凉水国家自然保护区天然红松种群遗传多样性在时间尺度上变化的cpSSR分析

应用叶绿体微卫星（cpSSR）技术对凉水国家自然保护区天然红松种群的遗传多样性在时间尺度上的变化进行了遗传分析。共选择121个树龄在1 581~1 900年间的红松个体,连续分为6个龄级。从6对叶绿体SSR引物筛选出两对引物,共检测到7个位点,其中多态位点5个,多态位点比率为71.43%。利用POPGENE分析软件计算了红松各龄级内的遗传多样性指数,分析了遗传多样性在红松各龄级间的变化。研究结果表明,凉水保护区内的红松遗传多样性在这320年间没有发生太大的波动,龄级间遗传多样性分化不明显,红松遗传多样性主要存在于龄级内。     

凉水、丰林国家自然保护区红松居群遗传多样性的RAPD分析

采用了RAPD分子标记技术分析了凉水和丰林国家自然保护区红松(Pinus koraiensis)居群的遗传多样性。10个随机引物检测到61个可重复的位点,多态位点比率为0.6935。Nei指数统计结果表明,红松的遗传多样性凉水居群(0.2634)大于丰林居群(0.2607)。对比分析了这两个天然红松居群的遗传多样性变化,红松种内的遗传变异主要存在于居群内,居群间存在一定的遗传分化。     

天然红松群体遗传多样性的RAPD分析

用RAPD技术分析了分布于中国东北的3个红松（Pinus koraiensis Seib.et Zucc.）天然群体的遗传多样性及群体间的遗传分化。38个随机引物共检测到241个可重复的位点,其中多态位点139个,占总位点的57.68%。Shannon信息指数和Nei指数的统计结果都表明,红松种内的遗传变异主要存在于群体内,凉水群体的遗传多样性水平高于黑河、虎林群体。群体内遗传相似度为0.927,群体间为0.845。红松现阶段对偏低的遗传多样性水平与第四纪冰期所遭受的严重打击和人类近期的干扰有较大关系。     

凉水国家自然保护区天然红松林遗传变异的RAPD分析

采用随机扩增多态DNA(random amplified polymorphic DNA RAPD)技术,研究了凉水国家自然保护区天然红松林的遗传变异水平及其分布规律。16个10bp长度的随机引物在8个实验样地内72个个体中共检测了96个位点,其中55个是多态位点。在种水平上,红松的多态位点比率为P=58.51%;Nei's遗传变异指数为H=0.2868;Shannon's指数为I=0.3654,所有的变异中,有92.47%的变异存在于样地内, 7.53%的变异存在于样地间。根据各遗传多样性在不同样地的分布,初步探讨了红松遗传变异水平与其种群发生及生境的相互关系。     

古尔班通古特沙漠荒漠肉苁蓉遗传多样性分析

为了全面了解古尔班通古特沙漠荒漠肉苁蓉居群分布的遗传多样性特点,本研究通过ISSR分子标记技术,利用Nei和Shannon等多样性指数对古尔班通古特沙漠中5个居群166个个体的荒漠肉苁蓉遗传多样性、荒漠肉苁蓉种群和种内的遗传多样性进行分析。在供试材料中,8个引物共扩增出144个多态位点,多态位点百分率达100%,5个居群的多态位点百分率差异在46.53%～77.78%之间。在物种水平上,Nei基因多样度(h)为0.260 4,Shannon多样性指数(I)是0.411 0。遗传变异分析表明,物种水平的居群间遗传分化系数Gst为0.222 2,居群间的基因流Nm为1.750 7。研究显示古尔班通古特沙漠中荒漠肉苁蓉多态位点比例高,各居群基因交流较多,不同居群间遗传变异并不明显,这些对肉从蓉资源有效地保护和利用具有重要意义。     

枫香自然种群遗传多样性的ISSR分析

利用ISSR分子标记技术,对浙江省内枫香自然种群的遗传多样性进行分析。用10个引物对5个枫香种群共100个个体的样品DNA进行扩增,共测得135个位点,其中多态位点为118个,多态位点百分率(P)为87.41%,Shannon指数(I)为0.4646,Nei指数(h)为0.3122,表明枫香总体水平的遗传多样性较高。各种群的多态位点百分率平均为59.11%,Shannon指数平均为0.3660,Nei指数平均为0.2543。P、I、h均显示北山种群最高,天台山种群最低。AMOVA分子差异分析显示:85.49%的变异存在于种群内,14.51%存在于种群间,基因分化系数(Gst)为0.1856,种群间的遗传分化程度较低。种群间的基因流(Nm)为2.1944。5个种群间的平均遗传距离为0.1199。利用UPGMA法对5个种群进行聚类分析,结果分为两大类群:白云山、天台山、北山和安岱后4个种群组成一大类群;大明山种群单独为另一类群。     

刺槐不同居群遗传多样性的ISSR分析

利用ISSR标记对全国10个刺槐居群子代100个个体的遗传多样性进行了比较分析,从65个随机引物中筛选出10个多态性引物进行扩增,共检测到91个位点,多态位点数(AP)为85,多态位点百分率(P)为93.41%.刺槐在种级水平的遗传多样性参数略高于居群水平,多态位点百分率(P)分别为95.60%、69.01%,Shannon′s信息指数(I)分别为0.6145、0.3733,Nei′s基因多样性指数(H)分别为0.4337、0.2514.居群间的遗传分化指数Gst、Nei′s基因多样性指数和Shannon′s信息指数统计结果,均显示出中国刺槐居群内遗传多样性大于居群间遗传多样性.利用PopGen32软件对10个居群进行聚类分析可知,10个刺槐群体可分为三大类,亲缘关系和地理分布呈一定的相关性,但没有形成明显的地理变异模式.     

珍稀濒危植物夏蜡梅遗传多样性的ISSR分析

利用ISSR分子标记技术,对濒危植物夏蜡梅10个居群的遗传多样性进行了分析.结果表明:夏蜡梅种的遗传多样性较高,多态位点百分率为73.08%,Shannon指数为0.3097,Nei指数为0.1987;而居群水平的遗传多样性较低,多态位点百分率平均为23.65%,Shannon指数平均为0.1251,Nei指数平均为0.0839.AMOVA分子差异分析显示:居群间遗传分化程度高,57.11%的变异存在于居群间,42.89%存在于居群内,基因分化系数(G_st)为0.5779;居群间的基因流为0.3651.生境的片断化使居群间的基因流受阻,可能是导致居群间高遗传分化和居群水平低遗传多样性的主要原因.10个居群间的平均遗传距离为0.1471.利用UPG-MA法对10个居群进行聚类,结果是天台县内的2个居群、临安市内的8个居群各组成一大类群.     

东俄洛橐吾遗传变异与分化的ISSR分析

应用ISSR标记对东俄洛橐吾（Ligularia tongolensis）的遗传多样性进行了研究。从100个引物中筛选出8个用于正式扩增。在所研究的8个居群共150个个体中检测到148个多态位点。在居群水平上,多态位点百分率（PPB）为50.45%,Nei′s基因多样性指数（H）和Shannon信息指数（I）分别为0.1595和0.2440。在物种水平上,多态位点百分率（PPB）为88.10%,Nei′s基因多样性指数（H）和Shannon信息指数（I）分别为0.2811和0.4279。居群间的遗传分化系数（Gst）达0.4355。研究结果表明东俄洛橐吾的遗传多样性水平很高,居群间遗传分化较大。这与其多样化的生态环境是有必然联系的。因适应其多样化的生态环境而形成了遗传多样性;且因其生态环境的不连续性阻碍了居群间的基因交流而产生了遗传分化,即东俄洛橐吾高水平的遗传多样性和遗传分化是适应其分布区多样化生态环境的结果。     

山稻蝗不同种群的遗传多样性研究

应用RAPD技术对我国长江以南丘陵山区6个种群山稻蝗Oxya agavisa进行了遗传多样性分析.10条随机引物共扩增出90条清晰稳定的片段,其中多态性位点为87个,总的多态位点百分率96.7%.采用Shannon's遗传多样性值和Nei's基因多样性指数分析种群内的遗传多样性及种群间的遗传分化,结果表明山稻蝗湖南通道种群遗传多样性最高;两种指数估算的种群间遗传分化系数(44.5%,41.3%)均表明:山稻蝗种群内的遗传多样性稍大于种群间的遗传多样性.分别用Between-groups linkage、UPGMA和NJ法构建所有个体间的聚类关系图,聚类结果分析表明:位于同一纬度附近且地理上相距较近的种群优先相聚,聚类关系与生境条件、地理距离间呈现出一定的相关趋势.     

Gene Diversity and Genetic Differentiation in Natural Populations of Picea koraiensis

Vertical slab polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to examine inheritance of four isoenzymes in megagametophytes of Picea koraiensis. Gene diversity and genetic differentiation in four natural populations of P. koraiensis in Northeastern China were analyzed at six loci coding for four enzyme systems. The proportion of loci polymorphism in population was 0.5. The average expected heterozygosity of all samples was 0. 314, and the average observed heterozygosity of all samples was 0. 316. The average number of alleles detected per locus was 2.50. The effective number of alleles per locus was 1. 71. Measurement of gene diversity for the six loci showed a 0. 0059 significance of interpopulation differentiation. More than ninety-nine percent of the total gene diversity resided within population. The mean genetic distance over all pairs of P. koraiensis was 0. 0110.     

草河口林场红松人工林遗传多样性的ISSR分析

应用ISSR分子标记技术对本溪草河口林场的红松（Pinus koraiensis）人工林两个种群的60个个体进行遗传多样性分析。14个ISSR引物共检测到90个位点,其中多态位点65个,多态位点比率0.722 2。Nei指数统计结果表明,红松人工林的遗传多样性喜鹊沟种群（0.278 9）大于烈士墓种群（0.271 2）,Shannon指数统计结果与Nei指数相同。研究证实草河口林场红松人工林保存了较多的遗传多样性。     

浙江省境内乌药种群遗传多样性研究

利用ISSR分子标记方法对浙江省境内的8个乌药自然种群的遗传多样性和遗传分化进行了研究。从100个引物中筛选出12个用于正式扩增的ISSR引物,在8个种群160个个体中共检测到125个位点,其中多态位点100个,多态位点百分率(P)为80%,各种群P平均为60.5%。乌药总的Shannon信息指数(I)为0.3762,Nei指数(h)为0.246 4,各种群I平均为0.317 3,h平均为0.213 1。AMOVA分析表明在总的遗传变异中,11.44%的变异发生在种群间,88.56%的变异发生于种群内,种群间的遗传分化系数(Gst)为0.134 9,乌药种群间的基因流(Nm)为3.205 2。8个种群间的平均遗传距离为0.049 4,利用算术加权平均数法(UPGMA)对乌药8个种群进行聚类,结果可分为2大类群,台州市的水磨坑、上泮、苍山等3个种群聚为一类,其余5个种群聚为另一类。     

内蒙古高原小叶锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla)、中间锦鸡儿(C. davazamcii)和柠条锦鸡儿(C. korshinskii)的遗传多样性及遗传关系

采用RAPD技术对10个具较大地理跨度的小叶锦鸡儿、中间锦鸡儿和柠条锦鸡儿种群的遗传多样性和遗传关系进行了研究.共检测到678个位点,多态条带比率(PPB)为100%;特有位点41个,占6.05%.总体上3种锦鸡儿的遗传多样性表现出自东向西递减的趋势,分析表明其与生长地点年均气温呈显著负相关.AMOVA表明:3种锦鸡儿种间变异只占总体变异的6.08%,且显著性检验表明这种变异不显著;种内种群间的变异占总变异的11.90%;总变异的主要部分来自种群内部(82.02%). 3种锦鸡儿各种群总体分析结果表明:种群内变异比率Hpop/Hsp为0.8013,基因分化系数Gst为0.1603,种群每代迁移数Nm为2.6192,显示种群间存在一定强度的基因流,3种锦鸡儿间表现为异交性.3种锦鸡儿多样性高低及种群聚类分布格局都表现出一定的地理连续性.     

Genetic diversity and genetic relationship of Caragana microphylla, Caragana davazamcii and Caragana korshinskii on the Inner Mongolia Plateau, China

C. microphylla, C. davazamcii and C. korshinskii exhibit a geographical replacement series from east to west on the Inner Mongolia Plateau. Currently, there is still a debate about the taxonomic and genetic relationship among these 3 species. We studied the genetic diversity and genetic relationship among these 3 species by analyzing DNA samples of individual plants from within 10 populations with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. We identified 678 RAPD loci in total, of which all were polymorphic (PPB = 100%). There were 41 unique loci (6.05%). In general, a trend presented that the genetic diversity of these species decreased from east to west. Further, the genetic diversity was significantly negatively correlated with the local annual mean temperature. Analysis of molecular variation (AMOVA) showed that the genetic variation among these 3 species was only 6.08% of the total genetic variation. Between the species, the genetic variation was insignificant (P = 0.9961). The proportion of genetic variation among populations within each species was 11.90% (P < 0.001) of the total genetic variation, and the total genetic variation mainly existed within the populations (82.02%). Estimated with Shannon's index, genetic differentiation within the populations (Hpop/Hsp) was 0.8013, the coefficient of gene differentiation (Gst) was 0.1603, and the gene flow index (Nm) was 2.6192. This, thus, indicates that there is relatively high gene flow among these populations, and that these 3 species are crossbreeding. The genetic diversity level and the population distribution pattern showed geographic continuity to some extent.     

Development of microsatellite loci for Pinus koraiensis (Pinaceae)

? Premise of the study: Microsatellite markers were developed for Pinus koraiensis to characterize its genetic diversity and understand its population structure. ? Methods and Results: Using the Fast Isolation by AFLP of Sequences COntaining (FIASCO) Repeats protocol, 20 primer sets were developed in Chinese populations of P. koraiensis. Three of the markers showed polymorphism with two alleles per locus when assessed in a sample of two populations of P. koraiensis from the Changbai Mountain in the Jilin Province of China. Five and three loci were successfully amplified in P. taiwanensis and P. massoniana, respectively. The amplification size of these loci matches those in P. koraiensis. ? Conclusions: These markers may be useful for further investigation of population genetics of P. koraiensis.