黄独块茎的甾体类成分

黄独（ＤｉｏｓｃｏｒｅａｂｕｌｂｉｆｅｒａＬ．）又名黄药子、黄药脂等,药用其块茎。主要用于治疗各种甲状腺疾病和多种癌症。对食道癌、胃癌、直肠癌的近期疗效确切,对乳腺癌、宫颈癌、膀胱癌、肺癌及肉瘤均有一定疗效［１］。关于黄独中甾体皂甙类成分的报道颇具争...     

灵芝子实体浓缩胶囊对小鼠急性酒精性肝损伤的保护作用

目的：研究灵芝子实体浓缩胶囊对小鼠急性酒精性肝损伤的保护作用。方法：将50只健康的雌性昆明小鼠随机分成空白对照组、模型对照组、灵芝子实体浓缩胶囊低（83.5mg/kg·BW）、中（167mg/kg·BW）、高剂量组（500mg/kg·BW）,每组10只。每日灌胃给药1次,连续灌胃给药37d,空白对照组和模型对照组按等量蒸馏水灌胃。给予受试物第37天,模型对照组及受试物各剂量组灌胃给予50%乙醇（13mL/kg·BW）造成急性肝损伤模型,禁食16h处死动物,测定各组小鼠肝组织中丙二醛（MDA）、甘油三酯（TG）、还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）的含量并观察肝组织病理形态学变化。结果：各剂量组间小鼠与模型对照组相比,灵芝子实体浓缩胶囊高剂量组的MDA、TG含量明显低于模型对照组,差异具有显著性（P＜0.05）,中、高剂量组的GSH含量显著高于模型对照组,差异具有显著性（P＜0.01）。灵芝子实体浓缩胶囊能显著改善肝细胞肿胀、坏死和炎性浸润状况,在脂肪变性方面各剂量组虽未发现显著性改善,但与模型对照组比较,存在缓解肝损伤的趋势。结论：灵芝子实体浓缩胶囊对小鼠急性酒精性肝损伤具有一定的辅助保护功能。     

化学药物对戊巴比妥钠生物转化的刺激和抑制

以小鼠戊巴比妥钠睡眠时间,戊巴比妥钠在小鼠体内消失速率及大鼠肝切片对戊巴比妥钠的代谢为指标观察了几种药物对戊巴比妥钠转化的影响。按对戊巴比妥钠睡眠时间的影响,可将这些药物分为三类:甲类包括密尔通,苯妥英钠,苯海拉明,氨基比林,氯丁醇,氯丙嗪及3′-甲基奶油黄等已知的药物转化酶刺激剂,给这些药物后48小时,小鼠戊巴比妥钠睡眠时间缩短,但在给药后1小时睡眠时间延长。由于给这些药后1小时戊巴比妥钠在体内的消失延缓,以及当温孵液中含有6.6—17.0×10~(-4)M 时明显抑制大鼠肝切片对戊巴比妥钠的代谢,故这些药物延长睡眠时间的原因,至少部分由于抑制催眠药的生物转化。乙类药物只延长睡眠时间而不随后使之缩短,包括丙嗪,美沙酮,E605,安他布斯,PT-22,2-甲基奶油黄,奶油黄,牛胱胺,AET 及氮芥类化合物。其中美沙酮,E605,安他布斯及2-甲基奶油黄都经进一步证明能抑制戊巴比妥的转化,新恩比兴在给药后第3天有抑制作用,唯丙嗪并不延缓戊巴比妥钠在小鼠体内的消失。丙类包括阿司匹林,DFP,6-MP 及 8-氮杂鸟扁便嘌呤等,既不在给药后早期显著延长睡眠时间,也不在后期缩短睡眠时间。上述结果表明:凡药酶刺激剂,在给予动物的早期,必表现出对药酶的抑制作用;但药酶抑制剂在给予动物后晚期,对药酶不一定都有刺激作用。     

黄孢原毛平革菌基因启动子的分离与鉴定

利用启动子探针型载体pSUPV8直接在大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)中分离黄孢原毛平革菌(Phanerochaete chrysosporium)基因启动子片段,获得6个潮霉素抗性(Hyg-r)重组子。对重组子CH2、CH6进行序列分析,结果发现它们都存在真核生物基因启动子的保守序列;用原生质体转化法将其转化黄孢原毛平革菌,仅pCH6获得了潮霉素抗性转化子;PCR和斑点杂交分析表明,pCH6已成功导入黄孢原毛平革菌,并启动潮霉素抗性基因的表达。     

肝纤维化程度及自身抗体表达对熊去氧胆酸单药治疗自身免疫性肝病重 叠综合征患者临床疗效的影响

目的:肝纤维化程度及自身抗体表达对熊去氧胆酸单药治疗自身免疫性肝病重叠综合征患者临床疗效的影响。方法:回顾性收集2007年-2011年住院的20例做过肝穿活检的经熊去氧胆酸单药治疗达到满意效果的自身免疫性肝炎和原发性胆汁性肝硬化重叠综合征患者的临床资料。结果:20例患者中,12例患者(60%)的肝穿标本活检评估处于肝纤维化S3或S4期,其初诊时基线特征与肝纤维化处于S0-S2期的患者基线特征无统计学差异。此外,该20例患者的血清抗平滑肌抗体的阳性率较低(1/20)。结论:肝脏纤维化程度不会引起熊去氧胆酸治疗效果的下降。     

广西罂粟科一新记录属——黄药属

报道了广西罂粟科一新记录属——黄药属(Ichtyoselmis LidénFukuhara)及一新记录种黄药[Ichtyoselmis macrantha(Oliver)Lidén]。     

鲍曼不动杆菌整合子介导耐药机制的初步研究

【摘 要】 目的 研究整合子参与鲍曼不动杆菌耐药的分子机制。结果 收集2008年1月至2011年12月瑞安市中医院临床分离的200株鲍曼不动杆菌,采用K-B法进行体外药敏试验,采用聚合酶链式反应进行整合子整合酶基因的检测;整合子可变区扩增、克隆、测序,分析整合子基因结构。结果 59.0%的医院感染鲍曼不动杆菌Ⅰ类整合子阳性,未检测出Ⅱ、Ⅲ类整合子;编码对氨基糖苷类、磺胺类抗菌药物和氯霉素耐药的基因;整合子阳性组多药耐药菌均明显高于阴性组。结论 Ⅰ类整合子在医院感染鲍曼不动杆菌中广泛分布,可通过质粒在不同菌属间水平传播,在耐药基因传播中起重要作用,应引起临床足够的重视。     

多烯磷脂酰胆碱治疗抗结核药致肝损害40例临床观察

目的观察多烯磷脂酰胆碱注射液对抗结核药所致肝损害的临床疗效。方法将我院2008年8月~2013年2月收治应用抗结核药引起肝损害患者80例,随机分为观察组和对照组各40例,观察组给予多烯磷脂酰胆碱注射液697.5mg加入5%葡萄糖250ml中静滴,每天1次;对照组给予甘草酸二胺注射液150mg加入5%葡萄糖250ml静滴,每天1次。疗程结束观察两组患者肝功能变化情况,并进行比较分析。结果两组患者的肝功能指标比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论多烯磷脂酰胆碱注射液对抗结核药所致的肝损害有较好疗效。     

天然植物黄蜀葵提取物对变形链球菌生长及黏附抑制作用的实验研究

目的通过研究黄蜀葵花总黄酮对变形链球菌生长及黏附的影响,为临床龋病预防提供实验基础。方法采用二倍稀释法观察不同浓度的黄蜀葵花总黄酮对变形链球菌生长的影响,测定该药物的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）;以低于MIC的5个浓度梯度配置含药的TPY液体培养基,接种变形链球菌,厌氧培养24h,计算黄蜀葵花总黄酮对变形链球菌的黏附抑制率。结果一定浓度的黄蜀葵花总黄酮能够抑制变形链球菌的生长,MIC为2．5g／L;变形链球菌的黏附率随培养基中黄蜀葵花总黄酮浓度的升高而下降,且抑菌作用呈现明显的浓度依赖性。结论天然植物黄蜀葵提取物黄蜀葵花总黄酮对变形链球菌的生长和黏附都有一定的抑制作用。     

药物性肝衰竭临床特点及预后有关因素分析

目的：探讨药物性肝衰竭的病因、临床特征及预后相关因素,提高对药物性肝衰竭的认识,减少不良事件发生的几率。方法：对2007年1月至2011年12月我院56例药物性肝衰竭患者进行回顾性分析,对患者用药情况、临床表现、肝衰竭的分型、并发症的发生、生化指标的特点及治疗与预后进行相关性分析。结果：导致肝衰竭前三位的药物分别是中药占30.3%、抗结核药占26.8%和非甾体类抗炎药占23.2%。发病时常见的临床表现为乏力64.2%、纳差60.7%、尿黄60.7%。并发症发生率最高的是感染73.2%、其次为肝性脑病66.1%、腹水64.3%。感染部位以腹腔最常见,占46.4%,其次为肺部41%。治愈好转者为18例（26.2%）,治疗无效者14例（25.0%）;死亡者为24例（42.9%）。从患者发病到死亡的中位时间为35天。治愈好转组的肝性脑病和消化道出血的发生率明显低于无效死亡组,激素治疗与好的预后密切相关（P〈0.05）。结论：药物性肝衰竭的主要致病药物有中药、抗结核药和解热镇痛药。患者的临床表现无明显特异性,肝性脑病和消化道出血一旦出现提示预后差。在疾病早期采用适当的激素治疗,可以明显改善肝衰竭患者的预后。     

CCl4肝损伤与免疫性肝损伤小鼠模型间差异性比较研究

本文对比研究了CCl4肝损伤与免疫性肝损伤小鼠模型肝组织病理切片、生理、生化指标及差异基因表达谱的变化,根据两种肝损伤模型的差异表达基因,初步探讨了它们致肝损伤的机理。结果表明,两组模型小鼠的ALT、AST等多项生化指标与正常小鼠相比存在显著性差异：通过表达谱芯片实验,在CCl4组和免疫组中分别筛选得到379条和293条与正常组差异表达基因;其中有105条基因在两个模型组中均差异表达（表达下调基因58条,表达上调基因47条）。提示CCl4肝损伤与免疫性肝损伤小鼠模型间有相似性,但差异亦较明显。     

CCl4肝损伤与免疫性肝损伤小鼠模型间差异性比较研究

本文对比研究了CCl_4肝损伤与免疫性肝损伤小鼠模型肝组织病理切片、生理、生化指标及差异基因表达谱的变化,根据两种肝损伤模型的差异表达基因,初步探讨了它们致肝损伤的机理。结果表明,两组模型小鼠的ALT、AST等多项生化指标与正常小鼠相比存在显著性差异;通过表达谱芯片实验,在CCl_4组和免疫组中分别筛选得到379条和293条与正常组差异表达基因;其中有105 条基因在两个模型组中均差异表达(表达下调基因58条,表达上调基因47条)。提示CCl_4肝损伤与免疫性肝损伤小鼠模型间有相似性,但差异亦较明显。     

蟛蜞菊内酯对四氯化碳致小鼠肝损伤的保护作用

目的:研究中药活性物质蟛蜞菊内酯的保肝作用及其机制。方法:采用小鼠腹腔注射CCl4制作肝损伤模型,测定小鼠血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、丙二醛(MDA),谷胱甘肽(GSH)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)指标,进行肝脏的组织病理学检查,观察蟛蜞菊内酯对CCl4所致肝损伤的保护作用。结果:蟛蜞菊内酯能明显降低肝损伤小鼠的血清ALT、AST和肝组织匀浆中MDA含量,SOD活力增强,明显减轻肝组织变性。结论蟛蜞菊内酯对CCl4引起的肝损伤有明显的保护作用,其机制可能与其抗氧化作用有关。     

Protective effects of sodium nitrite preconditioning against alcohol-induced acute liver injury in mice

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of sodium nitrite (SN) on alcohol-induced acute liver injury in mice. Forty male C57bL/6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups. Acute alcohol-induced liver injury group were injected intraperitoneal (ip) with alcohol (4.5 g/kg); SN preconditioning group were pretreated with SN (16 mg/kg, ip) for 12 h, and received alcohol (4.5 g/kg, ip) injection; Control and SN groups were treated with saline and SN, respectively. After the treatments, liver index (liver/body weight ratio) was determined. Colorimetric technique was performed to measure the serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) activities, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The pathological index of liver tissue was assayed by HE and TUNEL fluorometric staining. Using Western blot and immunohistochemistry staining, the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) protein was detected. The results showed that, compared with acute alcohol-induced liver injury group, pretreatment with low doses of SN decreased liver index and serum levels of ALT and AST, weakened acute alcohol-induced hepatocyte necrosis, improved pathological changes in liver tissue, increased live tissue SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activities, reduced MDA content and apoptosis index of hepatocytes, and up-regulated HIF-1α protein level in liver tissue. These results suggest that the pretreatment of SN can protect hepatocytes against alcohol-induced acute injury, and the protective mechanism involves inhibition of oxidative stress and up-regulation of HIF-1α protein level.     

银杏叶提取物对对乙酰氨基酚诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

目的：探究银杏叶提取物（GBE）对对乙酰氨基酚（APAP）诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法：30只小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、GBE低、中、高剂量组（50,100,and 200 mg·kg^-1）,每组6只。除对照组外,剩余小鼠腹腔注射APAP （300 mg/kg）一次,随后GBE低、中、高剂量组按照相应剂量灌胃给药,治疗2 d后取材。观察各组肝脏大体情况和肝组织的病理组织学变化;取血测定各组小鼠血清中ALT、AST的活性和TNF-α、IL-6的水平;取肝检测各组肝组织中SOD、MPO的活性和GSH、MDA的含量;通过Western blot检测各组肝组织中Nrf2、HO-1蛋白的表达量。结果：与对照组相比,模型组肝脏明显肿大,病理表现差,血清中ALT、AST、TNF-α、IL-6的水平显著升高（P<0.01）,肝组织中GSH的含量和SOD的活性显著降低（P<0.01）,MDA的含量和MPO的活性显著升高（P<0.01）,Nrf2、HO-1蛋白表达明显下调（P<0.01）。与模型组相比,GBE组肝脏肿大减轻,病理表现有所改善,血清中ALT、AST、TNF-α、IL-6的水平显著降低（P<0.01）,肝组织中GSH的含量和SOD的活性显著提高（P<0.01）,MDA的含量和MPO的活性显著降低（P<0.01）,Nrf2、HO-1蛋白表达上调（P<0.05）,其中高剂量GBE组治疗效果最明显。结论：GBE可对APAP诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤具有保护作用,其作用机制可能是通过Nrf2/HO-1抗氧化途径发挥作用。     

黄根醇提物对小鼠实验性肝损伤保护作用的研究

以黄根醇提物为实验药物,对其进行了最大耐受量试验(MTD)和小鼠实验性急性肝损伤的研究,结果表明黄根醇提物最大耐受量为2080g生药/kg,并能显著降低CCL4、D-GalN所致的小鼠血清中ALT、AST升高(P<0.01);亦能明显降低BCG和LPS致免疫性肝损伤小鼠血清中ALT、AST及肝组织中的MDA的水平(P<0.01),增加肝组织中SOD的活性和GSH的水平(P<0.01)。该实验属首次报道。     

Gene expression profile in immunologically injured liver cell of mice

To study the gene expression profiles between immunologically injured liver cell and normal liver cell of mice and to screen on a large scale the differentially expressed genes associated with the formation of liver injury,the experimental mice were randomly divided into the normal group for controlling and the immunologically liver-injured group induced by BCG and LPS.The liver mRNA of the two groups were extracted respectively and reversely-transcribed to cDNA with the incorpora-tion of different fluorescence(Cy3,Cy5) labeled dUTP as the hybridization probes.The mixed probes were hybridized to the cDNA microarray chips.The fluorescent signal results were acquired by scanner ScanArray 4000 and analyzed with software GenePix Pro 3.0.Among the 14112 target genes,293 genes were found to be significantly differentially expressed,in which 188 genes were up-regulated and 105 genes were down-regulated.Based on the analysis of biological functions of those differentially expressed genes,it was indicated that the occurrence and development of mouse liver damage induced by BCG and LPS were highly correlated with the processes of immune reac-tions,cell synthesis,metabolism,apoptosis and transportation in liver cell,which might be quite im-portant for elucidating the regulatory network of gene expression associated with the liver damage,also important for finally discovering the pathogenic mechanisms of immunological liver damage.     

Gene expression profile in immunologically injured liver cell of mice

To study the gene expression profiles between immunologically injured liver cell and normal liver cell of mice and to screen on a large scale the differentially expressed genes associated with the formation of liver injury, the experimental mice were randomly divided into the normal group for controlling and the immunologically liver-injured group induced by BCG and LPS. The liver mRNA of the two groups were extracted respectively and reversely-transcribed to cDNA with the incorporation of different fluorescence (Cy3, Cy5) labeled dUTP as the hybridization probes. The mixed probes were hybridized to the cDNA microarray chips. The fluorescent signal results were acquired by scanner ScanArray 4000 and analyzed with software GenePix Pro 3.0. Among the 14112 target genes, 293 genes were found to be significantly differentially expressed, in which 188 genes were up-regulated and 105 genes were down-regulated. Based on the analysis of biological functions of those differentially expressed genes, it was indicated that the occurrence and development of mouse liver damage induced by BCG and LPS were highly correlated with the processes of immune reactions, cell synthesis, metabolism, apoptosis and transportation in liver cell, which might be quite important for elucidating the regulatory network of gene expression associated with the liver damage, also important for finally discovering the pathogenic mechanisms of immunological liver damage.     

海珠益肝胶囊对免疫性肝损伤模型小鼠的保护作用

目的：观察海珠益肝胶囊对卡介苗（BCG）加脂多糖（LPS）诱导的小鼠免疫性肝损伤的防护作用。方法：采用卡介苗（BCG）加脂多糖（LPS）诱导小鼠免疫性肝损伤,通过检测小鼠的血清谷丙转氨酶（ALT）和谷草转氨酶（AST）活性及肝脏病理变化来研究海珠益肝胶囊的保肝功能。结果：海珠益肝胶囊防治组小鼠血清ALT及AST活性比模型组显著降低,两组比较,差异有统计学意义。海珠益肝胶囊可明显减轻肝组织病理损伤,以大剂量组作用最佳;海珠益肝胶囊的使用使免疫性肝损伤小鼠肝细胞凋亡减少,且有剂量依赖关系。结论：海珠益肝胶囊对BCG加LPS诱导小鼠产生免疫性肝炎的模型免疫性肝损伤具有显著的保护作用。     

姜黄素对小鼠胆汁淤积性肝纤维化的改善作用及其机制研究*

目的:探讨姜黄素对小鼠胆管结扎所致的胆汁淤积性肝纤维化的保护作用,为肝纤维化治疗提供新的治疗方法。方法:42只健康成年雄性BALB/c小鼠随机分为假手术(n=6)处理组、假手术+姜黄素(n=6)处理组、胆管结扎(BDL)处理组(n=10)、BDL+姜黄素处理组(n=10),BDL+姜黄素+锌原卟啉(ZnPP)处理组(n=10)。BDL手术7 d后,假手术+姜黄素组、BDL+姜黄素组每日给予姜黄素(30 mg / kg)腹腔注射;BDL+姜黄素+ZnPP组每日给予姜黄素(30 mg / kg)以及nPP(50 μmol/ kg)腹腔注射;对于假手术组和BDL组,小鼠每天一次腹膜内注射等体积的盐水。整个给药过程持续7 d。小鼠BDL14 d后,取血和肝脏组织,检测谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)水平,观察肝组织病理形态变化、肝纤维化情况、检测肝组织中血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)的蛋白表达。结果:与假手术组相比,BDL组小鼠肝脏胆囊肿大,血清谷草转氨酶(ALT)、谷丙转氨酶(AST)水平显著升高 (P＜0.05),同时,天狼星红染色及促纤维化相关基因的qRT-PCR结果显示肝脏出现胶原蛋白沉积,巨噬细胞及中性粒细胞免疫组化结果显示肝脏出现炎性细胞浸润;与BDL组相比,姜黄素治疗组血清ALT、AST水平明显降低(P＜0.05),胶原蛋白沉积及炎性细胞浸润情况有所改善,同时,补充姜黄素后HO-1表达升高(P＜0.05);对姜黄素治疗组给予HO-1活性抑制剂ZnPP发现,姜黄素对肝损伤的保护作用被逆转。结论:姜黄素可以改善BDL所致的肝脏炎症及肝纤维化,这种保护作用可能与姜黄素调节HO-1活性有关。