单元内混合家系相关法估算遗传力及遗传相关的探讨

本文取单元内同胞相关法和混合家系亲缘相关法估算畜禽遗传参数之长,推导出单元内混合家系相关法。用这种方法估算遗传参数,既能消除环境单元间的差异,又能充分利用全同胞和半同胞资料,具有扩大信息来源,提高估算准确性和计算方便的优点。     

小麦籽粒品质性状的杂种优势和相关分析

以6个小麦品种（系）组配的6个杂交组合F1为供试材料,对其籽粒品质性状进行了杂种优化、性状相关和亲子相关分析。结果表明：（1）粉质参数中的形成时间和稳定时间杂种优势最强,分别为56.49％和32.23％;籽粒蛋白质含量和硬度的优势最弱,分别为-2.73％和-0.9046％;沉淀值和湿面筋含量的优势居中,分别为6.88％和5.88％。（2）粉质参数中的吸水率、稳定时间同其它几个指标之间呈显著或极显著相关;沉淀值与籽粒蛋白质含量呈正相关,但不显著,与湿面筋含量呈显著负相关;湿面筋含量与籽粒蛋白质含量呈显著负相关。（3）杂种F1的籽粒Zeleny沉淀值与高亲值,低亲值和中亲值呈显著和极显著正相关;籽粒蛋白质含量和湿面筋含量与高亲值,低亲值和中亲值呈负相关或不相关。     

不结球白菜杂种优势及相关分析

以4个不结球白菜不育系与4个父本系以NCⅡ法配制16个杂交组合,研究了16个F1组合的杂种优势表现及其与亲本之间的相关关系,同时对性状间的遗传相关进行分析.结果表明:不结球白菜产量性状杂种优势＞农艺性状杂种优势＞光合性状杂种优势＞品质性状杂种优势.产量性状以超亲优势为主,农艺性状和光合性状以中亲优势为主,品质性状中可溶性糖含量以中亲优势为主, Vc含量和蛋白质含量均为弱的负向优势.亲子相关分析表明,一些性状F1与中亲值、低亲值或高亲值显著相关,因此在亲本选配时,注意亲本差异的同时,中亲值特别是低亲值不能过低,尤其是品质性状.性状间相关分析显示,光合性状与产量性状显著正相关,说明F1高效的光合同化作用是杂种高产的基础.品质性状中,可溶性糖含量与产量显著正相关,但Vc和蛋白质含量与产量负相关,在亲本选配时还应注意二者的协调.     

肿瘤细胞与肿瘤微环境间的相互作用

在肿瘤组织中,除了肿瘤细胞外还有其他成分包括间质细胞和细胞外基质(ECM),这些共同构成肿瘤微环境。这些间质细胞包括:成纤维细胞、内皮细胞、炎症细胞、脂肪细胞等。间质细胞的分布、细胞外基质的组成和代谢产物在同一肿瘤中明显不同。肿瘤细胞周围的间质细胞状态对肿瘤的转移产生重要影响,甚至可以用来预测肿瘤复发。肿瘤的发生发展包括众多成分之间的相互作用,本文论述了这一复杂网络的各个组成部分。     

氟啶虫胺腈对意大利蜜蜂解毒、免疫和记忆相关基因表达的亚致死效应

【目的】新型杀虫剂氟啶虫胺腈广泛用于农业生产中的害虫防治,但其对蜜蜂健康影响的研究较少。本文探究了亚致死剂量的噻虫啉对意大利蜜蜂Apis mellifera ligustica 6种解毒相关基因(CYP9Q1、CYP9Q2、CYP9Q3、CYP9S1、CYP6AS5和CYP4G11)、4种免疫相关基因(Abaecin、Defensin、Hymenoptaeci和Apidaecin)和3种记忆相关基因(PKA、GluRA和NMDAR1)表达的影响。【方法】采用饲喂法确定氟啶虫胺腈对蜜蜂的经口急性毒性;并用1/3 LD_(50)和1/10 LD_(50)氟啶虫胺腈饲喂蜜蜂后48 h,运用荧光定量PCR技术分别检测了蜜蜂脑部解毒、免疫和记忆相关基因的表达变化,并统计各组蜜蜂的死亡率。【结果】氟啶虫胺腈对蜜蜂经口性半数致死剂量LD_(50)为0.099μg/蜂;饲喂1/3 LD_(50)氟啶虫胺腈能够显著抑制蜜蜂Abaecin和Defensin的表达(P 0.05),而PKA、NMDAR1、GluRA、CYP9Q2和CYP9Q3能够被其诱导上调表达(P 0.05);饲喂1/3 LD_(50)和1/10 LD_(50)氟啶虫胺腈均能显著诱导蜜蜂Hymenoptaecin、Apidaecin、CYP6AS5和CYP4G11上调表达(P 0.05)。但饲喂1/3 LD_(50)和1/10 LD_(50)氟啶虫胺腈的处理均不影响蜜蜂CYP9Q1和CYP9S1表达。【结论】氟啶虫胺腈的曝露可能会对意大利蜜蜂的免疫、记忆和解毒系统都有一定的影响,这对深入探究氟啶虫胺腈与蜜蜂之间互作的分子机制有一定生物学意义。     

肝癌组织中Cyclin D1及其相关基因研究的进展

细胞周期调控异常会导致肿瘤的发生和发展,Cyclin D1是细胞周期的重要调控元件之一,与肝癌发生、进展及预后关系密切。本文就Cyclin D1的结构、功能、作用机制、肝癌组织中Cyclin D1及其相关基因研究的进展情况予以综述。     

AAV在基因治疗中的靶向修饰研究进展

安全、有效、具有靶向性的病毒载体是基因治疗药物在临床上得以应用的关键。AAV是微小病毒科的一种,它能以其低的免疫原性及广泛的宿主性对人及灵长类进行感染,并且经过改造后的AAV病毒能更有效的靶向性特定组织及肿瘤细胞。重点对AAV病毒载体的衣壳蛋白基因工程修饰、转录调控修饰和转录后microRNA干扰表达修饰及衣壳蛋白化学修饰靶向机理,以及改造方法进行介绍。修饰后的AAV能改善其感染引起的性免疫反应、转染效率和肿瘤靶向性。     

白毛黑眼兔眼部虹膜Trp1、Trp2基因克隆与分析

目的 克隆日本大耳白兔白毛黑眼系(白毛黑眼兔)眼部虹膜Trp1、Trp2基因,获取其完整的外显子序列.进一步推测这两个基因编码的蛋白,并分析其特征.方法 从白毛黑眼兔的黑色虹膜组织中提取RNA,并反转录成cDNA.利用来自小鼠、大鼠和人的同源引物,扩增获得白毛黑眼兔Trp1、Trp2基因外显子片段.然后对已知片段进行3' RACE和5'RACE,从而获得白毛黑眼兔Trp1、Trp2基因外显子完整序列.利用相关软件对获得序列进行翻译和分析.结果 首次获得了白毛黑眼兔Trp1、Trp2基因外显子全序列.该实验兔Trp1基因的编码序列全长1604个碱基,其核苷酸序列与人的相似度为87.9％,与小鼠的相似度为82.7％.TRP1成熟蛋白包含513氨基酸,氨基酸序列与人的相似度为89.8％,与小鼠的相似度为86.6％.该实验兔Trp2基因序列全长1554个碱基,其核苷酸序列与人的相似度为83.2％,与小鼠的相似度为81.9％.TRP2成熟蛋白包含494个氨基酸,其序列与人的一致度为84.2％,与小鼠的一致度为84.4％.结论 本研究获得的TRP1、TRP2的序列与已知的家兔酪氨酸相关蛋白家族成员TYR的序列进行比对,结果显示这三种蛋白之间有较高的相似度,并且TRP1和TRP2蛋白序列表现出了酪氨酸酶家族结构上的保守性和特有的结构特征.     

转化相关蛋白p86的鉴定

以转化细胞Rat3-3免疫大鼠,获得单克隆抗体E5(MeAb E5)。其对应抗原耐热,是分子量为86kD的蛋白质(P86)。它在c-Ha-ras癌基因转化的细胞上均有较高的阳性表达,而在其相应的非转化细胞上含量甚微。以人工合成的反义c-Ha-ras寡聚核苷酸As-Ⅱ处理Rat3-3细胞,该细胞生长受抑(44.2％),,此对p86的表达亦降低(39.1％)。P86在五种人胃癌细胞系中均有较高表达,在原发胃癌及其转移灶中阳性率达82.6％。p86不仅是一种与C-Ha-ras转化相关的蛋白,而且为胃癌相关抗原。     

细胞凋亡和代谢基因在转移倾向结肠癌中的研究

目的:应用基因微阵列技术初步筛选与不同转移倾向结肠癌相关的细胞凋亡和代谢相关基因,研究转移相关基因功能.方法:取结肠癌肝转移和无转移结肠癌组织,采用人全基因组表达谱芯片获得两组织的基因表达谱,分析比较两者之间细胞凋亡和代谢基因的差异表达情况;利用基因数据库检索结肠癌相关基因,分析基因功能.结果:应用含有16450个克隆(其中3869个未知)的cDNA微阵列分析发现,细胞凋亡或肿瘤相关基因中,2倍以上(Ratio值小于0.5或大于2.0)差异基因共216个,上调基因85个,下调基因129个.表达差异5倍以上(Ratio值小于0.2或大于5.0)共32个,上调基因10个,下调基因22个.在细胞代谢相关基因中,2倍以上(Ratio值小于0.5或大于2.O)差异基因共205个,上调基因86个,下调基因119个.表达差异5倍以上(Ratio值小于0.2或大于5.0)共15个,上调基因10个,下调基因5个.利用基因数据库检索分析发现5个基因与结肠癌转移关系密切.结论:结肠癌的发生和转移是多基因参与的,本实验应用基因微阵列技术发现细胞凋亡和代谢相关基因中发现5个基因与结肠癌转移关系密切.     

Analysis of QTLs for yield-related traits in Yuanjiang common wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.)

Using an accession of common wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) collected from Yuanjiang County, Yunnan Province, China, as the donor and an elite cultivar 93-11, widely used in two-line indica hybrid rice production in China, as the recurrent parent, an advanced backcross populations were developed. Through genotyping of 187 SSR markers and investigation of six yield-related traits of two gen- erations (BC4F2 and BC4F4), a total of 26 QTLs were detected by employing single point analysis and inte...     

Quantitative trait loci underlying domestication- and yield-related traits in an Oryza sativa x Oryza rufipogon advanced backcross population

To understand the genetic characteristics of the traits related to differentiation between cultivated rice and its wild progenitor, genetic factors controlling domestication- and yield-related traits were identified using a BC3F2 population derived from an accession of common wild rice (donor, Oryza rufipogon Griff.) collected from Yuanjiang, Yunnan province, China, and an indica cultivar, Teqing (recipient, Oryza sativa L.). A genetic linkage map consisting of 125 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers was constructed. Based on the phenotypes of the 383 BC3F2 families evaluated in two environments, two domestication-related morphological traits, panicle shape and growth habit, were found to be controlled by single Mendelian factors. This implies that the recessive mutations of single genes controlling some morphological traits could have been easily selected during early domestication. By single-point analysis and interval mapping, 59 putative quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that influence 11 quantitative traits were detected at two sites, and 37.5% of the QTL alleles originating from O. rufipogon had a beneficial effect for yield-related traits in the Teqing background. Regions with significant QTLs for domestication- and yield-related traits were detected on chromosomes 1, 4, 5, 7, 8, and 12. Fine mapping and cloning of these domestication-related genes and QTLs will be useful in elucidating the origin and differentiation of Asian cultivated rice in the future.     

普通野生稻中增产相关QTL的发掘

普通野生稻(Oryza Rufipogon)是重要的遗传资源,发掘其优良等位基因将对水稻遗传改良产生重要影响。文章从以珍汕97为轮回亲本,普通野生稻为供体的BC2F1群体中选择一个与珍汕97表型明显不同的单株BC2F1-15,经过连续自交获得回交重组自交系BC2F5群体。均匀分布于12条染色体的126个多态性SSR(Simplesequence repeats)标记基因型分析,发现BC2F1-15单株在30%的标记位点为杂合基因型;利用该群体共检测到4个抽穗期、3个株高、4个每穗颖花数、2个千粒重和1个单株产量QTL。在第7染色体RM481-RM2区间,检测到抽穗期、每穗颖花数和产量QTL,野生稻等位基因表现增效作用;其他3个每穗颖花数QTL位点,野生稻等位基因也均具有增效作用。结果表明野生稻携带有增产相关的等位基因,这些有利等位基因无疑是水稻遗传改良可资利用的新资源。     

江西东乡野生稻苗期抗旱基因定位

普通野生稻是栽培稻的祖先种,其遗传多样性远远大于栽培稻,蕴涵着栽培品种中难以找到的重要性状.以江西东乡普通野生稻为供体、以桂朝2号为遗传背景的野生稻基因渗入系（BC4F5、BC4F6）为材料,利用30%的PEG人工模拟干旱环境,对渗入系二叶一心苗期进行抗旱鉴定,共定位了12个与抗旱有关的QTL,其中在第2、6和12染色体上发现了4个QTL的加性效应值为正,来自东乡野生稻的等位基因能使渗入系的抗旱性增强,特别是位于第12染色体RM17附近的qSDT12-2在多次重复中均被检测到,在PEG处理后1-8 d能稳定表达.通过对抗旱性QTL的动态分析,发现不同QTL表达时间不同.     

Mapping of yield-related QTLs in pepper in an interspecific cross of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Capsicum annuum</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">C. frutescens</Emphasis>

An advanced backcross QTL study was performed in pepper using a cross between the cultivated species Capsicum annuum cv. Maor and the wild C. frutescens BG 2816 accession. A genetic map from this cross was constructed, based on 248 BC(2) plants and 92 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers distributed throughout the genome. Ten yield-related traits were analyzed in the BC(2) and BC(2)S(1) generations, and a total of 58 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected; the number of QTLs per trait ranged from two to ten. Most of the QTLs were found in 11 clusters, in which similar QTL positions were identified for multiple traits. Unlike the high percentage of favorable QTL alleles discovered in wild species of tomato and rice, only a few such QTL alleles were detected in BG 2816. For six QTLs (10%), alleles with effects opposite to those expected from the phenotype were detected in the wild species. The use of common RFLP markers in the pepper and tomato maps enabled possible orthologous QTLs in the two species to be determined. The degree of putative QTL orthology for the two main fruit morphology traits-weight and shape-varied considerably. While all eight QTLs identified for fruit weight in this study could be orthologous to tomato fruit weight QTLs, only one out of six fruit shape QTLs found in this study could be orthologous to tomato fruit shape QTLs.     

Development of Oryza rufipogon and O. sativa Introgression Lines and Assessment for Yield-related Quantitative Trait Loci

Introgression lines population was effectively used in mapping quantitative trait loci （QTLs）, identifying favorable genes, discovering hidden genetic variation, evaluating the action or interaction of QTLs in multiple conditions and providing the favorable experimental materials for plant breeding and genetic research. In this study, an advanced backcross and consecutive selfing strategy was used to develop introgression lines （ILs）, which derived from an accession of Oryza rufipogon Griff. collected from Yuanjiang County, Yunnan Province of China, as the donor, and an elite indica cultivar Teqing （O. sativa L.）, as the recipient. Introgression segments from O. rufipogon were screened using 179 polymorphic simple sequence repeats （SSR） markers in the genome of each IL. Introgressed segments carried by the introgression lines population contained 120 ILs covering the whole O. rufipogon genome. The mean number of homozygous O. rufipogon segments per introgression line was about 3.88. The average length of introgressed segments was approximate 25.5 cM, and about 20.8% of these segments had sizes less than 10 cM. The genome of each IL harbored the chromosomal fragments of O. rufipogon ranging from 0.54% to 23.7%, with an overall average of 5.79%. At each locus, the ratio of substitution of O. rufipogon alleles had a range of 1.67-9.33, with an average of 5.50. A wide range of alterations in morphological and yield-related traits were also found in the introgression lines population. Using single-point analysis, a total of 37 putative QTLs for yield and yield components were detected at two sites with 7%-20% explaining the phenotypic variance. Nineteen QTLs （51.4%） were detected at both sites, and the alleles from O. rufipogon at fifteen loci （40.5%） improved the yield and yield components in the Teqing background. These O. rufipogon-O, sativa introgression lines will serve as genetic materials for identifying and using favorable genes from common wild rice.     

Genetic Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci for Contents of Mineral Nutrients in Rice Grain

In present study, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Ca, Mg, P and K contents of 85 Introgression linee (ILs) derived from a cross between an elite indica cultivar Teqing and the wild rice (Oryza rufipogon) were measured by inductively coupled argon plasma (ICAP) spectrometry. Substantial variation was observed for all traits and most of the mineral elements were significantly positive correlated or independent except for Fe with Cu. A total of 31 putative quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected for these eight mineral elements by single point analysis. Wild rice (O. rufipogon) contributed favorable alleles for most of the QTLs (26 QTLs), and chromosomes 1, 9 and 12 exhibited 14 QTLs (45%) for these traits. One major effect of QTL for zinc content accounted for the largest proportion of phenotypic variation (11%-19%) was detected near the simple sequence repeats marker RM152 on chromosome 8. The co-locations of QTLs for some mineral elements observed in this mapping population suggested the relationship was at a molecular level among these traits and could be helpful for simultaneous improvement of these traits in rice grain by marker assisted selection.     

云南元江普通野生稻穗颈维管束和穗部性状的QTL分析

以云南元江普通野生稻为供体亲本,籼稻品种特青为轮回亲本构建高代回交群体,用SSR标记构建连锁图谱,在第1、2、3、4、7和10染色体上定位到7个控制穗颈大维管束数的QTL,在第1、2、3、4和8染色体上定位到5个控制穗颈小维管束数的QTL,在第11和12以外的10条染色体上,共定位到15个控制穗一、二次枝梗数和穗颖花数QTL。来自野生稻的等位基因大多表现负效,能显著减少群体的穗颈维管束数、枝梗数和颖花数,说明从野生稻演化成栽培稻的过程中,可能淘汰了一些对产量不利的QTL,保留了有利的QTL。相当一部分控制穗颈维管束数、枝梗数及颖花数的QTL在染色体上成簇分布或紧密连锁,且加性效应的方向一致,从理论上解释了这些性状表型显著相关的遗传基础,同时也说明在人工选择或自然选择下,这些性状可能存在平行进化或协同进化的关系。     

Identification of quantitative trait loci associated with salt tolerance at seedling stage from Oryza rufipogon

Soil salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting plant growth and crop production.In the present study,salt tolerance at rice seedling stage was evaluated using 87 introgression lines (ILs),which were derived from a cross between an elite indica cultivar Teqing and an accession of common wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.).Substantial variation was observed for four traits including salt tolerance score (STS),relative root dry weight (RRW),relative shoot dry weight (RSW) and relative total dry weight (RTW).STS was significantly positively correlated with all other three traits.A total of 15 putative quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with these four traits were detected using single-point analysis,which were located on chromosomes 1,2,3,6,7,9 and 10 with 8％-26％ explaining the phenotypic variance.The O.rufipogon-derived alleles at 13 QTLs (86.7％) could improve the salt tolerance in the Teqing background.Four QTL clusters affecting RRW,RSW and RTW were found on chromosomes 6,7,9 and 10,respectively.Among these four QTL clusters,a major cluster including three QTLs (qRRW10,qRSW10 and qRTW10) was found near the maker RM271 on the long arm of chromosome 10,and the O.rufipogon-derived alleles at these three loci increased RRW,RSW and RTW with additive effects of 22.7％,17.3％ and 18.5％,respectively,while the phenotypic variance explained by these three individual QTLs for the three traits varied from 19％ to 26％.In addition,several salt tolerant ILs were selected and could be used for identifying and utilizing favorable salt tolerant genes from common wild rice and used in the salt tolerant rice breeding program.     

Allelic interaction at seed-shattering loci in the genetic backgrounds of wild and cultivated rice species

It is known that the common cultivated rice (Oryza sativa) was domesticated from Asian wild rice, O. rufipogon. Among the morphological differences between them, loss of seed shattering is one of the striking characters specific for the cultivated forms. In order to understand the genetic control on shattering habit, QTL analysis was carried out using BC(2)F(1) backcross population between O. sativa cv. Nipponbare (a recurrent parent) and O. rufipogon acc. W630 (a donor parent). As a result, two strong QTLs were detected on chromosomes 1 and 4, and they were found to be identical to the two major seed-shattering loci, qSH1 and sh4, respectively. The allelic interaction at these loci was further examined using two sets of backcross populations having reciprocal genetic backgrounds, cultivated and wild. In the genetic background of cultivated rice, the wild qSH1 allele has stronger effect on seed shattering than that of sh4. In addition, the wild alleles at both qSH1 and sh4 loci showed semi-dominant effects. On the other hand, in the genetic background of wild rice, non-shattering effects of Nipponbare alleles at both loci were examined to inspect rice domestication from a viewpoint of seed shattering. It was serendipitous that the backcross plants individually having Nipponbare homozygous alleles at either shattering locus (qSH1 or sh4) shed all the seeds. This fact strongly indicates that the non-shattering behavior was not obtained by a single mutation in the genetic background of wild rice. Probably, some other minor genes are still associated with the formation or activation of abscission layer, which enhance the seed shattering.