首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 265 毫秒
1.
自新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情暴发以来,有关新型冠状病毒的研究非常多,且借鉴对冠状病毒的现有研究,2019新型冠状病毒的感染机理也逐步认识。对于这种新型冠状病毒引起的肺炎的诊疗措施及相关药物的开发也已经开展,通过对其感染过程及受体的研究,各种抗病毒类药物再一次引起我们的兴趣。基于此前出现的SARS冠状病毒、MERS冠状病毒,以及现今的2019新型冠状病毒三种感染人的冠状病毒,本综述主要论述冠状病毒的发展进化史、传播源及传播途径、病毒的感染与复制、预防措施以及诊疗手段。  相似文献   

2.
自2019冠状病毒病爆发以来,疾病确诊速度随着病毒检测量的提升而加快。这对新型肺炎患者早日进行治疗与隔离,控制疫情扩散有重要意义。基于专利文献进行定量数据分析,结合定性调研,客观展示冠状病毒诊断技术的研发现状。通过专利申请趋势、保护市场、重要专利权人、重要专利等维度展示冠状病毒诊断技术的专利保护概貌,预判未来的发展方向,以期支撑我国冠状病毒诊断技术的创新研发。  相似文献   

3.
自2019冠状病毒病爆发以来,疾病确诊速度随着病毒检测量的提升而加快。这对新型肺炎患者早日进行治疗与隔离,控制疫情扩散有重要意义。基于专利文献进行定量数据分析,结合定性调研,客观展示冠状病毒诊断技术的研发现状。通过专利申请趋势、保护市场、重要专利权人、重要专利等维度展示冠状病毒诊断技术的专利保护概貌,预判未来的发展方向,以期支撑我国冠状病毒诊断技术的创新研发。  相似文献   

4.
随着新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)引发的全球疫情不断加剧,新型冠状病毒体外诊断技术与产品的研发成为全球生物医药领域关注的重点,体外诊断技术与产品的研发创新对于提升新发突发传染病的防控能力有着重要的意义。对2019年12月至2020年12月期间国内外新型冠状病毒体外诊断技术与产品的研发现状与发展趋势进行了综述,即包括聚合酶链反应技术、核酸等温扩增技术、免疫层析技术、化学发光免疫分析技术等传统分子诊断技术与免疫诊断技术,也包括CRISPR技术、生物传感器技术、纳米技术等新兴技术在新型冠状病毒检测中的应用,以期为新发突发传染病体外诊断技术的研发与政府的科技决策提供参考。  相似文献   

5.
冠状病毒广泛存于自然界中,人和多种动物均易感。虽然冠状病毒具有相对严格的宿主特异性,但是其广泛的宿主性及其自身基因组的结构特性使得该病毒在进化过程中极易发生基因重组和突变,新型冠状病毒在此过程中不断出现。近年来,反向遗传学技术的发展为冠状病毒跨种属传播及致病机制、疫苗以及抗病毒药物的研发开辟了新的思路。对冠状病毒反向遗传操作技术的进展及其应用现状进行了简要综述与展望。  相似文献   

6.
新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)是一种由严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2)引发的传染病。此种病毒传染性强、传播速度快,对全球人民的身体健康和生命安全造成严重威胁。蛋白质组学技术以其高通量、高灵敏度的特点,在疾病生物标志物的发现、分子机制研究及治疗靶点研究中扮演着重要角色,并被广泛应用于COVID-19的研究中。本文介绍了SARS-CoV-2的基因组结构及病毒感染过程,总结了目前常用的基于质谱的蛋白质组学研究技术,重点综述了蛋白质组学技术在COVID-19生物标志物的发现、分子机制研究和药物治疗靶标研究中的应用进展,最后展望了蛋白质组学的未来发展方向,以期能够有助于推动蛋白质组学技术在COVID-19精准诊断和治疗中的发展。  相似文献   

7.
新型冠状病毒肺炎目前已进入全球大流行状态,多个国家出现疫情爆发。美国疾病管制局期刊《新兴传染病》发表的关于新型冠状病毒的最新研究结论显示,新型冠状病毒基本传染数R0的中位数高达5.7,这意味着在未来较长时间内新型冠状病毒可能会在人群中持续传播并发生变异。在这一背景下,如何监视病毒的变异,对于冠状病毒的研究和药物研发具有重要意义。本文基于来自GISAID的病毒基因组序列数据,设计和实现了新型冠状病毒变异时空分析系统。该系统可对来自不同国家和地区的新型冠状病毒序列数进行统计,对病毒序列在不同时间、不同空间内的变异情况进行分析和可视化,同时还支持不同序列之间的差异比对。该系统可为新型冠状病毒肺炎的研究和政府的疾病控制机构的决策提供支持。  相似文献   

8.
抗体在疾病的诊断、治疗和预防方面发挥着重要作用。随着2019新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)感染引起的肺炎不断传播,如何研发针对该病毒的抗体迫在眉睫。基于IncoPat数据库的专利信息和Cortellis数据库的药物信息,采用定量分析与定性调研相结合的方法,从申请趋势、技术分布、国家/地区分布、机构分布以及市场现状等维度对人冠状病毒抗体领域的专利进行态势分析。结果表明美国是专利技术拥有量最大的国家,中国是专利保护的重点国家。中国科学院等3家国内机构进入全球前十位。人冠状病毒抗体产品研发主要以SARS和MERS为主,部分MERS抗体已进入临床阶段。研究结果为2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)的相关抗体研发提供数据参考与决策支撑。  相似文献   

9.
新型冠状病毒肺炎(2019 novel coronavirus disease, COVID-19),一种由动物来源的新型冠状病毒(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SRAS-CoV-2)感染所致的疾病在全球范围内急速传播,严重的危害人类的健康。快速、准确的诊断,安全有效的治疗方案及疫苗的研发对控制新冠病毒的传播具有重要的意义。为控制新冠病毒的传播,全世界的科学家和研究者投入了极大的精力去开发、研制快速准确的诊断试剂,治疗方案和疫苗,并取得了较大的进展。目前,基于各种检测平台的诊断试剂已在临床实验室应用,多种治疗方案已应用于临床治疗并取得不错的治疗效果。快速准确的样本采集和实验室检测是COVID-19临床治疗及有效控制病毒传染的两大重要支撑。虽然在多种类型的样本中均检测出了新冠病毒,但上呼吸道和下呼吸道样本尤其是鼻咽拭子依旧是目前检测最多的样本类型。随着疫情的发展,大量的基于核酸扩增的分子检测试剂和基于抗原或抗体的快速检测试剂已被研发并商业化获批。目前,实时荧光定量PCR检测依旧是新冠病毒检测最常用的和被认为是“金标准”的方法。虽然较多标签外用药药物和同情治疗方案取得了一定的临床疗效或改善,但目前针对新型冠状病毒肺炎尚无有效的治疗方案。目前在研究中针对新冠病毒的疫苗主要有:灭活或减毒病毒疫苗、基于蛋白质的疫苗、载体疫苗及DNA和RNA疫苗等。在全球,已有47个疫苗进入临床评估阶段,其中,10个疫苗处于临床Ⅲ期试验。本文简要介绍了目前新冠病毒肺炎的实验室诊断、治疗方案及疫苗研制所取得的进展。  相似文献   

10.
2019年底,一种新型冠状病毒在武汉引起发热性呼吸道疾病(COVID-19),并在我国境内及周边国家持续蔓延,对人类流行病的防控提出了新的要求。基于文献计量学方法梳理了冠状病毒的研究进展,从全球视角对主要研发国家/地区、核心研究机构和热点研究方向进行了分析,旨在揭示冠状病毒的诊断、预防和治疗的研究态势,以期为当前科研联合攻关提供参考。  相似文献   

11.
近来,一种新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)引发的COVID-19突发疫情,给全球公众健康和社会经济构成严重威胁。SARS-CoV-2成为继人冠状病毒229E(Human coronavirus 229E,HCoV-229E)、人冠状病毒OC43(Human coronavirus OC43,HCoV-OC43)、严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒(Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus,SARS-CoV)、人冠状病毒NL63(Human coronavirus NL63,HCoV-NL63)、人冠状病毒HKU1(Human coronavirus HKU1,HCoV-HKU1)和中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒(Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus,MERS-CoV)后第七种感染人类的冠状病毒。本研究以高分辨毛细管电泳技术为基础,针对七种人冠状病毒基因保守区分别设计特异性引物对,经常规PCR扩增后,通过具备单碱基差异分辨率的毛细管电泳分析,实现快速检测七种人冠状病毒的目标。通过构建基于毛细管电泳的人冠状病毒分子靶标,实现同时快速精准鉴定七种人冠状病毒的目的。本研究建立的人冠状病毒毛细管电泳快速检测技术方法具有极高灵敏性和精确性,分辨率高而且特异性好,操作简便成本低廉,为人冠状病毒的临床诊断、口岸快速检测等提供了新的技术支持。  相似文献   

12.
Although many novel members of the Coronaviridae have recently been recognized in different species, the ecology of coronaviruses has not been established. Our study indicates that bats harbor a much wider diversity of coronaviruses than any other animal species. Dating of different coronavirus lineages suggests that bat coronaviruses are older than those recognized in other animals and that the human severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus was directly derived from viruses from wild animals in wet markets of southern China. Furthermore, the most closely related bat and SARS coronaviruses diverged in 1986, an estimated divergence time of 17 years prior to the outbreak, suggesting that there may have been transmission via an unknown intermediate host. Analysis of lineage-specific selection pressure also indicated that only SARS coronaviruses in civets and humans were under significant positive selection, also demonstrating a recent interspecies transmission. Analysis of population dynamics revealed that coronavirus populations in bats have constant population growth, while viruses from all other hosts show epidemic-like increases in population. These results indicate that diverse coronaviruses are endemic in different bat species, with repeated introductions to other animals and occasional establishment in other species. Our findings suggest that bats are likely the natural hosts for all presently known coronavirus lineages and that all coronaviruses recognized in other species were derived from viruses residing in bats. Further surveillance of bat and other animal populations is needed to fully describe the ecology and evolution of this virus family.  相似文献   

13.
近年来,冠状病毒严重威胁人类和动物的健康。病毒具有专性胞内寄生的特点,其需要利用细胞完成自身的增殖,因此入侵细胞的过程是其感染机制中非常重要的一部分。多项研究表明冠状病毒能通过细胞表面途径和内吞途径入侵细胞。通过对冠状病毒入侵途径研究有助于了解其生命周期,有利于冠状病毒的防治以及新型药物和疫苗的研发。本文对近年来不同冠状病毒的入侵途径及针对入侵途径所开发的潜在药物的相关研究进行总结,以期为全面了解冠状病毒的入侵方式提供参考。  相似文献   

14.
Bats have been recognized as the natural reservoirs of a large variety of viruses. Special attention has been paid to bat coronaviruses as the two emerging coronaviruses which have caused unexpected human disease outbreaks in the 21st century, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), are suggested to be originated from bats. Various species of horseshoe bats in China have been found to harbor genetically diverse SARS-like coronaviruses. Some strains are highly similar to SARS-CoV even in the spike protein and are able to use the same receptor as SARS-CoV for cell entry. On the other hand, diverse coronaviruses phylogenetically related to MERS-CoV have been discovered worldwide in a wide range of bat species, some of which can be classified to the same coronavirus species as MERS-CoV. Coronaviruses genetically related to human coronavirus 229E and NL63 have been detected in bats as well. Moreover, intermediate hosts are believed to play an important role in the transmission and emergence of these coronaviruses from bats to humans. Understanding the bat origin of human coronaviruses is helpful for the prediction and prevention of another pandemic emergence in the future.  相似文献   

15.
Until COVID‐19, coronaviruses were largely overlooked by virologists. Yet, their abundance in mammalian species could cause new spillover events into humans. Subject Categories: Ecology, Microbiology, Virology & Host Pathogen Interaction

By now, coronaviruses have become notorious. Yet, before the SARS coronaviruses started wreaking havoc with human society, coronaviruses were largely overlooked, even amongst virologists. “When I told another virologist at a meeting what I was working on”, recalled Peter Rottier at Utrecht University, the Netherlands, who began his coronavirus research in 1979, “that person said they''d never heard of coronaviruses”. With plenty of other viruses such as influenza and HIV demanding attention, funders saw no reason to support research on the endemic human coronaviruses in the 1980s and 1990s since they caused mostly common cold.
With plenty of other viruses such as influenza and HIV demanding attention, funders saw no reason to support research on the endemic human coronaviruses in the 1980s and 90s…
Clinicians and virologists began taking much notice around 2003 and 2004 after the SARS coronavirus inflicted about 800 deaths before the outbreak receded, but the potential of this virus family to spillover into new species and mutate to more virulent strains had long been recognized by veterinarians, because coronaviruses inflict significant diseases in poultry, cattle and especially pigs. Virologists now are taking a closer look at some of these diseases to better understand coronaviruses and why they may be relevant for potential future pandemics.  相似文献   

16.
Zhu  Wentao  Yang  Jing  Lu  Shan  Lan  Ruiting  Jin  Dong  Luo  Xue-lian  Pu  Ji  Wu  Shusheng  Xu  Jianguo 《中国病毒学》2021,36(3):402-411
Outbreaks of severe virus infections with the potential to cause global pandemics are increasingly concerning. One type of those commonly emerging and re-emerging pathogens are coronaviruses(SARS-Co V, MERS-Co V and SARS-Co V-2).Wild animals are hosts of different coronaviruses with the potential risk of cross-species transmission. However, little is known about the reservoir and host of coronaviruses in wild animals in Qinghai Province, where has the greatest biodiversity among the world's high-altitude regions. Here, from the next-generation sequencing data, we obtained a known beta-coronavirus(beta-Co V) genome and a novel delta-coronavirus(delta-Co V) genome from faecal samples of 29 marmots, 50 rats and 25 birds in Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province, China in July 2019. According to the phylogenetic analysis, the beta-Co V shared high nucleotide identity with Coronavirus HKU24. Although the novel delta-Co V(Mt Co V) was closely related to Sparrow deltacoronavirus ISU42824, the protein spike of the novel delta-Co V showed highest amino acid identity to Sparrow coronavirus HKU17(73.1%). Interestingly, our results identified a novel host(Montifringilla taczanowskii) for the novel delta-Co V and the potential cross-species transmission. The most recent common ancestor(t MRCA) of Mt Co Vs along with other closest members of the species of Coronavirus HKU15 was estimated to be 289 years ago. Thus, this study increases our understanding of the genetic diversity of beta-Co Vs and deltaCo Vs, and also provides a new perspective of the coronavirus hosts.  相似文献   

17.
近50年来,新的冠状病毒不断出现,引起人类及动物的各种疾病。近期,在武汉肺炎患者中分离到新的冠状病毒。世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)认为,中国在短期内即初步鉴定出新病原,且采取了有效管控措施,显示了科学家的科技实力及政府对突发新现传染病的处置能力。本文简要介绍了近年来新出现的冠状病毒并提出防控建议。  相似文献   

18.
Coronaviruses are enveloped, positive-stranded RNA viruses with a genome of approximately 30 kb. Based on genetic similarities, coronaviruses are classified into three groups. Two group 2 coronaviruses, human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) and bovine coronavirus (BCoV), show remarkable antigenic and genetic similarities. In this study, we report the first complete genome sequence (30,738 nucleotides) of the prototype HCoV-OC43 strain (ATCC VR759). Complete genome and open reading frame (ORF) analyses were performed in comparison to the BCoV genome. In the region between the spike and membrane protein genes, a 290-nucleotide deletion is present, corresponding to the absence of BCoV ORFs ns4.9 and ns4.8. Nucleotide and amino acid similarity percentages were determined for the major HCoV-OC43 ORFs and for those of other group 2 coronaviruses. The highest degree of similarity is demonstrated between HCoV-OC43 and BCoV in all ORFs with the exception of the E gene. Molecular clock analysis of the spike gene sequences of BCoV and HCoV-OC43 suggests a relatively recent zoonotic transmission event and dates their most recent common ancestor to around 1890. An evolutionary rate in the order of 4 x 10(-4) nucleotide changes per site per year was estimated. This is the first animal-human zoonotic pair of coronaviruses that can be analyzed in order to gain insights into the processes of adaptation of a nonhuman coronavirus to a human host, which is important for understanding the interspecies transmission events that led to the origin of the severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak.  相似文献   

19.
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号