鸡卵清蛋白基因启动子调控GFP基因在鸡原代输卵管上皮细胞和中国仓鼠卵巢细胞的表达

特异性扩增家鸡卵清蛋白基因上游调控序列 1340bp～ +16 5 5bp片段和第一内含子 +49bp～ +16 5 5bp片段 ,去除pG FP N2载体自身的CMV启动子 ,分别构建了P_2.9koval GFP和P_1.5koval GFP两种表达载体 ,经测序和酶切鉴定表达载体构建正确。采用脂质体转染法分别将这两种载体、pGFP N2 (阳性对照 )质粒及阴性对照转染鸡原代输卵管上皮细胞和中国仓鼠卵巢细胞。用荧光倒置显微镜观测绿色荧光蛋白的表达。结果表明 :两种表达质粒在鸡原代输卵管上皮细胞和中国仓鼠卵巢细胞中都可以表达荧光蛋白。结果既显示卵清蛋白第一内含子对基因的表达起到一定的调控作用 ,也显示卵清蛋白启动子对输卵管上皮细胞和卵巢细胞不存在特异性 ,并且不存在种属差异性。     

转基因鸡生物反应器载体的构建及其表达特性分析

以增强型绿色荧光蛋白和萤火虫荧光素酶为报告基因,构建了鸡卵清蛋白启动子表达载体和慢病毒载体,以巨细胞病毒 (Cytomegalovirus,CMV)启动子表达载体为对照,转染或感染鸡原代输卵管上皮细胞、鸡胚成纤维细胞、鼠3T3-L1前脂肪细胞和牛乳腺上皮细胞,通过荧光和酶活性检测,旨在筛选出用于实现转基因鸡生物反应器的高效特异性表达载体。结果发现,鸡卵清蛋白启动子表达载体转染以上4种细胞后2种标记基因均有表达,没有表现出明显的细胞特异性,且荧光素酶检测结果表明其在各细胞组中表达活性都低于CMV启动子表达载体100倍以上;慢病毒载体感染以上4种细胞后2种标记基因均有表达,在鸡输卵管上皮细胞组感染单个细胞的病毒颗粒 (Multiplicity of infection,MOI) 为20时绿色荧光蛋白表达量就可以达到CMV启动子表达载体的水平。上述结果表明,基于卵清蛋白基因调控序列构建的表达载体无法实现外源基因的高效、特异性表达,而慢病毒载体在表达活性和广泛性上可以用于进行鸡输卵管生物反应器的研究。     

鸡输卵管上皮细胞瞬时表达系统(英文)

在开发利用生物反应器生产特定蛋白的研究中,若先用特异组织作原代培养,建立瞬时表达系统,对特定调控元件和融合基因进行分析,可大大缩短研究进程。本文首次报道用鸡输卵管上皮细胞原代培养, 建立瞬时表达系统的方法。输卵管细胞体外培养(Fig.1~3),在二、三周时间内仍能保持分泌卵清蛋白的功能。当分泌功能减弱时,若在培液中添加激素,一般一周后大部分细胞又可恢复分泌功能(Fig.4)。由于卵清蛋白是一种分泌蛋白,通过斑点免疫渗滤法可迅速简便的从培液中检测到(Fig.4)。为了验证培养细胞能否表达外源基因,在原代培养细胞中转染绿色荧光蛋白基因,可在细胞浆中显示绿色荧光(Fig.5),说明这是一个有效而又方便的检测调控元件的瞬时表达系统。     

鸡输卵管上皮细胞瞬时表达系统

在开发利用生物反应器生产特定蛋白的研究中,若先用特异组织作原代培养,建立瞬时表达系统,对特定调控元件和融合基因进行分析,可大大缩短研究进程。本文首次报道用鸡输卵管上皮细胞原代培养,建立瞬时表达系统的方法。输卵管细胞体外培养（Fig.1-3),在二,三周时间内仍然保持分泌卵清蛋白的功能,当分泌功能减弱时,若地培液中添加激素,一般一周后大部分细胞又可恢复分泌功能（Fig.4),由于卵清蛋白是一种分泌蛋白,通过斑点免疫渗滤法可迅速简便的从培液中检测到（Fig.4)。为 验证培养细胞能否表达外源基因,在原代培养细胞中转染绿色荧光蛋白基因,可在细胞浆中显示绿色荧光（Fig.5)。说明这是一个有效而又方便的检测调控元件的瞬时表达系统。     

鸡输卵管特异表达载体的优化及体内表达

为了实现鸡输卵管特异表达载体在相应组织特异高产表达, 并简化质粒DNA的制备过程, 本研究在已经构建的鸡输卵管特异表达载体pOV1基础上进行了优化改造, 为进一步进行重组药物蛋白的暂态表达及转基因鸡研究奠定基础。首先用限制性内切酶将克隆在pOV1载体的鸡卵清蛋白基因5￠-和3￠-调控区切出, 同时克隆到切除neo基因及CMV启动子的pcDNA3.0载体, 构建成另一输卵管特异表达载体pOV2; 将鸡卵清蛋白基因5￠-调控区单独克隆入同样载体, 获得第三个鸡输卵管特异表达载体pOV3。为了检验三个输卵管表达载体驱动外源基因在鸡体内输卵管细胞中表达的有效性和特异性, 将LacZ报告基因分别克隆入pOV1、pOV2、pOV3中5'-调控区的下游, 获得的重组载体pOV1LacZ、pOV2LacZ和pOV3LacZ经聚乙烯亚胺包裹后, 经翅静脉注射产蛋鸡。用RT-PCR和酶活性检测法对LacZ基因在载体注射鸡体内的表达进行检测, 结果显示肝、脾、肾、心等组织中无LacZ基因的表达, 而输卵管膨大部不仅有LacZ基因的表达, 而且表达的重组酶能分泌到蛋清中, 雌激素注射对报告基因的表达具有促进作用, 其中pOV3LacZ的表达水平较高。这些试验结果表明, 鸡输卵管特异表达载体pOV3具有结构相对简单、表达水平较高、组织特异性较好等优点, 能用于鸡输卵管生物反应器的研制。     

人促红细胞生成素基因和GFP共表达的输卵管特异性表达载体的构建

本实验从蛋鸡输卵管基因组DNA中扩增出约1.3kb的卵清蛋白5＇端调控区（OV）,并从质粒扩增出人促红细胞生成素（hEPO）基因组DNA。将hEPO亚克隆入pEGFP-C1载体的多克隆位点,命名为pEGFP-hEPO,然后将OV片段亚克隆入经Ase I和Vsp I双酶切的切口处,替换掉CMV启动子,经测序和酶切鉴定正确,成功构建了鸡卵清蛋白5＇端调控区调控人促红细胞生成素的共表达载体pOV-GFP-hEPO。并利用脂质体转染法转染鸡输卵管上皮细胞,用荧光倒置显微镜观测绿色荧光蛋白的表达,结果显示共表达载体pOV-GFP-hEPO能够在鸡输卵管上皮细胞定位表达。为制备生产人促红细胞生成素的鸡输卵管生物反应器奠定了基础。     

鸡卵清提取液不同组分对293T细胞多能因子表达的影响

该研究发现,鸡卵细胞提取液有促进239T细胞多能因子表达增加的作用,将在细胞生物学有广泛的应用价值。将鸡卵清提取液分离为大于10 k Da和小于10 k Da的组分,用各提取液50%的终浓度培养293T细胞5 d,用流式细胞术检测多能因子的表达。结果表明,鸡卵清提取液及不同组分都有促进293T细胞多能因子表达增加的作用,而大于10 k Da的组分作用最明显,差别有统计学意义(P0.01)。结果提示,鸡卵清提取液有促进239T细胞多能因子表达增加的作用,鸡卵清提取液中可能存在促进体细胞重编程作用的物质。     

鸡输卵管特异表达载体的构建及其体内表达

用高保真PCR法分别从中国狼山鸡基因组DNA中扩增出卵清蛋白基因(ov)的5′和3′调控区,将其克隆入pGEMT载体,经序列测定证明与已发表的ov基因相应区域无差异。将上述调控序列插入黏粒载体,构建成鸡输卵管特异表达载体pOV。再将lacZ报告基因克隆在上述载体5′调控区的下游,获得的重组载体命名为pOVlacZ。用脂质体包裹的pOVlacZ注射产蛋鸡,RTPCR检测结果表明lacZ基因仅在注射鸡输卵管的膨大部表达,不能在肝、脾、肾、心等组织表达。在上述组织中,仅输卵管膨大部能检测出β半乳糖苷酶活性(1167mUml),注射雌激素对报告基因的表达具有促进作用(1533mUml),重组酶能被分泌到鸡蛋的蛋清中(1733mUml)。结果表明,克隆的鸡ov基因调控区能有效驱动报告基因在输卵管的特异表达,构建的载体能用于鸡输卵管生物反应器的研制。     

鸡OV启动子表达HA对禽流感病毒攻击提供完全保护

鸡卵清蛋白(ovalbumin,OV)基因5'调控序列是构建鸡输卵管生物反应器的首选调控元件。以EGFP为报告基因,构建OV启动子真核表达载体,转染原代输卵管上皮细胞和CHO细胞,筛选得到1.1kb的高效OV启动子。构建1.1kb OV启动子表达H5N1亚型禽流感病毒HA蛋白真核表达载体pOV_(1.1k)-HA,转染CHO细胞。PCR、RT-PCR鉴定结果证明HA基因整合至CHO细胞基因组,并进行转录;SDS-PAGE、Western blot及HA试验结果证明HA蛋白在CHO细胞内的表达,并具有免疫反应性和血凝活性。以纯化的HA蛋白免疫4周龄SPF鸡,2周后加强免疫一次,加强免疫3周HI抗体水平为6.3log2;以10~6EID_(50)H5N1(A/Goose/Guangdong/1/96)亚型禽流感病毒鼻腔接种SPF鸡,免疫组100%存活,无排毒现象,对照组100%死亡。结果表明,筛选的1.1kb OV启动子可有效驱动HA蛋白表达,表达的HA蛋白免疫SPF鸡对禽流感病毒攻击提供完全保护;为鸡输卵管生物反应器表达保护性抗原和珍贵药物蛋白奠定了基础。     

人促红细胞生成素鸡输卵管特异表达载体的构建

通过PCR技术从产蛋鸡输卵管基因组中扩增出1.1kb的鸡卵清蛋白5'端调控区,将其亚克隆人pMD18-T载体的多克隆位点）命名为pOV),经酶切和测序鉴定可作为调控序列来启动外源基因的表达。然后从pOV上切下卵清蛋白5'端调控区,再将其亚克隆入pBCE经SaⅡ和HindⅢ双酶切的切口处,酶切鉴定为正向插入,成功构建了鸡卵清蛋白5'端调控区调控人促红细胞生成素的质粒表达载体pOV-hEPO,为制备生产人促红细胞生成素的鸡输卵管生物反应奠定了基础。     

Characterization and application of oviductal epithelial cells in vitro in Gallus domesticus

Chicken oviductal epithelium produces large quantities of egg white protein in daily cycles. In this study, we cultured and characterized oviductal epithelial cells (OECs) from juvenile (10-wk-old) chickens and from actively laying (30-wk-old) hens. The juvenile OECs were maintained over passage 25 and were positive for toluidine blue, lectin-ConA, HPA, UEA-1, WFA, WGA, anti-OVA, anti-ESR1, and anti-PGR, whereas the adult OECs were cultured over passage 6 and were positive for toluidine blue, periodic acid-Schiff, lectin-ConA, WFA, WGA, anti-OVA, anti-ESR1, and anti-PGR. To investigate the optimal concentration of steroid hormones for inducing egg white protein genes in vitro, we examined the effects of estrogen, diethylstilbestrol, progesterone, and corticosterone on OECs. Results showed that oviduct-specific levels of avidin, ovalbumin, ovomucin, lysozyme, ESR1, and PGR gene expression were significantly elevated in steroid hormone-treated OECs compared with those of untreated cells (P < 0.05). Ovalbumin protein was also secreted into culture medium from hormone-treated OECs. In addition, to examine the application of OECs for avian transgenesis, we introduced human thrombopoietin (THPO)-expressing lentiviral vector controlled by a 3.5-kb ovalbumin promoter into cultured OECs, and THPO expression was significantly induced with diethylstilbestrol or progesterone in juvenile OECs (P < 0.05) and in adult OECs (P < 0.05). In conclusion, these data demonstrate the potential of cultured OECs as a model system for providing a better understanding of the regulation of gene expression and for the production of an avian transgenic bioreactor.     

Ram spermatozoa cocultured with epithelial cell monolayers: An in vitro model for the study of capacitation and the acrosome reaction

The effects of different epithelial cells, namely, hamster oviduct, sheep oviduct, and pig kidney epithelial cells (IBRS-2), on the viability, percentage of progressive motility (PPM), and acrosome reactions of ejaculated ram spermatozoa were investigated. Sperm aliquots were cultured on cells, cell-conditioned medium 199, or control medium 199. The PPM of unattached spermatozoa was estimated after 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 hr of incubation at 37°C under 5% CO₂ in air. Viability and the occurrence of true acrosome reactions were assessed using a triple-stain technique. Spermatozoa started to attach within 1 hr of coculture with the hamster or sheep oviductal epithelial cell (OEC) monolayers, and these spermatozoa showed vigorous tail motion. No spermatozoa were found to attach to the IBRS-2 monolayer. The PPM of unattached spermatozoa cocultured with the various types of epithelial cell monolayers for 12 hr was significantly higher than that of spermatozoa incubated in conditioned media or medium 199 alone (54% in hamster OEC vs. 40% in conditioned; 68% in sheep OEC vs. 38% in conditioned; 36% in control medium). On the other hand, after 24 hr of incubation, there were no differences in the PPM of spermatozoa cocultured with epithelial cells or incubated in conditioned media. The percentages of cells undergoing a true acrosome reaction reached maximum values (P < 0.05) in spermatozoa incubated for 9 hr in the presence of hamster OEC (22.5%) or for 12 hr on sheep OEC (20.5%) monolayers. IBRS-2, a commercial nonreproductive cell type, had a positive influence on both PPM and sperm viability but no effect on the occurrence of the acrosome reaction. Interactions leading to the acrosome reaction were thus observed only when spermatozoa were cocultured with OEC monolayers. The values of PPM in unattached sperm cells seen after 12 hr of coculture with OEC or IBRS-2 were still at a high level (52–67%) for in vitro fertilization. The coculture with OECs provides an “in vitro” model to study the capacitation processes in a situation that may resemble that occurring in vivo. Moreover, the coculture with hamster OECs may provide a convenient and standardized in vitro system to study mechanisms underlying capacitation and the acrosome reaction. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

The chicken ovalbumin promoter is under negative control which is relieved by steroid hormones.

Steroid hormone regulation of activity of the chicken ovalbumin promoter was studied by microinjection of chimeric genes into the nuclei of primary cultured oviduct tubular gland cells. The chimeric genes contained increasing lengths of ovalbumin gene 5'-flanking sequences fused to the sequence coding for the SV40 T-antigen. Promoter activity was estimated by monitoring synthesis of T-antigen. The activity of the ovalbumin promoter is cell-specifically repressed in these oviduct cells and the repression is relieved upon addition of steroid hormones. The -132 to -425 region of the ovalbumin promoter which is responsible for this negative regulation behaves as an independent functional unit containing the regulatory elements necessary for both repression (in the presence of steroid hormone antagonists) and induced derepression (in the presence of steroid hormones) of linked heterologous promoters.     

逆转录病毒介导的人NT—3在嗅神经鞘细胞中的表达及活性检测

本文构建了pRev-TRE-NT-3的逆转录病毒表达载体,通过Ecopack293细胞将其与pRevTet-On分别进行包装,制备了重组缺陷型的hNT-3和Tet-on逆转录病毒,用这两种病毒感染原代培养大鼠神经嗅神经鞘细胞（olfctory ensheathing cells,OECs),并经强力霉素（Dox）诱导,获得Dox浓度依赖性hNT-3表达的OECs,最后经过Western-Blot检测hNT-3的表达以及通过DRG与NT－3转染后OECs联合培养来对表达的hNT-3活性进行鉴定,结果：（1）hNT-3－pcDNA的多克隆位点,用EcoRI和HindⅢ酶切,PCR扩增,再用Sall和Hind Ⅲ切下全长编码的hNT-3cDNA,定向连接到pRev-TRE上,pRev-TRE全长为6．5kb,NT-3全长为0.78kb,pRev-TRE-NT-3重组体经过鉴定,确认插入子的方向和完整性,结果与预期相符。（2）hNT-3修饰的OECs培养上清经Western-blot检测,与hNT-3抗体结合的蛋白条带分子量约为28kd,hNT-3修饰过的OECs上清表达量明显高于未转染组OECs的表达量,且hNT-3表达量与Dox浓度有依赖性。（3）与hNT-3修饰的OECs联合培养背根神经节（dorsal root ganglion,DRG),有许多DRG细胞向外迁移,这些细胞折光性强,突起较长而纤细,并形成复杂的网络。而未修饰的OECs组, 只有少量的细胞迁移生长,细胞迁移和突起生长都很局限,空白对照组的DRG没有向外迁移的细胞和向外延伸的突起;且对照组的突起生长长度明显比NT－3修饰的实验组短（P＜0．01）。这些结果表明,Tet-On调控NT－3表达在OECs转染成功,为进一步体内移植修复损伤提供了理想的材料。     

逆转录病毒介导的人NT-3在嗅神经鞘细胞中的表达及活性检测

本文构建了pRev-TRF-NT-3的逆转录病毒表达载体,通过Fcopack293细胞将其与pRev-Tet-On分别进行包装,制备了重组缺陷型的hNT-3和Tet-on逆转录病毒,用这两种病毒感染原代培养大鼠嗅神经鞘细胞(olfactory ensheathing cells,OECs),并经强力霉素(Dox)诱导,获得Dox浓度依赖性hNT-3表达的OECs,最后经过Western-Blot检测hNT-3的表达以及通过DRG与NT-3转染后OECs联合培养来对表达的hNT-3活性进行鉴定,结果:(1)hNT-3-pcDNA的多克隆位点,用EcoR Ⅰ和Hind Ⅲ酶切,PCR扩增,再用Sall和Hind Ⅲ切下全长编码的hNT-3 cDNA,定向连接到pRev-TRF上,pRev-TRF全长为6.5kb,NT-3全长为0.78kb,pRev-TRE-NT-3重组体经过鉴定,确认插入子的方向和完整性,结果与预期相符。(2)hNT-3修饰的OECs培养上清经Western-blot检测,与hNT-3抗体结合的蛋白条带分子量约为28kd,hNT-3修饰过的OECs上清表达量明显高于未转染组OECs的表达量,且hNT-3表达量与Dox浓度有依赖性。(3)与hNT-3修饰的OECs联合培养背根神经节(dorsal root ganglion,DRG),有许多DRG细胞向外迁移,这些细胞折光性强,突起较长而纤细,并形成复杂的网络。而未修饰的OECs组,只有少量的细胞迁移生长,细胞迁移和突起生长都很局限,空白对照组的DRG没有向外迁移的细胞和向外延伸的突起;且对照组的突起生长长度明显比NT-3修饰的实验组短(P<0.01)。这些结果表明,Tet-On调控NT-3表达在OECs转染成功,为进一步体内移植修复损伤提供了理想的材料。     

The Effects of Co-transplantation of Olfactory Ensheathing Cells and Schwann Cells on Local Inflammation Environment in the Contused Spinal Cord of Rats

Inflammatory response following spinal cord injury (SCI) is important in regulation of the repair process. Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) and Schwann cells (SCs) are important donor cells for repairing SCI in different animal models. However, synergistic or complementary effects of co-transplantation of both cells for this purpose have not been extensively investigated. In the present study, we investigated the effects of co-transplantation of OECs and SCs on expression of pro- or anti-inflammatory factor and polarization of macrophages in the injured spinal cord of rats. Mixed cell suspensions containing OECs and SCs were transplanted into the injured site at 7 days after contusion at the vertebral T10 level. Compared with the DMEM, SC, or OEC group, the co-transplantation group had a more extensive distribution of the grafted cells and significantly reduced number of astrocytes, microglia/macrophage infiltration, and expression of chemokines (CCL2 and CCL3) at the injured site. The co-transplantation group also significantly increased arginase⁺/CD206⁺ macrophages (IL-4) and decreased iNOS⁺/CD16/32⁺ macrophages (IFN-γ), which was followed by higher IL-10 and IL-13 and lower IL-6 and TNF-α in their expression levels, a smaller cystic cavity area, and improved motor functions. These results indicate that OEC and SC co-transplantation could promote the shift of the macrophage phenotype from M(IFN-γ) to M(IL-4), reduce inflammatory cell infiltration in the injured site, and regulate inflammatory factors and chemokine expression, which provide a better immune environment for SCI repair.