植物油对虫霉菌液体培养与保存的作用

在萨氏营养液（SDB）中加入用0．1％蔗糖脂肪酸酯－15（SE15）乳化的0．50％芝麻油，可使在SDB中生长慢而结块的新蚜虫疠霉、飞虱虫疠霉和根虫瘟霉等四种虫霉的五个菌株形成均匀分散的菌丝体和能稳定转接的菌液。在SDB中加入乳化芝麻油（0．25％－1．5％）、菜籽油（0．50％－1．5％）和色拉油（80％花生油和20％菜籽油，0．75％－1．5％），能明显提高新蚜虫疠霉F98018的生物量；而在SDB中加入0．50％乳化芝麻油，可使液培菌丝产孢量增加近一倍；在SDB中加入的三种植物油（0．75％），在F98018生长4d后，含量分别下降了85％－94％，但其中脂肪酸相对组成基本不变，表明该菌生长能充分利用植物油中各脂肪酸。用萨氏培养基（SDAY）、加入0．50％乳化芝麻油的SDAY（OSSDAY）和牛奶蛋黄培养基（SEMA）培养安徽虫瘟霉F97028和新蚜虫疠霉F98028，两菌株在SEMA上生长最快；在OS－SDAY以较慢速度正常生长；而在SDAY上，两菌株或不能生长，或在第二次培养时出现明显退化。用SEMA和OS－SDAY上，两菌株或不能生长，或在第二次培养时出现明显退化。用SEMA和OS－SDAY在3℃下来保上述四种虫霉的七个菌株，在OS－SDAY上，所有菌株在9个月后仍保持活性，而在SEMA上有五个菌株死亡；同时比较F97028和F98028在用OS－SDAY保存前后的生长速度和菌落形态，无退化产生。     

甲基单胞菌Methylomonas sp.GYJ3中甲烷单加氧酶还原酶组分的纯化和性质

Ｍｅｔｙｌｏｍｏｎａｓｓｐ．ＧＹＪ３菌的甲烷单加氧酶（ＭＭＯ）粗酶提取液经ＤＥＡＥ－ＳｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅＣＬ－６Ｂ阴离子交换层析、ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－１００凝胶过滤层析和ＤＥＡＥ－ＴＳＫｇｅｌＨＰＬＣ分离纯化出ＭＭＯ还原酶组分．经ＨＰＬＣ分析,纯度大于９５％,纯化倍数为４．４,加入至ＭＭＯ羟基化酶和调节蛋白Ｂ的体系中表现比活为２２８ｎｍｏｌ环氧丙烷每分钟毫克蛋白．ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ电泳表明还原酶由一种亚基组成,分子量４２ｋＤ．ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ测定还原酶的Ｆｅ含量为１．８３ｍｏｌＦｅ每ｍｏｌ蛋白．ＵＶ－Ｖｉｓ光谱表明还原酶除２８０ｎｍ蛋白质特征峰外在４６０ｎｍ有最大吸收峰,且Ａ２８０ｎｍ／Ａ４６０ｎｍ为２．５０,与其它黄素一铁硫蛋白相似,推测还原酶可能含一个ＦＡＤ辅基和Ｆｅ２Ｓ２中心．在厌氧条件下,还原酶能够和ＮＡＤＨ作用,ＵＶ－Ｖｉｓ光谱分析表明还原酶４６０ｎｍ处特征吸收峰消失,说明在ＭＭＯ催化过程中还原酶接受ＮＡＤＨ的电子．ＤＥＡＥ－ＳｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅＣＬ－６Ｂ阴离子交换层析分离出调节蛋白Ｂ,部分纯化的调节蛋白Ｂ的分子量大约在２０ｋＤ,它能够提高ＭＭＯ比活性４０倍,ＭＭＯ还原酶和调节蛋白Ｂ单独存在时不具有ＭＭＯ     

植物胚胎发育后期富集(LEA)蛋白的研究进展

植物胚胎发育后期富集（ＬＥＡ）蛋白的研究进展汤学军傅家瑞（中山大学生命科学学院,广州５１０２７５）ＰＲＯＧＲＥＳＳＯＦＴＨＥＳＴＵＤＹＯＮＬＡＴＥＥＭＢＲＹＯＧＥＮＥＳＩＳＡＢＵＮＤＡＮＴ（ＬＥＡ）ＰＲＯＴＥＩＮＳＩＮＰＬＡＮＴＳＴａｎｇＸｕｅ－Ｊ...     

白刺花硬实种子特性的研究

白刺花硬实种子特性的研究徐本美冯桂强张金政龙雅宜（中国科学院植物研究所北京植物园,北京１０００９３）史晓华（杭州植物园,杭州３１００１３）ＳＴＵＤＹＯＮＴＨＥＰＲＯＰＥＲＴＩＥＳＯＦＨＡＲＤＳＥＥＤＯＦＳＯＰＨＯＲＡＶＩＣＩＩＦＯＬＩＡＸｕＢｅｎ－ｍ...     

抗氰呼吸交替氧化酶研究进展

抗氰呼吸交替氧化酶研究进展梁五生梁厚果（兰州大学生物系,兰州７３００００）ＰＲＯＧＲＥＳＳＯＦＴＨＥＳＴＵＤＹＯＮＡＬＴＥＲＮＡＴＩＶＥＯＸＩＤＡＳＥＬｉａｎｇＷｕ－ｓｈｅｎｇＬｉａｎｇＨｏｕ－ｇｕｏ（ＢｉｏｌｏｇｙＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔ,Ｌａｎｚｈ...     

STUDIES ON THE PATTERN OF MEGASPOROGENESIS AND MICROTUBULAR CYTOSKELETON CHANGES IN CYMBIDIUM SINENSE

ＳＴＵＤＩＥＳＯＮＴＨＥＰＡＴＴＥＲＮＯＦＭＥＧＡＳＰＯＲＯＧＥＮＥＳＩＳＡＮＤＭＩＣＲＯＴＵＢＵＬＡＲＣＹＴＯＳＫＥＬＥＴＯＮＣＨＡＮＧＥＳＩＮＣＹＭＢＩＤＩＵＭＳＩＮＥＮＳＥ￥Ｓ．Ｙ．ＺｅｅＸ．Ｌ．Ｙｅ（１ＢｏｔａｎｙＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔ,Ｕｎｉ...     

嗜冷细菌弧菌菌株ABE—1中呼吸作用依赖性钠泵偶联位点

嗜冷细菌弧菌菌株ＡＢＥ－１中呼吸作用依赖性钠泵偶联位点ＹＡＳＵＨＩＲＯＴＡＫＡＤＡ．ＮＯＲＩＹＵＫＩＦＵＫＵＮＡＧＡ．ＡＮＤＳＨＯＪＩＳＡＳＡＫＩ研究了嗜冷细菌弧菌菌株ＡＢＺ－１呼吸作用依赖性原钠泵与呼吸链的偶联位点。几种抑制实验表明由呼吸作用依赖性...     

生物技术生产生物可降解塑料PHB的前景

生物技术生产生物可降解塑料ＰＨＢ的前景谢安勇,宋艳茹（中国科学院植物研究所,北京１０００４４）ＰＲＯＳＰＥＣＴＯＦＰＲＯＣＵＣＩＮＧＰＨＢ,ＡＢＩＯＤＥＧＲＡＤＡＢＬＥＰＬＡＳＴＩＣＢＹＵＳＩＮＧＢＩＯＴＢＣＨＮＯＬＯＧＹ￥ＸｉｅＡｎ－ｙｏｎｇ;Ｓｏ...     

关于“狭叶桂”植物学名的商榷

关于‘狭叶桂’植物学名的商榷李锡文程必强（中国科学院昆明植物研究所,昆明６５０２０４）ＡＤＩＳＣＵＳＳＩＯＮＡＢＯＵＴＴＨＥＢＯＴＡＮＩＣＡＬＮＡＭＥＯＦ‘ＸＩＡ－ＹＥ－ＧＵＩ’ＬｉＸｉｗｅｎ,ＣｈｅｎｇＢｉｑｉａｎｇ（ＫｕｎｍｉｎｇＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔ...     

兰科植物传粉生物学研究概述

兰科植物传粉生物学研究概述赵运林（湘潭师范学院,湘潭４１１２０１）ＡＳＵＲＶＥＹＯＮＴＨＥＳＴＵＤＹＯＦＰＯＬＬＩＮＡＴＩＯＮＢＩＯＬＯＧＹＯＦＯＲＣＨＩＤＡＣＥＯＵＳＰＬＡＮＴＳ￥ＺｈａｏＹｕｎ－ｌｉｎ（ＸｉａｘｇｔａｎＴｅａｃｈｅｒ＇ｓＣｏｌｌｅ...     

新蚜虫疠霉连续液体培养的菌丝生物量、产孢量及杀蚜毒力

继代培养常被疑为虫霉菌种毒力下降或某些生物学性状发生改变的原因之一。从研究新蚜虫疠霉 (Pandoraneoaphidis)固体平板菌落的液体培养获得的初始菌液出发 ,连续 6次继代液培 ,测定了其在萨氏营养液中继代培养生产的菌丝生物量、产孢量及其对桃蚜 (Myzuspersicae)的毒力。在初始菌液的生物量 8 8mg mL和产孢量 7 2× 1 0 5孢子 mg的条件下 ,以三种转接比 (种液 营养液 ,v v)连续 6次继代培养 ,在 1 2 0转接比下的菌丝生物量和产孢量分别为 6 4～ 1 0 0mg mL和 7 3× 1 0 5～ 1 0 8× 1 0 5孢子 mg,在 2 2 0下为 5 7～ 8 5mg mL和 1 0 0× 1 0 5～ 1 2 1× 1 0 5孢子 mg ,在 4 2 0下为 5 5～ 1 0 9mg mL和 6 4× 1 0 5～ 1 0 9× 1 0 5孢子 mg。方差分析表明 ,继代培养对生物量和产孢量均无显著影响 (P <0 0 5)。用初始菌液和 1 2 0转接比下继代培养的菌液制备而成的接种体对桃蚜进行两组毒力测定 ,每一组测定的接种…     

Use of some emulsified plant seed oils as a safe alternative for the management of Meloidogyne incognita infecting tomato

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to formulate six different plant seed oils namely canola, cotton, flax, olive, sesame and soybean as emulsifiable concentrates. The composition of the formulation comprises at least one organic solvent, one surfactant and one plant oil. Physico-chemical properties of the formulated oils (emulsion stability test, cold stability and heat stability tests) were measured. The successfully emulsified oils were evaluated for nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita infecting tomato plants under greenhouse conditions. Emulsified canola oil proved to be the most effective oil as a protectant against M. incognita infection to tomatoes followed by soybean, cotton, flax and sesame oil. In addition, employing a high rate of the tested emulsified oils gave higher activity in suppressing nematodes both in the soil and in tomato roots than using a low rate. Moreover, all tested formulated oils at both rates of application had no adverse effect on the growth of tomato plants except sesame oil which significantly decreased the shoot length when compared to the control. The prepared plant oils might be used as potential sources for sustainable eco-friendly botanical nematicides to protect plants from nematode attack.     

Influence of commercially derived lipids and a surfactant on the mode of germination and process of germ-tube formation in primary conidia of two species of Erynia subgenus Neopandora (Zygomycotina: Entomophthorales

Primary conidia of the entomopathogens Erynia (subgenus Neopandora) delphacis (1 isolate) and Erynia ( Neopandora) neoaphidis (3 isolates) were stimulated to form germ-tubes with Tween 20 and with free, long-chain fatty acids, each incorporated into Entomophthora complete medium (ECM). When combined with other basal media (three tested), these compounds did not stimulate germ-tube formation. Triacylglycerols and vegetable oils, added to the same media, allowed almost complete resporulation in the fungi. In both species, Tween 20 (0.1%) encouraged greater germ-tube production (41–69%) than the fatty acids (0.1%) (≤36%). For E. delphacis, Tween 20 and the fatty acids differed significantly, but for E. neoaphidis the differences were almost always insignificant. Myristic and oleic acids stimulated germ-tube formation in both species. Palmitic acid allowed almost complete resporulation of the fungi, except for one isolate of E. neoaphidis that formed germ-tubes. Linoleic acid, tested only for E. delphacis, was fungistatic to most conidia. Higher concentrations of the fatty acids (≤1%) did not increase germ-tube formation, except 1% oleic acid which affected E. delphacis alone (>80% germination and germ-tubes). Linoleic acid, and sometimes also myristic and oleic, were fungistatic and/or toxic, depending on their concentration and on medium composition. Addition of fatty acids to ECM usually extended the lag period, and altered the morphology of the conidia and germ-tubes. These phenomena were not observed with Tween 20. Colonies were formed by E. delphacis alone, stimulated by ECM supplemented with Tween 20 or fatty acids. The results are discussed with respect to biological and physiological aspects of germination, and with respect to the mode of action of the fatty acids and the surfactant. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

蚜科专化菌努利虫疠霉菌种超低温储存

虫霉目真菌的活力对超低温储存较为敏感。储存法在大范围应用前,需对储存效果进行详细评估。将蚜科专化菌努利虫疠霉以初级分生孢子形式（2－3′105个孢子/mL）在-80℃超低温存储12个月。结果显示日常用于培养该真菌的含0.1%乳化芝麻油的萨氏培养基作为超低温保护基质能有效地储存努利虫疠霉孢子,比常见的冷冻保护剂如二甲亚砜和甘油的效果好。孢子悬液经解冻和培养后可获得最多的生物量,而且菌种保持了较高的生长速率。更重要的是,萨氏培养基的主要成分4%葡萄糖、1%蛋白胨和1%酵母粉在低温存储过程中发挥了协同作用,能保     

近藤虫疠霉分类地位的分子证据*

对近藤虫疠霉和伊萨卡虫瘴霉的18SrRNA基因进行克隆测序(登录号分别为AF351133和AF351134),并于GenBank中的新蚜虫疠霉相应序列(登录号AF052405)进行比较。近藤虫疠霉有43个碱基差异,而伊萨卡虫瘴霉仅有38个碱基差异。这证明近藤虫疠霉作为一个独立的种存在是合理的。系统发育进化树发现近藤虫疠霉和伊萨卡虫瘴霉的亲缘关系比它和新蚜虫疠霉更近。这对Humber的新系统提出了异议。     

干燥与温度对飞虱虫疠霉凝胶化菌丝产孢特性的影响

The entomophthoraceous fungus, Pandora delphacis, is a microbial agent highly potential for control of sucking\|type insects.In this study,effort was made of gelatinizing the mycelia of the isolate F95129 from submerged culture using polyacrylamide\|starch gel pwder and sodium alginate.The resulting film\|like gel of the mycelia sporulated very well,indicating that the materials used for gelatinization of the mycelia was biologically compatible with P.delphacis. Then,the gelatinized mycelia were slowly dr…     

Enhancing of erythromycin production by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Saccharopolyspora erythraea</Emphasis> with common and uncommon oils

The enhancing effect of various concentrations of 18 oils and a silicon antifoam agent on erythromycin production by Saccharopolyspora erythraea was evaluated in a complex medium containing soybean flour and dextrin as the main substrates. The oils used consisted of sunflower, pistachio, cottonseed, melon seed, water melon seed, lard, corn, olive, soybean, hazelnut, rapeseed, sesame, shark, safflower, coconut, walnut, black cherry kernel and grape seed oils. The biomass, erythromycin, dextrin and oil concentrations and the pH value were measured. Also, the kinds and frequencies of fatty acids in the oils were determined. The productivity of erythromycin in the oil-containing media was higher than that of the control medium. However, oil was not suitable as a main carbon source for erythromycin production by S. erythraea. The highest titer of erythromycin was produced in medium containing 55 g/l black cherry kernel oil (4.5 g/l). The titers of erythromycin in the other media were also recorded, with this result: black cherry kernel > water melon seed > melon seed > walnut > rapeseed > soybean > (corn = sesame) > (olive = pistachio = lard = sunflower) > (hazelnut = cotton seed) > grape seed > (shark = safflower = coconut). In media containing various oils, the hyphae of S. erythraea were longer and remained in a vegetative form after 8 days, while in the control medium, spores were formed and hyphae were lysed.     

温度与光照对安徽虫瘟霉产孢格局的影响*

在不同温度（10～30℃）与光照（连续光照和连续黑暗）组合条件下进行了安徽虫瘟霉（zoophthoraanhuiensis）离体产孢格局的研究。结果表明,适于安徽虫瘟霉产孢的温度为10～20℃,但以15℃最适,不仅产孢快和产孢量大,而且不受光照的影响。在25℃下虽能产孢,但产孢量大幅减少,30℃下则不产孢,25℃可能是安徽虫瘟霉产孢的高温极限。全光照各温度处理的产孢量总是比全黑暗相应温度处理的产孢量高,说明光照对产孢具有刺激作用。在10℃和全光照的组合中,累计产孢量最高且持续产孢时间最长,而相同温度与全黑暗处理的产孢量却很低,显示光照在偏低温度下是影响安徽虫瘟霉产孢的关键因素。概而言之,光照主要影响安徽虫瘟霉的产孢量,而温度主要影响其产孢速率或进程。     

安徽虫瘟霉菌株的强毒杀蚜效应与侵染速率*

报道安徽虫瘟霉（Zoophthoraanhuiensis）菌株F97028对挑蚜（Myzuspersicae）的强毒杀蚜活性。以7个孢子剂量（0．4～10．4个孢子／mm2）接种2～3龄若蚜（52～86头／剂量）,连续观察7d所获数据经时间－剂量－死亡率模型模拟分析,接种后第3～7d的LD50分别为34.8、8.7、1.5、0.7和0.4个孢子／mm2。在所用剂量范围内LT50为29～6.0d,随剂量增大而缩短。在接种后不同时段用0.1％百菌清水溶液处理被接种蚜体表面,结果显示,在15～20℃下,在0.7～1．8个孢子／mm2的剂量下接种后2h内的有效侵染率为42～58％,4h内为44％～74％,6h时达90％以上;在69～9．0个孢于／mm2的剂量下接种后1h,有效侵染率为57％～67％,2h内为77％～86％,4h内为78％～90％;高剂量（499～54．8个孢子／mm2）下接种后1h即达90％以上。与虫瘟霉属其它菌种或菌株对蚜虫的毒力比较,F97028菌株的毒力高28～117倍,为罕见的强毒杀蚜菌株。     

New use of broomcorn millets for production of granular cultures of aphid-pathogenic fungus Pandora neoaphidis for high sporulation potential and infectivity to Myzus persicae

Glutinous broomcorn millets from the crop Panicum miliaceum were first used as substrate to produce granular cultures of Pandora neoaphidis, an obligate fungal pathogen specific to aphids. Carrying a water content of 36.5% after being steamed in a regular autoclaving procedure, millet grains of each 15 g (dry weight) in a 100-ml flask were mixed with 3 ml modified Sabouraud dextrose broth containing half a mashed colony of P. neoaphidis grown on egg yolk milk agar and then incubated at 20 degrees C and a light/dark cycle of 12 h/12 h for 21 days. Based on individually monitoring conidial production potential of 20 millet grains sampled from an arbitrarily taken flask at 3-day intervals, the millet cultures incubated for 6-15 days were capable of producing 16.8-23.4 x 10(4) conidia per millet grain with conidial ejection lasting for up to 6 days. The cultured millet grains individually produced significantly more conidia than apterous adults of Myzus persicae killed by P. neoaphidis (8.4 x 10(4) conidia per cadaver) and sporulated twice longer. The modeling of time-dose-mortality data from bioassays on M. persicae apterae exposed to conidial showers from the cultured millet grains and the mycelial mats produced in liquid culture resulted in similar estimates of LC(50) (millets: 21.4, 7.3, and 4.9 conidia mm(-2) on days 5-7 after exposure; mycelial mats: 22.1, 10.6, and 7.7 conidia mm(-2)) although the LT(50) estimated at a given conidial concentration was slightly smaller for the millet cultures than for the mycelial mats. This indicates that the millet grains cultured with P. neoaphidis produced conidia as infective as or slightly more infective to M. persicae than those from the mycelial mats. Based on the sporulation potential, infectivity, and ease and cost of the millet cultures, the method developed in this study highly improved in vitro cultures of P. neoaphidis and may adapt to culturing other entomophthoralean fungi for microbial control of insect pests.