论新疆北部晚石炭世早期（Bashkirian—Moscovian）具肋花粉优势（GSPD）…

传统观念认为ＧＳＰＤ组合始于中二叠世孔谷期,据新疆等地资料证实此类组合的出现要早得多。准噶尔盆地在Ｐｒｏｆｏｓｕｌｉｎｅｌｌａ－Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｓｔａｆｆｅｌｌａ带之下和相当层位的晚石炭世早期地层中存在两个孢粉组合,即（１）早巴什基尔期巴塔玛依内山组的Ｒｅｍｙｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ＾＊ｕａｒｉｃｕｓ－Ｓｔｒｉａｔｏｌｅ－ｂａｃｈｉｔｔｅｓ ｊｕｎｇｇａｒｅｎｓｉｓ组合（Ｐｒｏ－ＧＳＰＤ）和（２）中晚巴什基尔     

论新疆北部晚石炭世早期(Bashkirian-Moscovian)具肋花粉优势(GSPD)组合的发现

传统观念认为ＧＳＰＤ组合始于中二叠世孔谷期,据新疆等地资料证实此类组合的出现要早得多。准噶尔盆地在Ｐｒｏｆｏｓｕｌｉｎｅｌｌａ－Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｓｔａｆｆｅｌｌａ带之下和相当层位的晚石炭世早期地层中存在两个孢粉组合,即（１）早巴什基尔期巴塔玛依内山组的Ｒｅｍｙｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓｖａｒｉｃｕｓ－Ｓｔｒｉａｔｏｌｅｂａｃｈｉｉｔｅｓｊｕｎｇｇａｒｅｎｓｉｓ组合（Ｐｒｏ－ＧＳＰＤ）和（２）中晚巴什基尔期－早莫斯科期车排子组的Ｐｒｏｔｏｈａｐｌｏｘｙｐｉｎｕｓｖｅｒｒｕｃｏｓｕｓ－Ｈａｍｉａｐｏｌｌｅｎｉｔｅｓｃｈｅｐａｉｚｉｅｎｓｉｓ组合（ＧＳＰＤ）。结合以往在乌拉尔东、西坡,加拿大北极群岛和育空地区的记载,论述了这些大体同时代ＧＳＰＤ组合在植物地理、古生态和生物地层对比上突破传统观念的重大意义,指出亚安加拉区起源很早,随着欧亚大陆的北移和半干旱气候带的扩张,某些亚安加拉植物成分可能发生过向南的迁移。     

山西阳泉地区早二叠世早期腕足动物群

山西阳泉矿区晚石炭世晚期至早二叠世早期太原组相当发育,其中早二叠世早期腕足动物化石非常丰富,共计４８属１２５种,分属于３１科,通过对腕足动物化石进行系统研究,建立了该地区早二叠世早期３个腕足动物组合,自下而上是：（１）Ｄｅｒｂｙｉａｓｈａｎｘｉｅｎｓｉｓ－Ｃｈｏｎｅｔｉｎｅｌ－ｌａｆｌｅｍｉｎｇｉ组合;（２）Ａｌｅｘａｎｉａｇｒａｔｉｏｄｅｎｔａｌｉｓ－Ｎｏｔｏｔｈｙｒｉｓｎｕｃｌｅｏｌｕｓ组合（     

海南岛东部近海新第三纪孢粉植物群

根据ＢＤ２３－１－１井与孢子花粉共生的海相浮游有孔虫和钙质超微化石,论述了中国海南岛东部近海新第三纪各个时期的孢粉植物群特征。建立了４个孢粉组合,它们是：１．Ｑｕｅｒｃｏｉｄｉｔｅｓ－Ｃｕｐｕｌｉｆｅｒｏｉｐｏｌｅｎｉｔｅｓ－Ｆｌｏｒｓｈｕｅｔｚｉａ－Ｄｉｃｏｌｐｏｐｏｌｉｓ组合（早中新世晚期）;２．Ｄｉｃｏｌｐｏｐｏｌｉｓ－Ｅｘｔｒａ－ｐｕｎｃｔａｔｏｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ－Ｔａｘｏｄｉａｃｅａｅｐｏｌｅｎｉｔｅｓ组合（中中新世早期）;３．Ａｂｉｅｔｉｎｅａｅｐｏｌｅｎｉｔｅｓ－Ｐｏｌｙｐｏｄｉ－ａｃｅａｅｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ－Ｌｉｑｕｉｄａｍｂａｒｐｏｌｅｎｉｔｅｓ组合（中中新世晚期至晚中新世）;４．Ａｂｉｅｔｉｎｅａｅｐｏｌｅｎｉｔｅｓ－Ｐｅｒｓｉｃａｒｉｏｉｐｏｌｉｓ组合（晚中新世晚期至早上新世）。孢粉植物群反映了海南岛东部近海新第三纪的气候基本上一直比较温暖湿润,并且逐渐降温的历程。     

塔里木盆地北部晚泥盆世孢子组合

塔里木盆地北部草２井东河塘组产丰富的、保存完好的孢子化石,计３７属７３种,据此建立Ａｐｉｃｕｌｉｒｅ－ｔｕｓｉｓｐｏｒａ ｈｕｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓ－Ａｎｃｙｒｏｓｐｏｒａ ｆｕｒｃｕｌａ（ＨＦ）孢子组合带。对一些孢子的已知地质分布记录及其与西欧和塔西南晚泥盆世孢子组合带序列的对比讨论,表明ＨＦ孢子带的时代为晚泥盆世法门期,大致与爱尔兰晚泥盆世ＬＬ＋ＬＥ孢子带时代相当。描述孢子３新种,图示孢子６１种。     

南京龙潭地区五通组孢子组合及其地质时代

南京龙潭地区五通组共产小孢子５３属１３６种（含１２新种）,可划分４个孢子组合,即Ａｎｅｕｒｏｓｐｏｒａａｓｔｈｅｎｏｌａｂｒａｔａ－Ｒａｄｉｉｚｏｎａｔｅｓｌｏｎｇｔａｎｅｎｓｉｓ（ＡＬ）组合,Ｒｅｔｕｓｏｔｒｉｌｅｔｅｓ－Ｃｙｍｂｏｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ（ＲＣ）组合,Ｋｎｏｘｉｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ－Ｄｅｎｓｏｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ（ＫＤ）组合与Ｌｅｉｏｔｒｉｌｅｔｅｓｃｒａｓｓｕｓ－Ｌａｅｖｉｇａｔｏｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓｖｕｌｇａｒｉｓ（ＣＶ）组合。详细分析某些已知种的垂直分布与组合对比表明：龙潭五通组除包含晚泥盆世沉积外,还包含部分早石炭世的沉积,泥盆－石炭系界线置于ＲＣ与ＫＤ组合之间,即擂鼓台段下一中部与中一上部之间较适合。此结论与相关的植物与鱼化石的时代基本一致。     

安徽广德独山地区的晚石炭世有孔虫动物群

安徽广德独山地区晚石炭世黄龙组和船山组中采得Ｔｉｎｇ类化石２１属６６种,非Ｔｉｎｇ有孔虫２７属７５种,包括新种Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｔａｘｉｎ ｌｉｌｉａｎａ和Ｅｎｄｏｔｈｙｒａ ｄｕｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓ。根据有孔虫动物群地地层分布规律,建立了该地区上石炭统３个Ｔｉｎｇｏ类化石和带和３个非Ｔｉｎｇ有孔虫化石组合,即：Ｔｉｎｇ类Ｓｐｈａｅｒｏｓｃｈｗａｇｅｒｉｎａ ｍｏｅｌｌｅｒｉ顶峰带,Ｆｕｓｕｌｉｎａ－Ｆｕ     

广西天等地区晚石炭世-早二叠世含䗴地层及化石带

简要地介绍了广西天等地区晚石炭世－早二叠世含Ｔｉｎｇ地层,对Ｔｉｎｇ类动物群进行了较详细的研究,自下而上建立了７个化石带,分别为：１．Ｍｏｎｔｉｐａｒｕｓ ｍｏｎｔｉｐａｒｕｓ带;２．Ｔｒｉｔｉｃｉｔｅｓ ｖａｒｉａｂｉｌｉｓ带;３．Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｓｃｈｗａｇｅｒｉｎａ ｂｅｅｄｅｉ带;４．Ｓｐｈａｅｒｏｓｃｈｗａｇｅｒｉｎａ ｓｐｈａｅｒｉｃａ带;５．Ｍｃｃｌｏｕｄｉａ ｏｖａｔａ带;６．Ｓｃｈｗ     

塔里木盆地草2井东河砂岩段孢子组合的时代

塔里木盆地北部草２井东河砂岩段５９９１－６０２２ｍ井段产有丰富的孢子化石,有关该孢子组合的时代长期存有争论。本文剖析了针对这一孢子组合的不同时代观点,依据国内外地质分布限于晚泥盆世的Ａｎｃｙｒｏｓｐｏｒａｓｐｐ．,Ｒｅｔｉｓｐｏｒａｃａｓｉｃｕｌａ（Ｈｉｇｇｓ）ＨｉｇｇｓｅｔＲｕｓｓｅｌ和ＡｐｉｃｕｌｉｒｅｔｕｓｉｓｐｏｒａｒａｒｉｓｉｍａＷｅｎｅｔＬｕ等重要孢子在当前组合的出现,以及该组合与塔西南晚泥盆世孢子组合可以对比,论证了东河砂岩孢子组合的时代应为晚泥盆世。     

塔里木盆地三叠─侏罗纪介形类化石

描述的介形类化石标本采集于新疆塔里木盆地库车和喀什两地区,其中,齐古组产Ｄａｒｗｉｎｕｌａ－Ｔｉｍｉｒｉａｓｅｖｉａ组合,恰克马克组产Ｄａｒｗｉｎｕｌａ－Ｂｉｓｕｌｃｏｃｙｐｒｉｓ为代表的介形类化石组合,其时代前者为晚侏罗世,后者为中侏罗世;俄霍布拉克组和克拉玛依组产以Ｂｉｓｕｌｃｏｍｐｒｉｓ－ＴｕｎｇｃｈｕａｎｉａＤａｒｗｉｎｕｌａ为代表的组合,其时代为早－中三叠世。     

贵州罗甸纳水上石炭统(宾夕法尼亚亚系)地层的再研究

本文详细描述了贵州罗甸纳水上石炭统(宾夕法尼亚亚系)剖面的生物地层和年代地层,其牙形刺序列自上而下可详细划分为：Streptognathodus isolatus, S. wabaunsensis, S. tenuialveus, S. firmus, Idiognathodus nashuiensis , Streptognathodus simulator, S. guizhouensis , S. gracilis-S, excelsus , S. cancellosus , S. clavatulus , S. nodocarinatus , Idiognathodus podolskensis , Mesogondolella clarki -Idiognathodus robustus , Diplognathodus ophanus-D, ellesmerensis, Idiognathoides ouachitensis, Streptognathodus expansus, Idiognathoides sulcatus parva, Idiognathodus primulus-Neognathodus bassleri, Idiognathodus primulus-Neognathodus symmetricus, Neognathodus symmetricus, Idiognathoides corrugatus-I, pacificus, I. sinuatus, I. sulcatus sulcatus, Declinognathodus noduli ferus 和 Gnathodus bilineatus bollandensis 等带。 Declinognathodus noduliferus 和 Streptognathodus isolatus 的首次出现分别代表上石炭统(宾夕法尼亚亚系)和二叠系的开始。根据牙形刺和有孔虫的序列,罗甸纳水剖面的上石炭统(宾夕法尼亚亚系)地层自下而上可划分为罗苏阶(Luosuan)、滑石板阶(Huashibanian)、达拉阶(Dalaan)和马平阶(Mapingian),并可与俄罗斯的巴什基尔阶(Bashkirian)、莫斯科阶(Moscovian)、卡西莫夫阶(Kasimovian)和格舍尔阶(Gzhelian),北美的莫罗阶(Morrowan)、阿托克阶(Atokan)、得梅因阶(Desmoinesian)、密苏里阶(Missourian)和弗吉尔阶(Virgilian)进行对比。另外,本文也详细讨论了剖面中的石炭系中间界线及石炭-二叠系界线。     

贵州罗甸上石炭统罗苏阶和滑石板阶牙形刺序列的再研究

本文详细描述了贵州罗甸纳水上石炭统罗苏阶（Luosuan)和滑石板阶（Huashibanian)的牙形刺序列,自上而下可详细划分为：Diplognathodus ophenus-D.ellesmerensis,Idiognathoides ouachitensis,Streptognathodus expan-sus,Idiognathoides sulcatus parua,Idiognathodus primulus-Neognathodus bassleri,Idiognathodus primulus-Neognathodus symmetricus,Neognathodus symmetricus,Idiognathoides corrugatus-I.pacificus,I.sinuatus,I.sulcatus sulcatus和Declinognathodus noduliferus等带,Declinognathodus noduliferus,Idiognathoides ouachitensis和Mesogondolella clarki的首次出现分别代表罗苏阶,滑石板阶和达拉阶的开始,根据牙形刺和有孔虫的序列,罗甸纳水剖面上石炭统的罗苏阶和滑石板阶可与俄罗斯的巴什基尔阶（Bashkirian),莫斯科阶（Moscovian)以及北美的莫罗阶（Morrowan)和阿托克阶（Atokan)对比。     

华南贵州罗旬纳水剖面宾夕法尼亚亚系各阶之界线

贵州罗甸纳水剖面是研究宾夕法尼亚亚系牙形刺和各阶界线的良好剖面.经详细研究,从石炭系中间界线至石炭-二叠系界线,一个新的牙形刺序列为Gnathodus bilineatus bollandensis(密西西比亚系顶部),Declinog-nathodus noduliferus, Idiognathoides sulcatus sulcatus, Id. sinuatus, Id. corrugatus-Id. pacificus, Neognatho-dus symmetricus, Idiognathodus primulus-Neognathodus symmetricus, Idiognathodus primulus-Neognathodus bassleri, Idiognathoides sulcatus parva, Streptognathodus expansus, Idiognathoides ouachitensis, Diplognatho-dus coloradoensis, Di. ellesmerensis, Gondolella donbassica-Go, clarki, Idiognathodus podolskensis, Swadelina subexcelsa, Sw. makhlina-Sw, nodocarinata, Idiognathodus sagittalis, Streptognathodus cancellosus, St. graci-lis, St. guizhouensis, Idiognathodus simulator, I. nashuiensis, Streptognathodus firmus, St. tenuialveus, St. wabaunsensis和St. isolatus(二叠系)等带.Declinognathodus noduliferus和Streptognathodus isolatus的首次现分别代表宾夕法尼亚亚系和二叠系之底;Diplognathodus ellesmerensis, Idiognathodus sagittalis和J. simula-tor的首现则可分别代表莫斯科阶(Moscovian),卡西莫夫阶(Kasimovian)和格舍尔阶(Gzhelian)之底界.作者较为详细讨论了巴什基尔阶与莫斯科阶以及卡西莫夫阶与格舍尔阶之界线,并认为以Diplognathodus ellesmerensis的首现作为巴什基尔阶(Bashkirian)与莫斯科阶之界线足目前最合适的标志.Diplognathodus ellesmerensis是一易于识别、分布广泛及层位稳定的牙形刺种,其产出又十分接近巴什基尔阶与莫斯科阶的传统界线,因此是划分此界线的良好标志.作者拟推荐纳水剖面为莫斯科阶底界之候选层型剖面,这一界线详细的工作正在大量采样分析和深入研究中,成果将在以后陆续发表.     

New conodont species from the Kasimovian Stage (Upper Carboniferous) of Moscow and Moscow Basin

Three new conodont species, Streptognathodus neverovensis, S. isakovae, and Idiognathodus mestsherensis, which are widespread in the Kasimovian Stage of central Russia, are described.     

华南上石炭统莫斯科阶-卡西莫夫阶界线附近的牙形刺

作者详细描述了华南上石炭统莫斯科阶-卡西莫夫阶界线附近的牙形刺序列,由上而下可划分为:Streptog-nathodus gracilis,St.cancellosus,Idiognathodus sagittalis,Swadelina makhlinae-Sw.nodocarinata,Sw.subexcelsa和Idiognathodus podolskensis带,并对这些牙形刺带进行了国际对比。同时认为,以Idiognathodus sagittalis的首次出现为卡西莫夫阶的底界是最好的选择。另外,文中的Idiognathodus sagittalis,Swadelina makhlinae和Sw.subexcelsa都是我国的首次报道。     

黔南石炭-二叠系界线牙形刺序列的再研究

本文详细描述了华南贵州罗甸纳水和紫云羊场石炭-二叠系的界线牙形刺序列,并自上而下可划分为：Streptognathodus barskovi,S.constrictus,S.isolatus,S.wabaunsensis.S.tenuialueus和S.firmus带,而Strep-tognathodus isolatus的首现则代表了二叠系的底界,本文讨论了世界各地石炭-二叠系界线牙形刺序列的对比。     

广西凌云县罗楼地区早三叠世牙形石

罗楼地区下三叠统,经赵金科（１９５９）研究显示,最低层位为Ｖishnuites marginalis菊石带（Gyronitan阶）,张舜新（１９９０）研究广西凤山金下三叠统形石时,未发现最高的牙形石带,当前研究发现,罗楼地区下三叠统牙形石丰富,可识别出Ｈindeodus parvus,Isarciclla staeschei ,Neospathodus waageni,Neospathodus novaehel-landiae,Neospathodus homeri-Neospathodus triangularis,Chiosella timorensis6个牙形石带（组合带）,从而表明该地区不但存在下三叠统底部层位Ｏtoceratan阶,而且存在下三叠统最高的牙形石带,牙形石组合面貌和岩相显示,该牙形石动物群生活环境与田东县作登地区同属盆地相环境。     

泥盆纪最早期和最晚期珊瑚群研究的进展——兼论泥盆纪珊瑚的绝灭、复苏及其底栖组合

由于志留泥盆纪之间没有发生明显的生物更替现象,所以泥盆纪最早期（Ｌｏｃｈｋｏｖｉａｎ）的珊瑚仍保留着浓厚的志留纪珊瑚的色彩。真正的泥盆纪类型的珊瑚是从早泥盆世中期（Ｐｒａｇｉａｎ）才开始兴起的,至晚泥盆世早期（Ｆｒａｓｎｉａｎ）末惨遭绝灭。晚泥盆世晚期（Ｆａｍｅｎｎｉａｎ）的珊瑚却与石炭纪珊瑚有着较为密切的关系。晚泥盆世的珊瑚经历了绝灭残存复苏３个发展阶段。泥盆石炭纪之交,泥盆纪最晚期（Ｓｔｒｕｎｉａｎ）的珊瑚再遭绝灭,至石炭纪初代之于Ｔｏｕｒｎａｉｓｉａｎ型的珊瑚。正当华南锡矿山（相当于Ｆａｍｅｎｎｉａｎ早期）的珊瑚群罹难的时刻,新疆北部洪古勒楞（亦相当于Ｆａｍｅｎｎｉａｎ早期）却形成了Ｆ／Ｆ大绝灭后生物理想的避难所。     

CONSIDERATIONS OF THE IDIOGNATHOIDES - DECLINOGNATHODUS - NEOGNATHODUS COMPLEX OF MIDDLE CARBONIFEROUS PLATFORM CONODONTS

An earlier proposed hypothesis by Straka & Lane (1970), suggesting 'Idiognathoides' noduliferus and Idiognathoides sulcatus as the progenitors of a closely related group of Lower Pennsylvanian (Morrowan) conodonts, is here considered as unnecessarily complex and based on insufficient data. An alternative and more simple interpretation is offered based on phylogenetic, ontogenetic, and stratigraphic considerations. It is suggested that the Idiognathoides sulcata (and/or I. opimus)-Idiognathoides sinuatus (and/or I. opimus ) group descended from Gnathodus defectus , and that Neognathodus bassleri was descended from Declinognathodus. Declinognathodus noduliferus and Gnathodus defectus are considered as having shared the common ancestor, Gnathodus girtyi simplex.     

Skeletal ontogeny and feeding mechanisms in conodonts

The growth and function of the conodont skeletal apparatus have important implications for early vertebrate relationships and the evolution of vertebrate hard tissues, yet they are poorly understood. Analysis of element length, platform linear dimensions, and platform area in discrete Pa elements of Carboniferous Idiognathodus and Gnathodus bilineatus reveals that the platform increased in size at a rate significantly above that required to maintain geometric similarity. Measurements of P, M and S elements in bedding-plane assemblages of Idiognathodus and G. bilineatus indicate that relative to Pa element length, Pb and S element growth was isometric, whereas M elements grew with negative allometry. There is no evidence to support loss or resorption of S and M elements in later growth stages, or to indicate periodic shedding and replacement of elements. These results are important for understanding apparatus and element Function. The positive allometry of the Pa element platform supports interpretations of a mashing or grinding tooth-like Function for platformed Pa elements. If conodonts were active suspension-feeders, the increasing food requirements of a growing conodont would require the filter array formed by the S and M elements to have grown at a rate significantly above isometry. The lack of positive allometry of S and M elements indicates that conodonts were not suspension-feeders and supports hypotheses that conodonts fed with a raptorial apparatus and teeth. □ Conodonts, vertebrates, skeletal apparatus, ontogeny, allometry, function, suspension-feeding, teeth.