陆生贝类齿舌、颚片电镜样品的制备方法

以采自新疆乌鲁木齐南山伞形琥珀螺Succinea daucina Pfeiffer,1854为例,介绍了陆生贝类齿舌、颚片扫描电镜样品的制备方法,并对伞形琥珀螺齿舌、颚片的结构进行了描述。     

中国甘肃南部鸟唇螺属(柄眼目,艾纳螺总科)一新种描述

描述了栖息于甘肃南部的陆贝艾纳螺科1新种,齐氏鸟唇螺Petraeomastus qii sp.nov..新种以贝壳壳顶尖出、轴唇倾斜及测量特征与各已知种相区别.齐氏鸟唇螺,新种Petraeomastus qii sp.nov.(图1～3)鉴别特征贝壳呈卵锥状,壳顶尖出,螺轴倾斜.壳高10.8 mm,壳径7.1mm,螺层数6.正模,HBUMM06530-specimen 1,成体;甘肃文县(32°56′N,104°40′E;海拔1 024 m);2011-08-08;吴岷、徐沁、Prem B.Buhda采.标本保存于河北大学博物馆.词源:新种种名源自我国贝类学家齐锺彦教授的姓氏;名词.     

中国琥珀螺属Succinea的研究

琥珀螺科(Succineidae)隶于肺螺亚纲(Pulmonata)、柄眼超目(SuperordeStylommatophora),亦是曲尿道目(Order Sigmurethra)中唯一独特习性的一类。这一类群按其外套膜、肾及肾管的构造特征,又不同于柄眼目的其它类群。有关琥珀螺的形态比较解剖、染色体细咆分类学,比较蛋白质分析(电泳)、免疫学等,都进行了大量的研究工作。Odhner(1950)根据雄性生殖器官末端有无阴茎鞘,将琥珀螺科分为两个亚科:琥珀螺亚科(Succineinae)均具有阴茎鞘,包括9属和15个亚属,主要分布于北美、欧洲、亚洲、非洲及太平洋诸岛屿;原生琥珀螺亚科(Catinellinae),无…     

中国甘肃南部沟颈螺属一新种(柄眼目,艾纳螺总科)

描述了栖息于甘肃南部的陆生贝类艾纳螺科1新种,诺氏沟颈螺Holcauchen nordsiecki sp.nov..与各已知种相比,诺氏沟颈螺的体螺层和次体螺层最膨大;腔壁齿极弱;腭壁板齿阙如;腭壁凹陷极微弱;具上大下小2枚轴唇齿;在生殖系统中,鞭状器小;成荚器无盲囊;具纳精囊管分支盲管.诺氏沟颈螺,新种Holcauchen nordsiecki sp.nov.(图1～6)新种的鉴别特征:体螺层与次体螺层最膨大;腔壁齿极弱;无腭壁板齿;腭壁凹陷极微弱;轴唇齿2枚,上大下小.鞭状器小;成荚器无盲囊;纳精囊管具分支盲管.贝壳:螺层数6.25 ～ 6.88;壳高6.9 ～7.0 mm;壳径2.4～2.7 mm.正模,HBUMM06664-specimen 1,具软体部的成体;甘肃文县(33°05′N,104°21′E;海拔1 269m),2011-08-09;吴岷、徐沁、Prem B.Buhda采.副模,HBUMM06664-specimen 2～3,2头具软体部的成体;HBUMM06664-specimen 4,1枚成熟空壳;采集数据同正模.词源:新种种名源自德国贝类学家Hartmut Nordsieck的姓氏;名词.     

四种翁戎螺的齿舌形态及功能

翁戎螺（Pleurotomariidae）起源于寒武纪时期,是介于软体动物祖先和现代腹足类之间的过渡类型。目前我国翁戎螺的分类、生态等方面研究不足,为探究翁戎螺的形态分类及食性,以寺町翁戎螺（Bayerotrochus teramachii）、红翁戎螺（Mikadotrochus hirasei）、高腰翁戎螺（M. salmianus）和龙宫翁戎螺（Entemnotrochus rumphii）为研究对象,应用扫描电镜观察其齿舌结构。结果表明,（1）翁戎螺齿舌结构与大多数腹足类具有3种类型的齿舌不同,其齿舌带上具有中央齿、内侧齿、外侧齿、镰状齿、丝状齿和桨状齿6种不同类型的小齿。（2）4种翁戎螺的中央齿均为1枚,内侧齿2或3枚,外侧齿20 ~ 25枚,镰状齿16 ~ 32枚,丝状齿35 ~ 62枚,桨状齿10 ~ 26枚。（3）翁戎螺属（Mikadotrochus）内种类之间齿舌形态的差异较小,进行种间区分需结合其小齿数量,但属间差异较大,中央齿、内侧齿、镰状齿的齿尖和齿基形态都可以进行属间区分。（4）龙宫翁戎螺齿舌带每个横排具有26枚桨状齿,与之前研究具有10枚不同。本研究对翁戎螺镰状齿和丝状齿之间、丝状齿和桨状齿之间的过渡形态进行深入地描述和划分。本研究结果可为我国翁戎螺的形态分类研究提供资料。     

中国甘肃南部金丝雀螺属一新种(柄眼目,艾纳螺总科)描述

描述了栖息于甘肃南部的陆生贝类艾纳螺科1新种,希氏金丝雀螺Serina schileykoi sp.nov..与各已知种相比,新种的的次体螺层最膨大;毗邻缝合线处不具窄带区;轴唇具1向内延伸的钝齿.在生殖系统中,生殖开口牵引肌阙如;交接器细长,内具1个V-形壁柱.本种在形态上与戒金丝雀螺Serina egressa(Sturany,1900)最为接近.希氏金丝雀螺,新种Serina schileykoi sp.nov.(图1～7)鉴别特征 次体螺层最膨大;毗邻缝合线处不具1窄带区;轴唇齿1枚,强壮.生殖开口牵引肌阙如;交接器细长,内具1个V形壁柱.壳高12.3～13.7mm,壳径4.1～4.7mm,螺层数8.750 ～ 9.875,壳高/壳径比2.67 ～3.11,壳口高3.5 ～4.5 mm,壳口宽3.1～3.7 mm.正模HBUMM06669-specimen 1,具软体部成体;甘肃文县(33°05′N,104°21′E;海拔1 269 m),2011-08-09,吴岷、徐沁、Prem B.Buhda采.副模HBUMM06669-specimen 2～15,14头具软体部成体;采集数据同正模.标本保存于河北大学博物馆.词源:新种种名源自俄罗斯贝类学家Prof.Dr.Anatoly A.Schileyko的姓氏;名词.     

斯氏狸殖吸虫螺类宿主新记录:洪山拟钉螺新种记述

本文报道斯氏狸殖吸虫新的螺类宿主——洪山拟钉螺Tricula hongshanensis sp. nov.的特点:螺壳较宽而短,体螺层较高大,壳口上缘成锐角,触角伸展时较长,收缩吋有环状皱褶,雄性阴茎较粗短,末端钝圆,齿舌公式不同于其它拟钉螺。     

浙江弯螺属一新种记述(肺螺亚纲,柄眼目,扭轴蜗牛科)

记述了浙江弯螺属一新种,即龙塘山弯螺新种Sinoennea longtangshanensis sp.nov.。标本采自浙江省临安市龙塘山清凉峰自然保护区。弯螺属的种类主要分布于东亚和南亚地区,在我国主要分布于长江以南的地区。龙塘山弯螺贝壳小型(壳高4.40 mm,壳宽2.40 mm),壳质薄,有6.5个螺层,胚螺层和第二螺层光滑,无肋纹,壳口具4枚齿。模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所。     

中国陆生贝类一新种(肺螺亚纲:柄眼目:拟阿勇蛞蝓科)

作者于1981～1983年,参加中国科学院横断山综合考察队,赴云南地区进行考察,又于1993～1994年,赴滇南一带调查,获得陆生贝类标本一批,经整理鉴定,得拟阿勇蛤蝓科一新种：即云龙隐带螺Cryptozonayunlongensissp.nov.。本文对新种的形态特征作了详细描述,并对生殖系统进行了解剖,对颚片和齿舌作了电子显微镜观察,与其近似种古怪隐带螺Cryptozonaerratica（Heude,1882）进行了比较。     

云南滇池圆田螺属一新种(中腹足目:田螺科)

本文描述了田螺科Viviparidae一新种——滇池圆田螺Cipangopaludina dianchiensis。模式标本采自滇池西南部的白鱼口湖区。本种贝壳大,最大个体壳高25.4mm、宽50.2mm。壳顶尖,有7个螺层,除顶部螺层外,各螺层中部均外凸呈角状,上部具宽阔的阶区。体螺层具7—12条螺棱。相似种长螺旋圆田螺Cipangopaludina longispira(Heude)各螺层中部均不外凸呈角状,上部亦不具阶区,且体螺层只有5条不大清楚的螺棱,两者有明显的区别。齿舌公式:3—4(1)3—4·4(1)4·4(1)4·11—13。幼体4个螺层,壳顶尖,第3和第4螺层上具2—4条螺棱,其上列生角质毛。本种分布仅局限于滇池西南隅。根据湖泊演变状况和湖内田螺科其他属种现行的分布格局推测,它可能是属于分布范围缩减和种群趋衰的种。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV