UV-B诱导的酵母凋亡现象及调节机制的作用

研究UV-B诱导的酵母凋亡现象及调节机制的作用。通过高密度细胞培养, UV-B能够抑制酵母细胞生长和诱导细胞凋亡。然而, 将UV-B已照射96 h活酵母细胞重新进行UV-B照射时发现, 培养12 d照射过细胞的存活率仍有10% (P<0.05), 而未照射细胞已经基本死亡。同时, 经0.01 mol/L和0.1 mol/L H2O2处理, UV-B照射24 h活细胞的存活率分别是对照的3.0倍和5.2倍; 而经30 min和60 min 55°C热处理, UV-B照射24 h活细胞的存活率分别是对照的3.5倍和9.0倍。     

不同产地野生猪苓多糖与麦角甾醇的含量分析

目的:比较不同产地猪苓菌核及子实体中猪苓多糖与麦角甾醇的含量,为分离优质菌株提供科学依据。方法:采用紫外-可见分光光度法及高效液相色谱法测定不同产地猪苓中猪苓多糖及麦角甾醇的含量。结果:不同产地和来源的猪苓中猪苓多糖与麦角甾醇的含量存在一定差异,其中子实体中两者的含量远高于菌核中的含量,盂县产猪苓子实体多糖含量最高,为60.694 6 mg·g-1,是菌核含量的28.2倍,沁源麦角甾醇含量最高,为4.187 0 mg·g-1,是菌核含量的2.1倍;菌核中猪苓多糖的含量范围2.151 7 mg·g-1~8.887 2 mg·g-1,陕西留坝最高,麦角甾醇的含量范围0.825 9 mg·g-1~2.023 2 mg·g-1,山西沁源最高。结论:产地、部位不同,有效成分含量不同,实验结果可为猪苓药材质量控制及优种选育研究奠定基础。     

光镊拉曼光谱分析酿酒活性干酵母的活化与生长

应用光镊拉曼光谱新技术(LTRS)对酿酒活性干酵母复水活化与生长进行动态观察, 探索从分子光谱角度窥视胞内糖类、核酸、蛋白等生物大分子的变化过程, 及葡萄糖消耗和乙醇生成的动态过程。结果显示, 酿酒活性干酵母复水活化后, 第6小时和9小时, 即酵母对数生长中期及乙醇产生前期, 是调控酵母细胞生理变化的2个重要的时间点。核酸类物质在细胞活化后迅速增加, RNA在第6小时达到最大值; 而蛋白质和脂类物质从第6小时开始快速增加, 在第9小时达 到最大值, 而后呈下降趋势; 胞内乙醇则是在9 h开始出现, 在9     

UV-B辐射对黄芩幼苗生长及生理生化指标的影响

对经过11.8 μW·cm-2 UV-B连续辐照7 d后黄芩(Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi)幼苗的生长及一些生理生化指标进行了测定和分析.结果表明:经11.8 μW·cm-2 UV-B辐照7 d后,黄芩幼苗的平均株高和单株平均干质量分别为8.1 cm和0.026 g,与对照无显著差异(P>0.05);叶片的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素及类胡萝卜素含量分别为2.89、1.04、3.93和0.48 mg·g-1,均极显著低于对照(P<0.01);叶绿素a/b比值以及类胡萝卜素/总叶绿素比值分别为2.78和0.122, 分别显著或极显著高于对照(P<0.05,P<0.01);叶片中的CAT和POD活性均极显著高于对照(P<0.01),分别为2 412和2 208 U·g-1;SOD活性(1 228 U·g-1·h-1)较对照略有升高,但差异不显著(P>0.05);叶片中的抗坏血酸(ASA)及游离脯氨酸含量均显著高于对照(P<0.05),分别为11.5 mg·g-1和57.7 μg·g-1;MDA含量高于对照,紫外吸收物相对含量和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性均低于对照,但差异不显著(P>0.05).研究结果显示,11.8 μW·cm-2 UV-B连续辐照7 d对黄芩幼苗的生长无显著抑制作用,黄芩幼苗能够通过自身的抗氧化系统有效减轻UV-B辐射产生的氧化损伤,对UV-B辐射表现出一定的耐受能力.     

UV-B照射对烟蚜抗氧化系统的影响

为明确UV-B照射能否对烟蚜Myzus persicae造成氧化胁迫以及烟蚜酶促抗氧化系统在UV照射下的应答反应,本研究采用比色法,测定了UV-B照射不同时间(0、15、30和45 min)后,烟蚜体内的总抗氧化能力、丙二醛(MDA)和蛋白质羰基含量,及其体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)的活性。与对照相比,UV-B照射时间为15和30 min时,烟蚜体内的总抗氧化能力、丙二醛和蛋白羰基含量显著升高,当照射时间延长至45 min时,均又恢复到对照水平。UV-B照射烟蚜15 min时,其体内CAT、POD和GST活性均显著升高;照射时间延长至30 min时,SOD活性、CAT和POD活性达到最大值,GST活性恢复到对照水平。当照射时间延长至45 min时,SOD、CAT、POD和GST的活性均恢复到对照水平。本研究表明UV-B照射对烟蚜造成氧化胁迫,使得烟蚜体内酶促抗氧化系统产生应激响应。     

压力对酵母菌及其海藻糖生成的影响

酵母菌海藻糖是其在培养条件发生“恶劣”变化时生成的一种应激代谢产物。当压力在0．5．1．0MPa时,酵母菌海藻糖含量为6．5mg／g,较对照提高27％。确定压力提高酵母海藻糖的最适条件为：采用复合培养基,菌体前培养时间20h,压力1．0MPa、加压温度34℃,pH6．0,升降压速度为0．10MPa/min,加压培养3h,此时,酵母海藻糖含量达到11mg／g。     

海洋红酵母多糖提取及其对日本蟳血清中部分免疫活性因子的影响

以海洋红酵母为材料, 通过化学抽提法得到多糖, 用经典的Sevag 法进行脱蛋白处理, 经多级沉淀得到纯糖并采用硫酸-蒽酮法测得其中葡萄糖含量; 考马斯亮蓝法分析蛋白质含量。以定量海洋红酵母多糖人工注射日本蟳, 注射等量生理盐水为对照, 定时测定其血清中部分免疫活性因子的活性; 实验表明: 提取多糖为蛋白多糖, 其中葡萄糖含量为3.6%, 蛋白质含量1.9%, 含有多种氨基酸, 其中天冬氨酸含量最多; 注射后12 h 日本蟳血清中总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD) 活力达到最高, 酸性磷酸酶(ACP) 活力在注射后24 h 达到最高, 碱性磷酸酶(AKP) 48 h 达到最高, 过氧化氢酶(CAT) 48 h 达到最高, 溶菌酶(LZM) 12 h 即达到最高, 最高点分别高于对照组24%、43%、25%、35%、95%; 72 h 后都恢复至对照组水平。结论: 海洋红酵母多糖注射48 h 内日本蟳体内免疫活性因子均有不同程度的提高, 对日本蟳有较强免疫刺激作用。     

海洋中海藻糖产生菌的筛选及发酵条件优化

从180余份海水、海泥样品中筛选得到60株产海藻糖较高的菌株,编号为2-14的菌株海藻糖产量最高,为127.9mg/g cell。对2-14菌株进行形态特征、培养特征及生理生化试验,鉴定该菌株为红酵母属(Rhodotorula sp.)。研究摇瓶发酵条件对红酵母海藻糖产量的影响,结果为:初始pH5.5,发酵温度28℃,装液量75mL(250mL三角瓶中)。采用优化后发酵条件红酵母海藻糖产量为193.3mg/g cell,优化前对照值为132.1mg/g cell,优化后的结果是优化前的1.46倍。在5L发酵罐中培养得到最佳发酵时间为54h,发酵罐培养发酵液中海藻糖含量最高达2.5g/L,为摇瓶培养的1.6倍。     

宽叶羌活不同部位有效成分的分布特征

采用HPLC-DAD法测定了青海省门源县和乐都县产宽叶羌活不同部位(根、茎、叶片、叶柄和种子)中绿原酸、阿魏酸、紫花前胡苷、补骨脂素、香柑内酯、欧前胡素、羌活醇和异欧前胡素的含量,探究有效成分在不同部位中的分布特征。结果表明,门源产宽叶羌活不同部位中活性成分总含量由高到低依次为根(52.812 mg·g-1)>种子(10.870 mg·g-1)>叶柄(6.607 mg·g-1)>茎(5.909 mg·g-1)>叶片(5.051 mg·g-1),乐都产宽叶羌活不同部位中活性成分总含量由高到低依次为根(80.104 mg·g-1)>种子(17.761 mg·g-1)>叶片(4.542mg·g-1)>叶柄(3.801 mg·g-1)>茎(3.632 mg·g-1),根部活性成分总含量均明显高于其他部位,与传统上以其根茎及根入药相符。地上部分各部位中,种子中活性成分总含量最高,羌活醇和异欧前胡素的含量之和也达到药典要求。紫花前胡苷、异欧前胡素主要富集于根部,绿原酸在全草中广泛分布,其他成分在全草中含量均较低。     

酵母发酵玉米秸秆水解液产麦角甾醇应用研究

生物质是一种可再生资源,生物质发酵可产生高端化工产品.本文主要探讨蒸汽爆破处理玉米秸秆及水解可发酵单糖,考察酵母发酵玉米秸秆糖化液产麦角甾醇的应用研究.实验结果表明:当固液比10%,盐酸浓度1.5%,90℃水解反应3 h,还原糖含量达到53.3%,纤维素转化率79%.发酵工艺参数为玉米秸秆糖化液6.0°Bx,玉米浆4%,pH 7.5,接种量10%,28℃摇床振荡培养32 h,细胞生物量达8.5 g/L,麦角甾醇含量可达2.35%.同时对玉米秸秆发酵产麦角甾醇晶体进行结构表征.     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various