知的抗病基因的NBS区域进行聚类分析,可分为4类;4类RGAs之间的相似性较低,各类之内的RGAs虽然来自不同品种,氨基酸序列的相似度却非常高.推测各大类中相似性较高的序列分别属于同一个基因家族,从位点上说可能处于同一个基因簇.     

三浅裂野牵牛NBS类抗病基因同源序列的克隆与分析

NBS类植物抗病基因保守结构域的克隆为利用简并引物扩增抗病基因同源序列提供了可能.根据抗病基因Gro1-4、Gpa2、N等的P-loop和GLPL保守结构域设计简并引物,分离甘薯近缘野生种三浅裂野牵牛NBS类型抗病基因同源序列,共获得6条相关序列,核苷酸序列的相似性为48%~97%,推测氨基酸序列的相似性在25.2%~95.1%之间.系统进化分析表明,6条三浅裂野牵牛RGA序列可分为2个不同的类群:TIR-NBS和non-TIR-NBS.三浅裂野牵牛RGA序列与源自甘薯的RGA序列有很高的相似性,这在一定程度上反映了三浅裂野牵牛与甘薯之间的亲缘关系.分离的6条RGA序列分别命名为ItRGA1~ItRGA6,GenBank登录号分别为DQ849027~DQ849032.     

海岛棉NBS类型抗病基因类似物的起源、多样性及进化

利用已克隆植物的R基因NBS序列中保守模体合成简并引物,以海岛棉品系Pima 90(Gossypium barba—dense)基因组DNA为模板进行PCR扩增,通过T／A克隆、测序和序列比较分析共得到31条RGAs,其中19条具有连续的ORF。利用海岛棉的31条RGAs与GenBank中陆地棉种质系M—249(Gossypium hirsutum)的RGAs进行了比较分析,RGAs可分为两大类：其中第Ⅰ类全部为陆地棉的RGAs;第Ⅱ类分别包括了陆地棉和海岛棉的RGAs。同时对海岛棉RGAs的核苷酸和氨基酸序列进行系统发育树分析,表明海岛棉RGAs可分为TIR(Drosophila Toll or human inter—leukin receptor—1ike)和non—FIR两类,与前人所报道的R基因进化一致。对19条具有连续ORF的RGAs进行了结构分析,结果表明它们包括P—loop、Kin—2、“PLAL”及Meyers等所定义的RNBS—A、B、C3个模体。结果表明,可能海岛棉NBS类型抗病基因类似物和其他物种具有同样的起源和进化机制。     

小麦抗赤霉病品种NBS同源序列克隆与分析

根据二穗短柄草NBS-LRR类基因的保守序列设计同源引物,以小麦抗赤霉病品种苏麦3号、宁7840和望水白基因组DNA为模板,通过PCR扩增,得到43条序列,其中4条为非编码序列或结构域不完整;39条与植物抗病基因同源,其中的7条内部存在终止密码子,可能是假基因,经过比对分析,其余32条具有连续的开放阅读框和保守结构域,推导的氨基酸序列均具有Kinase-1a、Kinase-2和Kinase-3a及GLPL区等几个保守区,在GenBank中均能找到与之高度同源的其他物种的核酸序列,并且Kinase-2的最后一个氨基酸均为色氨酸(W),属于non-TIR类NBS基因。32条序列可分为4大类,它们之间核苷酸同源性为64%-98%,编码氨基酸同源性为22%-98%。根据序列分析随机设计5对不同基因特异性引物,并利用RT-PCR技术进行表达分析,结果表明,7-1、s-3、s-4和w-2均能表达,说明这些片段可能是功能性抗病基因的部分序列;7-13不表达,再次证明属于假基因。32条序列在之前未被报道过,这些RGA可以作为筛选赤霉病功能性抗病基因的候选序列。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV