Ppuronic和纤维素类对杂交瘤细胞保护特性的研究

利用鼠鼠杂交瘤２Ｆ７细胞研究了Ｐｏｕｒｏｎｉｃ Ｆ－６８、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素及聚醚多元醇与杂交细胞生物相容性及添加限制浓度;研究了添加浓度对葡萄糖的利用及氨的生成影响;在高速搅拌、高剪切力下考查添加剂的保护效果。结果表明,０．０５－０．１０％Ｐｌｕｒｏｎｉｃ Ｆ－６８、０．１０－０．２０％甲基纤维素能较好地保护杂交瘤细胞。     

聚乙二醇、葡聚糖对杂交瘤细胞保护特性研究

利用鼠鼠杂交瘤２Ｆ７细胞（分泌抗小细胞肺癌单克隆抗体）研究聚乙二醇、葡聚糖与杂交瘤细胞的生物相容性及添加限制浓度,研究添加浓度对葡萄糖消耗速率及氨形成速率的影响。在高速搅拌、高剪切力下考察了添加剂的保护性能。实验结果表明,０．０４％－０．１０％的聚乙二醇能较好地保护杂交瘤细胞,添加聚乙二醇后葡萄糖的比消耗速率增加,而氨的比生成速率没有变化;添加葡聚糖对葡萄糖的比消耗速率没有影响,但降低了氨的比生成速率,并且葡聚糖抑制细胞生长,不适合作动物细胞保护剂;小牛血清能较好地保护细胞;细胞死亡动力学表征为一级反应。在２５０ｍｌ磁力搅拌瓶中培养,培养基中添加０．１０％聚乙二醇,培养温度为３７．０,搅拌转速为８０转／分,细胞能止常生长;而培养基不添加聚乙二醇时细胞不能生长。     

肉毒碱促进WUT3细胞生长及单克隆抗体合成

利用鼠鼠杂交瘤细胞（ＷＵＴ３）研究培养基中不同浓度的肉毒碱对细胞生长、葡萄糖利用速率、乳酸、氨、单克隆抗体生成速率的影响。结果表明,增加肉毒碱浓度（从０％～０．０４％）,细胞生长速率增加;葡萄糖消耗,乳酸生成,氨生成速率降低;单抗生成速率增加,当肉毒碱浓度达０.０４％时,细胞最高密度增加１／３,葡萄糖消耗速率减少１／３,氨生成速率降低约４０％,单抗生成速率增加约５０％,乳酸生成速率降低５０％,消耗的葡萄糖进入ＴＣＡ循环比例增加,当葡萄糖浓度降低到０.４ｇ／Ｌ时,葡萄糖已不再被利用     

氨、乳酸对杂交瘤细胞生长代谢的影响

本文通过在不同浓度乳酸、氨的条件下培养2F7杂交瘤细胞,考察了氨,乳酸对2F7杂交瘤细胞生长代谢过程的影响,包括对葡萄糖消耗、乳酸生成、细胞活性的影响。实验表明,当加入氨或乳酸分别达2．5mmol／L、2．5mg／ml时,对细胞产生抑制作用,5 mmol／L氨或5．0mg／m1乳酸将对细胞产生严重抑制作用。     

动物细胞在鼓泡式生物反应器中的死亡速率

通过实验测定,证明生物反应器中细胞死亡速率与气体鼓泡速率成正比而与反应器体积成反比。实验发现气泡大小对细胞死亡速率具有两种作用,一种作用在于影响气泡表面积生成速率;另一种作用则在于影响细胞在气泡表面的吸附程度,其最佳直径为5mm左右。血清和Pluronic F68能显著降低细胞死亡速率,当Pluronic F68浓度达到0．1％时,kd趋于零。所有这些实验结果均与前文提出的生物反应器设计模型具有很好的一致性。     

半边结灌注培养中杂交瘤细胞的生长和代谢

考察了半连续灌注培养中ＷｕＴ３杂交瘤细胞在不同灌注速率下细胞生长的动态变化,培养其中主要基质的消耗和代谢物的生成。当灌注速率Ｄ从１．０／升高到２．０／ｄ升高到２．０／ｄ时,乳酸得率系数Ｙｌａｃ／ｇｌｕ降低１８％,氨得率系数Ｙａｍｍ／ｇｌｎ降低４０％,丙氨酸得率系数Ｙａｌａ／ｇｌｎ升高５８％,甘氨酸得率系数Ｙｇｌｙ／ｇｌｎ基本恒定。说明在灌注速率升高的条件下,细胞会调整代谢机制,丙酮酸和过量的谷氨酸     

在静态和动态培养条件下杂交瘤细胞的生长和代谢

通过对WuT3杂交瘤细胞在静态和动态培养条件下的比较,发现细胞生长和代谢有很大不同。在静态培养条件下,细胞培养周期较长,细胞密度较高;但在动态培养条件下,细胞代谢更加旺盛,葡萄糖、氨基酸等营养物质的消耗加快,乳酸、氨、丙氨酸等代谢产物的比生成速率较大。     

搅拌转速和pH对ε-聚赖氨酸发酵的影响

采用5L自控式发酵罐研究了ε-聚赖氨酸分批发酵过程中搅拌转速和pH对发酵指标以及菌体细胞形态的影响。提高搅拌速率对菌生长和ε-赖氨酸的合成有显著的促进作用;但当搅拌转速达到400r／min以上时,由于剪切力过大导致细胞死亡,ε-聚赖氨酸产量下降。当pU维持5以上,有利于菌体生长;pH4．0左右可促进￡一聚赖氨酸的合成。搅拌转速350r／min和控制pH4．0时可获得最大的￡一聚赖氨酸产量2．95g/L,菌体量9．33g／L;此时产物E．聚赖氨酸对葡萄糖的得率和对细胞干重的比生成速率分别为0．062g／g和0．006g／g．h。通过对比不同发酵条件下ε丝体的形态变化,发现当菌丝球比较均匀、形态无较大差别、具有致密程度相当的核心时,有利于￡一聚赖氨酸形成。     

杂交瘤细胞的代谢流量分析

应用代谢流量平衡模型定量分析了杂交瘤细胞的代谢流量分布。结果表明,在连续培养的杂交瘤细胞中,当葡萄糖和谷氨酰胺的流加浓度分别为13.8和2.6 mmol·L^-1时,86.2%的葡萄糖通过糖酵解生成乳酸,7.5%的生成脂类,进入TCA循环的仅占0.83%;谷氨酰胺中的氮有3%用于核酸的合成,54.5%生成氨,另有38.2%生成非必需氨基酸,碳骨架61.6%生成非必需氨基酸,34.1%进入TCA循环。     

中国仓鼠卵巢细胞的悬浮适应及代谢特征

目的：通过悬浮适应,使中国仓鼠卵巢细胞（CHO细胞）获得悬浮生长的特性,并可在悬浮培养条件下较快地生长。方法：将CHO细胞以3×10^5／mL接种于100mL的三角瓶内,培养时加入1％小牛血清、1g/LPIuronic F-68、25μg／mL硫酸葡聚糖,培养体积35mL,摇床转速90r／min,每24h离心换液,当细胞增殖为2×10^6／mL时传代。结果：经过悬浮适应,细胞的平均比生长速率由适应最初的0．27／d提高为适应后的0．48／d,最大总细胞密度由适应初期的2．5×10^6／mL提高为适应后的6．3×10^6／mL,目的蛋白活性也由适应前的2781U／mL提高为适应后的8878U／mL,适应后细胞的葡萄糖平均比消耗率为1．42μmol／（10^6细胞·d）,低于适应前的2．16μmol／（10^6细胞·d）。结论：贴壁生长的CHO细胞经过悬浮适应,不仅可以在悬浮培养条件下快速生长,而且细胞对葡萄糖的利用率也得到提高。     

Evidence of Pluronic F-68 direct interaction with insect cells: impact on shear protection, recombinant protein, and baculovirus production*

Pluronic F-68 has been widely used to protect animal cells from hydrodynamic stress, but its mechanism of action is still debatable. Published evidence indicates that Pluronic F-68 interacts with cells, yet scarce information exists of its effect on recombinant protein and virus production by insect cells. In this work, the effect of Pluronic F-68 on production of recombinant baculovirus and rotavirus protein VP7 was determined. Evidence of Pluronic F-68 direct interaction with Sf-9 insect cells also was obtained. Maximum recombinant VP7 concentration and yield increased 10x, whereas virus production decreased by 20x, in spinner flask cultures with 0.05% (w/v) Pluronic F-68 compared to controls lacking the additive. No differences were observed in media rheology, nor kinetics of growth and infection (as inferred from cell size) between both cultures. Hence, Pluronic F-68 influenced cell physiology independently of its shear protective effect. Cells subjected to a laminar shear rate of 3000 s(-1) for 15 min, without gas/liquid interfaces, were protected by Pluronic F-68 even after its removal from culture medium. Furthermore, the protective action was immediate in vortexed cells. The results shown here indicate that Pluronic F-68 physically interacts with cells in a direct, strong, and stable mode, not only protecting them from hydrodynamic damage, but also modifying their capacity for recombinant protein and virus production.     

Kinetic studies and unstructured models of lymphocyte metabolism in fed-batch culture

The growth of two lymphocyte cell lines, a hybridoma cell line and a human cutaneous T cell lymphoma (HuT78), was studied in fed-batch culture, and unstructured models of growth developed. A criteria was established to insure that the growth rate varied by less than a specified tolerance throughout the culture period. Glutamine and serum were growth-limiting nutrients for both cell lines with half-maximal growth rates at 0. 53 mM glutamine and 0. 55%(v/v) serum for the hybridoma cells and 0. 21 mM glutamine and 1. 5% serum for the HuT-78 cells. Over the range of glucose concentrations from 5. 5 mM to 28 mM, the specific growth rate of hybridoma cells was independent of glucose concentration, whereas glucose concentrations above 5. 5 mM inhibited HuT-78 growth. For both cell lines, the growth rate was significantly inhibited by the addition of ammonium, although the hybridoma cell line was more affected by ammonia than was the HuT-78 cell line. Growth of HuT-78 cells increased in the presence of interleukin-2. Unstructured models for the hybridoma cells were similar to other models presented in the literature. Applications of these models to adoptive immunotherapy are discussed.     

Problems in predicting cell damage from bubble bursting.

The question is addressed as to whether observed parameter(s) characterizing single bubble burst (bubble jet height and speed) can be used to predict cell damage in sparged animal cell cultures. Bubble burst profiles are examined in the presence of realistic concentrations of fetal calf serum (FCS) or Pluronic F-68 using a high-speed video technique. The damage to TBC3 hybridoma cells from bubble sparging, characterized as a first-order decline, is reduced by even very small concentrations of both FCS and Pluronic F-68, but neither single bubble burst parameters nor surface properties give usable correlations with death rate constants. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Growth characteristics in fed-batch culture of hybridoma cells with control of glucose and glutamine concentrations

An online system using HPLC was developed for the measurement of glucose, glutamine, and lactate in a culture broth. Using the system, the glucose and glutamine concentrations were controlled simultaneously by an adaptive-control algorithm within the ranges of 0.2 to 2.0 and 0.1 to 0.6 g/L, respectively. When the glucose concentration was controlled at the low level of 0.2 g/L, the intracellular lactate dehydrogenase activity decreased by one-half and the lactate concentration by one-third, whereas the uptake rates of serine and glycine were about twice as high, compared with the amounts when the glucose concentration was controlled at 1.0 g/L. On the other hand, ammonia production increased when the glucose concentration was kept low. To reduce the production of inhibitory metabolites such as ammonia and lactate and improve the antibody production rate in a hybridoma cell culture, the concentrations of glucose and glutamine were controlled at 0.2 and 0.1 g/L, respectively. With these low concentrations of glucose and glutamine, the cell concentration (4.1 x 10(6) cells/mL) and antibody production (172 mg/L) both increased about twofold compared with the amounts when the glucose was controlled at higher levels. From these results, simultaneous control of the glucose and glutamine concentrations was shown to be useful in the production of antibody by hybridoma cell cultivation. (c) 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

重组CHO-GS细胞降低氨毒副作用的代谢研究

在重组CHOGS细胞无血清批培养过程中,由于GS系统的引入,使氨对细胞的毒副作用显著降低,从而引起细胞生长和代谢途径发生变化。当起始氨浓度为1.42mmolL时,细胞最高密度可达到15.6×105cellsmL,随着氨浓度的增加,尽管细胞生长受到一定的抑制,但在氨浓度为12.65mmolL时,细胞密度仍可达到8.9×105cellsmL。当起始氨浓度从0.36mmolL增加到12.65mmolL时,细胞对葡萄糖的得率系数和乳酸对葡萄糖的得率系数降低,己糖激酶(HK)、丙酮酸激酶(PK)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)酶活分别提高了43%、140%和25%,表明细胞对葡萄糖的利用增加,糖代谢更倾向于高能量生成途径。在谷氨酰胺代谢途径中,氨促进了谷丙转氨酶(GPT)酶活,谷氨酸到α酮戊二酸的转化逐渐倾向于谷丙转氨途径,谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)酶活降低,脱氨途径相应受到抑制。此外,氨浓度的增加使细胞群体处于G0G1期的比例逐渐升高,当氨浓度为12.65mmolL时,重组蛋白比生产速率比氨浓度为0.36mmolL时提高了2.1倍。     

Effects of Pluronic F-68 on plant cells in suspension culture

Summary The effects of the non-ionic surfactant, Pluronic F-68, on growth and structure ofSolanum dulcamara cells in suspension culture have been studied. Growth of cells, as measured by dry weight, was unaffected by low concentrations (0.01–1.0% w/v) of pluronic, while culture with higher concentrations (2.5–10.0%) resulted in cell death. It is suggested that low concentrations of pluronic may be valuable supplements in plant cell cultures to protect against mechanical damage and to manipulate membrane systems.     

Influence of hydrodynamic shear stress on microcarrier-attached cell growth: Cell line dependency and surfactant protection

Animal cell injuries due to fluid-mechanical forces generated by hydrodynamic mixing in bioreactors could become more detrimental for microcarrier systems. In this work, the effects of cell protective surfactants such as pluronic F68 (F68) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were investigated on microcarrier-grown cells under various hydrodynamic stress conditions. Experimental results indicated that adding 0.2% F68 or 0.2% PVA in media enhanced Vero Cell growth against fluid-mechanical forces, but not CHO-K1 and BHK-21 cells. Although affecting the specific growth rate of Vero cells, hydrodynamic shear forces only slightly influenced CHO-K1 and BHK-21 cells. The cellular sensitivity against fluid-mechanical forces for these three cell lines had the following order: Vero cells > CHO-K1 cells > BHK-21 cells. It seems that, the hydrodynamic effects on microcarrier-grown cells and the effectiveness of surfactant protection are heavily dependent on the culture cell type.     

Effect of shear stress on expression of a recombinant protein by Chinese hamster ovary cells

A flow chamber was used to impart a steady laminar shear stress on a recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line expressing human growth hormone (hGH). The cells were subjected to shear stress ranging from 0.005 to 0.80 N m(-2). The effect of shear stress on the cell specific glucose uptake, cell specific hGH, and lactate productivity rates were calculated. No morphological changes to the cells were observed over the range of shear stresses examined. When the cells were subjected to 0.10 N m(-2) shear in protein-free media without Pluronic F-68, recombinant protein production ceased with no change in cell morphology, whereas control cultures were expressing hGH at 0.35 microg/10(6 )cells/h. Upon addition of the shear protectants, Pluronic F-68 (0.2% [w/v]) or fetal bovine serum (1.0% [v/v] FBS), the productivity of the cells was restored. The effect of increasing shear stress on the cells in protein-free medium containing Pluronic F-68 was also investigated. Cell specific metabolic rates were calculated for cells under shear stress and for no-shear control cultures performed in parallel, with shear stress rates expressed as a percentage of those obtained for control cultures. Upon increasing shear from 0.005 to 0.80 N m(-2), the cell specific hGH productivity decreased from 100% at 0.005 N m(-2) to 49% at 0.80 N m(-2) relative to the no-shear control. A concurrent increase in the glucose uptake rate from 115% at 0.01 N m(-2) to 142% at 0.80 N m(-2), and decreased lactate productivity from 92% to 50%, revealed a change in the yield of products from glucose compared with the static control. It was shown that shear stress, at sublytic levels in medium containing Pluronic F-68, could decrease hGH specific productivity.